Laparoscopic Varicocelectomy in the Management of Chronic Scrotal Pain

Background and Objectives:

To evaluate the usefulness of laparoscopic varicocelectomy in the management of chronic scrotal pain.

Methods:

Between 2009 and 2011, 48 patients in total were treated with laparoscopic varicocelectomy for dull scrotal pain that worsened with physical activity and was attributed to varicoceles. All patients were followed up at 3 and 6 months and biannually thereafter with a physical examination, visual analog scale score, and ultrasonographic scan in selected cases.

Results:

The mean age was 38.2 years (range, 23–54 years). The mean follow-up period was 19.6 months (range, 6–26 months). Bilateral varicoceles were present in 7 patients (14.6%), and a unilateral varicocele was present in 41 (85.4%). The varicocele was grade 3 in 27 patients (56.3%), grade 2 in 20 (41.6%), and grade 1 in 1 (2.1%). The mean preoperative visual analog scale score was 4.8 on a scale from 0 to 10. The mean postoperative visual analog scale score at 3 months was 0.8. After the procedure, 42 patients (87.5%) had a significant improvement in the visual analog scale score (P < .001); 5 (10.4%) had symptom improvement, although it was not statistically significant; and 1 (2.1%) remained unchanged. During follow-up, we observed 5 recurrences (10.4%) whereas de novo hydrocele formation was identified in 4 individuals (8.3%).

Conclusion:

Laparoscopic varicocelectomy is efficient in the treatment of symptomatic varicoceles with a low complication rate. However, careful patient selection is necessary because it appears that individuals presenting with sharp, radiating testicular pain and/or a low-grade varicocele are less likely to benefit from this procedure.     

The Factors Affecting Pain Pattern after Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair

Background

We evaluated the factors that affect pain pattern after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.

Methods

From June 2009 to October 2010, 210 patients underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair operations. Of them, 84 patients were enrolled as subjects of the present study. The evaluation of postoperative pain was conducted by visual analog scale (VAS) scores during postoperative outpatient interviews at 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months. The factors that were thought to affect postoperative pain were evaluated by dividing into three categories: preoperative, operative, and postoperative.

Results

Pain after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair surgery showed a strictly decreasing pain pattern. In single analysis and multiple regression tests for factors influencing the strictly decreasing pain pattern, initial VAS and pain onset were shown to be statistically significant factors (p = 0.012, 0.012, 0.044 and 0.028, respectively). With regard to the factors influencing lower than average intensity pain pattern for each period, the stiffness of internal rotation at 3 months postoperatively was shown to be a statistically significant factor in single and multiple regression tests (p = 0.017 and p = 0.004, respectively).

Conclusions

High initial VAS scores and the acute onset of pain affected the strictly decreasing postoperative pain pattern. Additionally, stiffness of internal rotation at postoperative 3 months affected the higher than average intensity pain pattern for each period after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.     

基于数字化技术建立距骨颈骨折螺钉固定安全通道的研究

 目的 探讨距骨颈骨折螺钉自距骨内侧壁安全固定时螺钉安全通道的建立。方法 限定志愿者年龄20~60岁,男性身高165~185 cm,女性身高155~175 cm,体质指数(BMI)< 25,既往踝、足部无骨折病史,非重体力劳动及长期站立工作者,X线片证实无关节退行性改变等。共获得男性33名,年龄21~59岁,平均43.7岁,身高168~184 cm,平均176.0 cm;女性22名,年龄22~60岁,平均43.2岁,身高158~172 cm,平均165.4 cm。对所有志愿者的踝部及足部进行CT扫描,将重建层厚为0.75 mm的图像数据以DICOM格式存入光盘,使用SuperImage^TM Orthopedics Edition1.1软件对图像进行显示和三维重建。测量距骨颈和跗骨管的高度,建立螺钉进入跗骨管的模型;模拟螺钉自距骨内侧壁远端中1/3和下1/3两点置入,并沿两条不同的方向走行,测量螺钉的最大长度及角度;最后使用SPSS 13.0软件对以上数据进行比较分析。 结果 获得距骨颈和跗骨管的高度值,同性别左右侧的差异无统计学意义;男性距骨颈和跗骨管高度均大于女性;获得螺钉自距骨颈穿出进入跗骨管的模型;获得以距骨内侧壁远端中1/3和下1/3为入点、自不同方向置入时螺钉的长度值和角度值;以距骨内侧壁远端中1/3为入点时螺钉固定的夹角较以距骨内侧壁远端下1/3为入点时明显更大;;计算出螺钉不同固定方向的长度、角度的安全范围。 结论 螺钉固定时应避免对距骨血运造成进一步破坏;距骨内侧壁中1/3是螺钉固定的良好入点;计算机数字化技术与距骨颈骨折内固定方式相结合可以提高手术安全性和可行性。     

丙戊酸钠静脉滴注治疗偏头痛持续状态

目的评估丙戊酸钠治疗偏头痛持续状态的有效性和安全性。方法我们前瞻性地用静脉滴注丙戊酸钠来治疗偏头痛持续状态,然后比较患者治疗前与出院时视觉模拟评分(VAS)。并比较各种因素(一般情况,累计的丙戊酸钠剂量,合并用药)与治疗之间的关系。结果首次治疗中,26次(74.3%)治疗时患者VAS评分较治疗前减少50%或50%以上。所有治疗中,37次(82.2%)治疗使患者VAS评分较治疗前减少50%或50%以上。患者的性别与治疗反应无关。所有治疗中,合并用药(强痛定,索密通,散粒痛和达宁)和治疗时间与治疗反应呈负相关。仅3例(8.6%)出现短暂性眩晕。结论丙戊酸钠静滴是快速,有效和安全的止痛治疗。它对偏头痛持续状态有效。     

脊柱后路截骨治疗强直性脊柱炎后凸畸形合并Andersson损伤

目的 :探讨脊柱后路经损伤处截骨治疗强直性脊柱炎后凸畸形合并Andersson损伤的临床疗效。方法 :回顾性分析2012年1月~2014年1月采用脊柱后路经损伤处截骨治疗强直性脊柱炎后凸畸形合并Andersson损伤的15例患者。男14例,女1例;年龄22~44岁,平均35.7±6.1岁。患者均有腰背痛及后凸畸形,VAS评分6.8±0.8分,ODI为(55.4±12.8)%,局部后凸角51.9°±15.1°,整体后凸角61.6°±27.5°,4例伴有神经功能损伤,术前Frankel分级C级1例,D级3例,E级11例。所有患者均采用后路楔形截骨,术中进行截骨矫形前对Andersson损伤处的纤维组织和硬化骨进行彻底清除直至显露新鲜的松质骨。随访时间均为2年以上,收集患者随访期间的临床疗效评分(VAS和ODI)和影像学参数(局部后凸角、整体后凸角、胸腰段后凸角、腰椎前凸角、骶骨倾斜角和骨盆倾斜角),收集患者术后2年的全脊柱CT检查来评估螺钉置入和固定的情况,应用Bridwell椎间融合评估系统来评估损伤的愈合情况。结果 :所有手术均顺利完成,手术时间为279.4±32.9min,术中平均出血量1066.1±466.1ml。1例患者术中出现硬膜破裂,术中修补。1例患者术后出现肺部感染,应用抗生素治疗后痊愈。随访时间24~32个月,平均27.1±2.4个月。术后2年随访时,局部后凸角减小为7.9°±19.0°,平均矫正了44.6°±9.1°。整体后凸角减小为21.3°±10.6°(P0.05)。腰背疼VAS评分改善为0.7±0.6分(P0.05),ODI改善为(15.6±4.3)%(P0.05)。术后2年随访时原神经功能Frankel分级C级1例及D级3例均恢复为E级。CT显示Andersson损伤处均获得骨性融合,无内固定松动、断裂,均为Ⅰ级愈合。结论:脊柱后路经损伤处截骨治疗强直性脊柱炎后凸畸形合并Andersson损伤能够获得良好的融合和矫形效果,临床疗效满意。     

3种不同镇痛方法对剖宫产患者术后的影响

目的：研究3种不同镇痛方法对剖宫产术后患者的影响。方法：195例患者术后随机分成A、B、C 3组;A组病人术后疼痛治疗肌肉注射哌替啶100 mg;B组患者术后经连续硬膜外导管注入0.25%罗比卡因5 ml,内含吗啡2 mg,氟哌利多1 mg,行单次硬膜外术后镇痛,同时拔除连续硬膜外导管;C组于术后前15 min经连续硬膜外导管注入0.25%罗比卡因5 ml＋吗啡2 mg＋氟哌利多1 mg,且保留硬膜外导管,接镇痛泵,行术后硬膜外自控镇痛（PCEA）。在术后6、12、244、8 h时间段观察3组镇痛效果（VAS评分）、肠蠕动恢复时间。结果：术后6、12、244、8 h,A组病人VAS评分明显高于B组和C组（P〈0.01）;术后244、8 h,B组VAS评分明显高于C组（P〈0.05）;C组肠蠕动恢复时间短于A组及B组（P〈0.01）。结论：术后硬膜外自控（PCEA）应用于妇产科剖宫产术后患者镇痛优于单次吗啡硬膜外镇痛,更适用于术前对疼痛比较敏感或对手术痛有顾虑者。     

大鼠鞘内腺苷同类物CHA抗神经病理性疼痛作用

目的 探讨大鼠鞘内注射腺苷同类物CHA(Cyclohexyladenosine)抗神经病理性疼痛作用.方法 雄性SD大鼠,鞘内留置PE-10导管,一周后制作大鼠脊神经结扎神经病理性疼痛模型(SNL).将30只SNL大鼠随机分成5组(n=6):对照组(生理盐水)、CHA组(CHA 0.1,0.5,1.0 nmol)、拮抗组(CHA 1.0 nmol 格列本脲2.0 μg).测定各组鞘内给药前、给药后10,20,30,40,50,60 min各时点的大鼠机械撤足阈值,计算对应时点的最大效应百分比(%MPE),评价抗神经病理性疼痛效果.结果 CHA 0.5及1.0 nmol组抗神经病理性疼痛最大效应百分比均明显高于生理盐水组(P＜0.05).CHA 1.0 nmol 格列本脲2.0 μg组抗神经病理性疼痛最大效应百分比明显低于CHA 1.0 nmol组(P＜0.05).结论 鞘内注射CHA具有明显的抗神经病理性疼痛作用,鞘内预注格列本脲(三磷酸腺苷敏感型K 通道阻滞剂)能拮抗CHA抗神经病理性疼痛作用.