What Happens at the Adjacent Knee Joint After Total Hip Arthroplasty of Crowe Type III and IV Dysplastic Hips?

We prospectively evaluated 30 hips of 22 patients who had normal knees with a mean age of 53.4 years (range, 38-72 years). In the early postoperative period, genu valgum deformity was observed in all knees. Of 22 patients, 17 complained of severe pain owing to strain in the medial collateral ligament and iliotibial tract. Postoperatively, the ipsilateral extremities of the patients were extended by a mean of 16.5 mm (8-25 mm). Q angles of the patients increased by a mean of 4.4° ± 2.5° (P < .001). Although the Harris hip scores were improved (40.7-87.8 points), postoperative Lysholm-Gillquist knee scores were significantly reduced (92-76 points, P < .001). Reduction of displaced hips into the anatomical hip center and lengthening the extremity despite shortening procedure may lead to strain at the knee joint iatrogenically, particularly with the mechanical effect of tensor fascia lata, which results with changes in the knee biomechanics.     

Dislocation after total hip arthroplasty among patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip

The precise relationship between developmental dysplasia of the hip and dislocation among patients after total hip arthroplasty has not been well clarified. A total of 820 patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip who underwent total hip arthroplasty from January 2000 to December 2009 were categorized according to Crowe classification, and postoperative dislocation rates were analyzed among subgroups. The overall dislocation rate was 2.93%. No statistically significant differences in dislocation rates were observed between these with and without subtrochanteric osteotomy. Femoral head size was the only factor with significant difference between the dislocated and stable groups, especially when femoral head diameter increased from 28 to 32 mm. Of all dislocations, 69.6% were anterior dislocation, and the degree of cup anteversion and combined anteversion of anterior dislocators was higher than that of the posterior dislocators (P = .0082 and P = .001).     

Impact of hip anatomical variations on the cartilage stress: A finite element analysis towards the biomechanical exploration of the factors that may explain primary hip arthritis in morphologically normal subjects

Background

Hip arthritis is a pathology linked to hip-cartilage degeneration. Although the etiology of this disease is not well defined, it is known that age is a determinant risk factor. However, hip arthritis in young patients could be largely promoted by biomechanical factors. The objective of this paper is to analyze the impact of some normal anatomical variations on the cartilage stress distributions numerically predicted at the hip joint during walking.

Methods

A three-dimensional finite element model of the femur and the pelvis with the most relevant axial components of muscle forces was used to simulate normal walking activity. The hip anatomical condition was defined by: neck shaft angle, femoral anteversion angle, and acetabular anteversion angle with a range of 110–130°, 0–20°, and 0–20°, respectively. The direct boundary method was used to simulate the hip contact.

Findings

The hydrostatic stress found at the cartilage and labrum showed that a ± 10° variation with respect to the reference brings significant differences between the anatomic models. Acetabular anteversion angle of 0° and femoral anteversion angle of 0° were the most affected anatomical conditions with values of hydrostatic stress in the cartilage near 5 MPa under compression.

Interpretation

Cartilage stresses and contact areas were equivalent to the results found in literature and the most critical anatomical regions in terms of tissue loads were in a good accordance with clinical evidence. Altogether, results showed that decreasing femoral or acetabular anteversion angles isolatedly causes a dramatic increase in cartilage loads.     

支气管肺发育不良患儿2岁内下呼吸道感染再入院临床特征及病原分析（附52例报告）

目的　探讨支气管肺发育不良（BPD）患儿2岁内因下呼吸道感染再入院临床特征及病原。方法　回顾性分析2012年1月至2016年12月重庆医科大学附属儿童医院52例2岁内BPD患儿再入院临床资料。结果　52例BPD患儿2岁内共137次再入院治疗,临床表现主要为咳嗽、 气促、 喘息、 紫绀及肺部干湿性啰音,＞1～2岁较≤1岁再入院喘息发生率有显著升高（χ2＝10.715,P＝0.001）。呼吸道病毒检出以呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV） 67.3%（33/49）、副流感病毒3型（PIV3） 22.4%（11/49）为主,细菌病原检出前3位为肺炎克雷伯杆菌28.2%（31/110）、肺炎链球菌15.5%（17/110）、 流感嗜血杆菌8.2%（9/110）,其中≤1岁以肺炎克雷伯杆菌为主,＞1～2岁以肺炎链球菌为主; 肺炎克雷伯杆菌药敏结果提示对头孢他啶、 哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、 美罗培南耐药率分别为64.5%、 54.8%、7.1%,肺炎链球菌药敏结果提示头孢噻肟、 阿莫西林耐药率分别为8.0%、 6.3%; 肺炎克雷伯杆菌在重症肺炎中检出率有显著升高。2岁内中位住院时间为8.0（7.0～12.0） d,77.4%（106/137）例次住院需吸氧治疗,其中21.7%（23/106）需使用呼吸机治疗,≤1岁与＞1～2岁喘息患儿中静脉激素使用率分别为42.2%（27/64）、56.5%（13/23）。结论　BPD患儿2岁内因下呼吸道感染再入院中喘息发生率随时间推移有增加趋势,再入院病毒病原以RSV为主,细菌病原早期以肺炎克雷伯杆菌为主,肺炎链球菌随时间推移可能逐渐成为主要细菌病原,肺炎克雷伯杆菌所致肺炎其病情可能更重,其中产ESBL肺炎克雷伯杆菌占比例较高,临床可参考药敏试验选择哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、 头孢他啶,必要时选用美罗培南; BPD患儿再入院病情偏重,用氧率高,但静脉激素的使用率并未随喘息发生率增加而增加。     

Oxygen therapy in preterm infants: recommendations for practice

Oxygen is one of the most commonly used therapies in neonatology but optimum oxygen saturations for preterm infants have been debated for the past 50 years. The history of oxygen use in this population and multiple clinical trials over the years have shown that liberal oxygen administration is associated with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) whereas restrictive use results in increased mortality and neurodisability. Pulse oximetry (SpO₂) is a bedside tool to guide the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO₂) delivered to the patient, and is the current standard of care for continuous monitoring. Although evidence favours targeting predetermined oxygen saturation ranges, achieving this goal consistently in clinical practice has been challenging due to intrinsic pulmonary immaturity, the need for respiratory support therapies and factors relating to the bedside caregivers ability to adjust FiO₂. This review article focuses on the difficulties of titrating oxygen therapy in this vulnerable group and provides recommendations for the best practice based on up to date evidence.     

建立规律月经周期的青春期McCune-Albright综合征1例及文献复习

目的 分析治疗外周性性早熟各类药物的差异,提高McCune-Albright综合征(MAS)的治疗水平。方法 本文通过回顾1例MAS患儿从幼儿期阴道出血直至青春期建立正常月经周期的诊疗经过,并复习相关文献,分析治疗外周性性早熟的各类药物的利弊,为儿童内分泌专科医生提供诊疗及预后参考。结果 来曲唑从根源上减少雌激素产生,且治疗期间安全性相对较好。结论 来曲唑似乎更适用于治疗MAS患儿的外周性性早熟,但用药过程中需注意系统的随访评估。     

Distribution of hip pain in osteoarthritis patients secondary to developmental dysplasia of the hip

Objectives

Our aim was to clarify the distribution of hip pain in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip secondary to developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH).

Methods

We retrospectively studied 443 hips in 369 patients with osteoarthritis secondary to DDH; mean age was 61 years, and follow-up rate was 84 %. Hip pain was defined as preoperative pain that was relieved 3 months after total hip arthroplasty.

Results

Distribution of pain originating in the hip was 89 % (393 hips) to the groin, 38 % (170 hips) to the buttock, 33 % (144 hips) to the anterior thigh, 29 % (130 hips) to the knee, 27 % (118 hips) to the greater trochanter, 17 % (76 hips) to the low back, and 8 % (34 hips) to the lower leg. When the groin, buttock, and greater trochanter were combined as the hip region, 95 % (421 hips) of pain was located in the hip region. On the other hand, when the anterior thigh, knee, lower leg, and low back were combined as the referral region, 55 % (242 hips) showed referred pain.

Conclusions

We suggest that rheumatologists be aware of hip disease masquerading as knee pain or low back pain.     

Circumferential and focal radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of Barrett’s esophagus

This invited profile summarizes the technical aspects and clinical trial results related to the use of circumferential and focal radiofrequency ablation in the management algorithm for Barrett’s esophagus. What makes this relatively new endoscopic intervention unique is its promising safety and efficacy profile reported in published clinical trials. This technology appears to have overcome many of the limitations of prior endoscopic ablative modalities, and is thus garnering a role in the management of this disease state.     

The Presence of Epsilon Waves in All Precordial Leads (V1–V6) in a 13‐Year‐Old Boy with Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia (ARVD)

Electrocardiographic feature is included in the diagnostic criteria for arrthythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD) based on the Revised Task Force criteria 2010. The epsilon wave, which reflects delayed conduction of the right ventricle, is considered to be one of the major diagnostic criteria. We reported a 13‐year‐old Thai boy with ARVD who presented with ventricular tachycardia. The presence of epsilon wave in all precordial leads (V₁–V₆) was observed in standard 12‐lead EKG. Extensive scarring of the right and left ventricle was seen on cardiac MRI. The extensive Epsilon wave found in this patient may reflect the extensive ventricular wall involvemen.