Association of Fusobacterium nucleatum with clinical and molecular features in colorectal serrated pathway

Human gut microbiota is being increasingly recognized as a player in colorectal cancers (CRCs). Evidence suggests that Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) may contribute to disease progression and is associated with CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) and microsatellite instability (MSI) in CRCs; however, to date, there are no reports about the relationship between F. nucleatum and molecular features in the early stage of colorectal tumorigenesis. Therefore, we investigated the presence of F. nucleatum in premalignant colorectal lesions. In total, 465 premalignant lesions (343 serrated lesions and 122 non‐serrated adenomas) and 511 CRCs were studied. We determined the presence of F. nucleatum and analyzed its association with molecular features including CIMP, MSI and microRNA‐31 status. F. nucleatum was detected in 24% of hyperplastic polyps, 35% of sessile serrated adenomas (SSAs), 30% of traditional serrated adenomas (TSAs) and 33% of non‐serrated adenomas. F. nucleatum was more frequently detected in CIMP‐high premalignant lesions than in CIMP‐low/zero lesions (p = 0.0023). In SSAs, F. nucleatum positivity increased gradually from sigmoid colon to cecum (p = 0.042). F. nucleatum positivity was significantly higher in CRCs (56%) than in premalignant lesions of any histological type (p < 0.0001). In conclusion, F. nucleatum was identified in premalignant colorectal lesions regardless of histopathology but was more frequently associated with CIMP‐high lesions. Moreover, F. nucleatum positivity increased according to histological grade, suggesting that it may contribute to the progression of colorectal neoplasia. Our data also indicate that F. nucleatum positivity in SSAs may support the “colorectal continuum” concept.     

The Cell‐CT 3‐dimensional cell imaging technology platform enables the detection of lung cancer using the noninvasive LuCED sputum test

The war against cancer has yielded important advances in the early diagnosis and treatment of certain cancer types, but the poor detection rate and 5‐year survival rate for lung cancer has changed little over the past 40 years. Early detection through emerging lung cancer screening programs promise the most reliable means of improving mortality. Sputum cytology has been tried without success because sputum contains few malignant cells that are difficult for cytologists to detect. However, research has shown that sputum contains diagnostic malignant cells and could serve as a means of lung cancer detection if those cells could be detected and correctly characterized. Recently, the National Lung Screening Trial reported that screening using 3 consecutive low‐dose x‐ray computed tomography scans provides a 20% reduction in lung cancer mortality compared with chest x‐ray. However, this reduction in mortality comes with an unacceptable false‐positive rate that increases patient risks and the overall cost of lung cancer screening. The LuCED test for detection of early lung cancer is reviewed in the current article. LuCED is based on patient sputum that is enriched for bronchial epithelial cells. The enriched sample is then processed on the Cell‐CT, which images cells in 3 dimensions with submicron resolution. Algorithms are applied to the 3‐dimensional cell images to extract morphometric features that drive a classifier to identify cells that have abnormal characteristics. The final status of these candidate abnormal cells is established by the pathologist's manual review. LuCED promotes accurate cell classification that could enable the cost‐effective detection of lung cancer. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2015;123:512–523. © 2015 American Cancer Society.     

Rehabilitation of ectodermal dysplasia patients presenting with hypodontia: outcomes of implant rehabilitation part 1

Purpose

This study has evaluated the pre and post perceptions of patients with ectodermal dysplasia (ED) who have been referred to Westmead Centre for Oral Health for treatment with dental implants.

Which concentration to choose in dual flow cardiac CT?: Dual flow cardiac CT

Purpose

An extensive number of protocols have been suggested to allow for functional diagnostics; however, no data is available about the minimal amount of contrast medium to achieve reliable imaging properties. None of the plethora of existing studies report a rational why the specific concentration was chosen.

Materials and methods

A total of 40 patients were included in this prospective, controlled study. They were divided up into four equal groups getting a different concentration (10%, 20%, 30% or 40%) of a second contrast medium bolus. Corresponding septal and right ventricular ROIs were compared. A visual score was established. Coronary attenuation was measured in the right and left coronary artery. Streak artifacts in the right atrium/ventricle were assessed.

Results

In the 10% contrast medium (CM) group only in 5/10 (50%) patients full septal delineation was reached. In all other groups full septal visualization was obtained.No group showed a relevant difference of mean density measured in HU units of the left ventricle or the coronary arteries. All study groups except of group 1 (10% CM) showed streak artifacts in the right atrium.

Conclusion

The dual flow protocol with a minimum concentration of 20% improves septal visualization as basis for left ventricular functional assessment, however, does not allow for reliable right ventricular or atrial visualization.There is no significant difference between the different concentration protocols in terms of coronary attenuation.     

发育性髋关节发育不良闭合复位后影响股骨近端形态发育的因素分析

[目的]探讨闭合复位治疗发育性髋关节发育不良(developmental dysplasia of the hip,DDH)后股骨近端形态改变的发生及其影响因素。[方法]回顾分析本院2000年1月～2006年12月采取闭合复位的DDH患儿258例,其中106例(160髋)获得随访;年龄6～36个月,平均16.9个月。其中男12例,女94例,左侧脱位34例,右侧脱位18例,双侧脱位54例。脱位程度按Tnnis分型:Ⅰ型23髋,Ⅱ型81髋,Ⅲ型31髋,Ⅳ型25髋。所有患儿均随访2～11年,平均5.1年。所有患儿术前均行双下肢悬吊牵引4～24 d,平均13.4 d。全麻下行经皮长收肌腱切断、手法复位后动力蛙式石膏固定3个月,外展支具固定3个月。采用Bucholz-Ogden分型评价闭合复位后股骨近端形态改变。对DDH患儿性别、年龄、脱位程度、牵引时间、复位后固定时间、复位前骨化核出现与否、家族遗传史、胎位、复位前是否能行走等多变量进行Logistic多因素回归分析,探讨这些因素与闭合复位后股骨近端形态改变的相关性。[结果]在获得随访的160髋中有31髋发生股骨近端形态改变(19.4%),其中Bucholz-OgdenⅠ型27髋(16.9%),Ⅱ型2髋(1.25%),Ⅲ型1髋(0.625%),Ⅳ型1髋(0.625%)。经Logistic多因素回归分析,复位时患儿年龄(OR=7.006,P<0.01)、脱位程度(OR=5.116,P<0.001)、牵引时间(OR=0.261,P=0.023)及复位后固定时间(OR=3.991,P=0.03)与闭合复位后股骨近端病理形态改变存在明显相关性。而患儿性别、复位前骨化核出现与否、家族遗传史、胎位、复位前是否能行走等无明显相关性(P>0.05)。[结论]复位前的皮牵引时间14～24 d有助于减轻股骨近端形态的病理改变,复位时患儿年龄越大、脱位程度越高、复位后固定时间越长,股骨近端形态病理改变越严重。     

Salter髂骨截骨联合股骨头圆韧带重建术治疗小儿发育性髋关节脱位

目的探讨Salter髂骨截骨联合股骨头圆韧带重建术治疗儿童发育性髋关节脱位的疗效。方法采用Salter髂骨截骨联合股骨头圆韧带重建术治疗39例(44髋)发育性髋关节脱位患儿。结果患儿均获随访,时间6～24个月。按照吉士俊等疗效评定标准进行评定:优35髋,良6髋,可3髋,优良率达93.2%。结论Salter髂骨截骨联合股骨头圆韧带重建术治疗学龄前儿童发育性髋关节脱位效果良好。