β_3-肾上腺素能受体基因突变与肥胖儿童膳食干预效果

为分析 β3 肾上腺素能受体 (β3 adr)基因突变与单纯性肥胖儿童对膳食干预应答差异的关系 ,将 47名单纯性肥胖儿童随机分为膳食干预组 (36名 )和对照组 (11名 ) ,膳食干预期 3个月 ,干预前后分别进行膳食调查和体格测量。所有研究对象均采用PCR RFLP方法检测 β3 肾上腺素能受体 (β3 adr)基因中编码多肽链第 6 4位的色氨酸密码子被精氨酸密码子 (Trp6 4Arg)取代的突变。结果显示 ,这 47名肥胖儿童膳食结构中脂肪供能过高 ,占 40 7% ;膳食干预后 ,在膳食干预组中无 β3 adr基因Trp6 4Arg突变者的体重、体质指数(BMI)增长幅度低于非膳食干预组 (P <0 0 5 ) ,而有突变者的体重、BMI增长幅度与非膳食干预组相比 ,则不存在统计学差异。结论认为 β3 adr基因Trp6 4Arg突变可能是单纯性肥胖儿童膳食干预效果较差的原因之一。     

阿罗洛尔——无代谢不良反应的肾上腺素β受体阻滞药

阿罗洛尔除具有肾上腺素α、β受体阻滞药共有的抑制交感及扩张血管特点外,在减慢心率作用方面比常用的卡维地洛、拉贝洛尔明显,与肾上腺素β受体阻滞药美托洛尔相近,但无美托洛尔的糖、脂代谢不良反应。在降压方面,尤其适用于中青年舒张期高血压,能有效地减慢心率、降舒张压。     

血管紧张素Ⅱ对不同年龄大鼠心脏α_1肾上腺素受体介导正性变力效应的影响

目的研究在不同年龄组大鼠,激动血管紧张素Ⅱ受体(ATR)对α1肾上腺素受体(α1-AR)介导的心肌正性变力效应的影响是否不同。方法测定Wistar大鼠离体左心房收缩效应。结果在3.5月龄大鼠离体左心房,血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)0.001~30μmol.L-1未能诱导出正性变力效应。在3.5,12,18和24月龄组大鼠,苯肾上腺素(PE)引起左心房浓度依赖性正性变力效应。与3.5月龄大鼠相比,12月龄大鼠的PE累积浓度-收缩效应曲线无明显变化,18和24月龄大鼠的最大收缩反应(Rmax)及pD2值均明显下降。AngⅡ100nmol.L-1预处理30min对3.5和12月龄大鼠左心房的PE累积浓度-收缩效应曲线没有明显影响,但使18和24月龄大鼠的PE累积浓度-收缩效应曲线左移,Rmax及pD2增大。结论AngⅡ不能诱导大鼠心肌正性变力效应。但随着年龄增长,心肌α1-AR反应性降低时,激动ATR可增强α1-AR介导的正性变力效应。     

卡维地洛对老年心力衰竭患者心功能及神经内分泌的影响

目的探讨老年心力衰竭患者应用卡维地洛治疗后对心功能及神经内分泌的影响。方法老年心力衰竭患者84例,分为卡维地洛治疗组和常规治疗组,每组各42例。两组患者心脏基础疾病、入院时纽约心脏协会(NYHA)分级和常规心力衰竭治疗用药无显著差异。卡维地洛治疗组在常规抗心衰治疗基础上接受卡维地洛递增剂量治疗。比较治疗前、卡维地洛达到维持量时和维持量治疗6个月后两组患者心功能指标、血浆脑钠素(BNP)和肾上腺髓质素(ADM)浓度。结果两组患者在治疗过程中心率、血压及左心室内径均逐渐下降,左心室射血分数逐渐增加,血浆BNP和ADM浓度也显著下降。在达维持量时两组之间上述指标变化程度大致相同,而在维持量治疗6个月后卡维地洛治疗组与常规治疗组比较,心率(70次/min∶84次/min,P<0.01)、舒张压(73.2mmHg∶79.1mmHg,P<0.05)、左室舒张末期内径(53.8mm∶60.1mm,P<0.05)和收缩末期内径(38.5mm∶45.8mm,P<0.01)、BNP浓度(178.6pg/ml∶289.3pg/ml,P<0.01)和ADM浓度(24.92pg/ml∶31.28pg/ml,P<0.05)的平均值显著下降,左心室射血分数显著增加(45.2%∶40.1%,P<0.01)。结论老年心力衰竭患者在常规抗心衰治疗的基础上给予卡维地洛治疗在改善心功能状态的同时,可进一步减慢心率、缩小左心室容积、拮抗神经内分泌,对左心室收缩功能的恢复及改善预后具有重要的意义。     

Modulation of spontaneous myometrial activity in chronically instrumented ovariectomized sheep

The uterine electromyogram (EMG) and intrauterine pressure curves (IUP) were investigated as indicators of myometrial activity in chronically instrumented, ovariectomized ewes. Spontaneous electrical activity was characterized by rhythmic patterns of trains of bursts accompanied by IUP waves. Administration of adrenergic (propranolol or phentolamine) or cholinergic (atropine) blocking agents had no effect on spontaneous uterine activity. Both oxytocin and PGF2 alpha appeared to stimulate spontaneous myometrial activity. 17beta-Estradiol temporarily depressed uterine activity in a dose-dependent fashion. The period of relaxation was followed by a pronounced increase in activity. Progesterone treatment resulted in long-term suppression of myometrial activity. Oxytocin and PGF2alpha increased EMG and IUP activity during estradiol suppression but not after progesterone treatment. These results indicate that the myometrium is active in chronically instrumented, ovariectomized ewes. The autonomic nervous system or its receptors do not play a role in the maintenance of spontaneous myometrial activity, estradiol and progesterone suppress myometrical activity but by different mechanisms.     

Neuroprotective effects of brimonidine against transient ischemia-induced retinal ganglion cell death: a dose response in vivo study

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dose-response effects of topically administered brimonidine (BMD) on retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival, short and long periods of time after transient retinal ischemia. In adult Sprague-Dawley rats, RGCs were retrogradely labeled with the fluorescent tracer fluorogold (FG) applied to both superior colliculi. Seven days later, the left ophthalmic vessels were ligated for 90 min. One hr prior to retinal ischemia, two 5 microl drops of saline alone or saline containing 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01 or 0.1% BMD were instilled on the left eye. Rats were processed 7, 14 or 21 days later and densities of surviving RGCs were estimated by counting FG-labeled RGCs in 12 standard regions of each retina. The following have been found. (1) Seven days after 90 min of transient ischemia there is loss of approximately 46% of the RGC population. (2) topical pre-treatment with BMD prevents ischemia-induced RGC death in a dose-dependent manner. Administration of 0.0001% BMD resulted in the loss of approximately 37% of the RGC population and had no significant neuroprotective effects. Administration of higher concentrations of BMD (0.001 or 0.01%) resulted in the survival of 76 or 90%, respectively, of the RGC population, and 0.1% BMD fully prevented RGC death in the first 7 days after ischemia. (3) Between 7 and 21 days after ischemia there was an additional slow cell loss of approximately 25% of the RGC population. Pre-treatment with 0.1% BMD also reduced significantly this slow cell death. These results indicate that the neuroprotective effects of BMD, when administered topically, are dose-dependent and that the 0.1% concentration achieves optimal neuroprotective effects against the early loss of RGCs. Furthermore, this concentration is also effective to diminish the protracted loss of RGCs that occurs with time after transient ischemia.     

Tetrandrine and related bis—benzylisoquinoline alkaloids from medicinal herbs：cardiovascular effects and mechanisms of action

Tetrandrine(TET),a bis-benzylisoquinoline alkaloid purified and identified an active ingredient in a Chinese medicinal herb,Radix Stephanae tetrandrae,has been used traditionally for the treatment of congestive circulatory disorder and inflammatory diseases.TET,together with a few of its structural analogues,has long been demonstrated to have antihypertensive action in clinical as well as animal studies.Presumably,the primary anti-hypertensive action of TET is due to its vasodilatory properties.TET prevents or inhibits vascular contraction induced by membrane depolarization with KCl or α-adrenoceptor activation with phenylephrine (PE).TET(30μmol/L) also inhibits the release of endothelium-derived nitric oxide(NO) as well as NO production by inducible NO synthase.TET apparently inhibits multiple Ca^2 entry pathways as demonstrated in cell types lacking the L-type Ca^2 channels.In cardiac muscle cells,TET inhibits both L-and T-type Ca^2 channels.In addition to its actions on cardiovascular tissues,TET may also exert its anti-hypertensive action via a Ca^2 -dependent manner on other tissues intimately involved in the modulation of blood pressure control,such as adrenal grands.In adrenal glomerulosa cells,KCl-or angiotensin II-induced aldosterone synthesis is highly dependent on extracellular Ca^2 .Steroidogenesis and Ca^2 -influx in bovine adrenal glomerulosa cells have been shown to be potently inhibited by TET.In bovine adrenal chromaffin cells,TET inhibits Ca^2 currents via L-and N-type channels as well as other unidentified channels with IC50 of 10μmol/L.Other than the Ca^2 antagonistic effects.TET also interacts with the α-adrenergic receptors and muscarinic receptors based on functional as well as radioligand binding studies.Apart from its functional effects,TET and related compounds also exert effects on tissue structures,such as remodelling of hypertrophied heart and inhibition of angiogenesis,probably by causing apoptotic responses.TET is also known for its anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrogenic actions,which make TET and related compound potentially useful in the treatment of lung silicosis,liver cirrhosis,and rheumatoid arthritis.