蜕皮甾酮乳膏对伤口愈合速度及毛细血管密度的影响

目的 研究蜕皮甾酮乳膏对实验性兔创伤模型促进伤口愈合作用的疗效观察,从而为蜕皮甾酮乳膏促愈作用找到证据及其机制.方法 先制备好蜕皮甾酮乳膏,而后将32只体重相近的新西兰兔制备成全皮层缺损的创伤动物模型,每只兔3个背部创面,分别敷以空白乳膏基质、蜕皮甾酮乳膏及云南白药创可贴.其中8只兔分别于造模后4、8、12天拍摄愈合后的创面,统计其面积,同时计算出各个创面的伤口愈合率;另外24只兔分3批于造模后4、8、12天利用微循环观察和分析系统检测创面毛细血管密度.结果 伤口愈合率的统计学分析表明:蜕皮甾酮乳膏有明显的促进伤口愈合的作用(P<0.01),疗效与云南白药相近(P＞0.05);毛细血管密度的统计学分析表明:蜕皮甾酮乳膏组创面与其他两组相比,其毛细血管生成密度较大(P<0.01);病理观察:蜕皮甾酮乳膏组上皮细胞、内皮细胞及成纤维细胞增生较多.结论 蜕皮甾酮乳膏对实验性兔创伤缺损模型有明显促愈作用,为临床促愈用药的筛选提供了新思路.     

33例老年腹部闭合性损伤的临床治疗分析

目的：观察并分析老年人发生腹部闭合性损伤后其病理生理的特殊性与复杂性，为临床及时救治提供依据。方法：回顾性分析1998年1月-2004年10月收治的33例老年腹部闭合性损伤患者33例临床资料。结果：手术治疗26例，保守治疗7例，治愈32例，死亡1例。死亡原因为多脏器衰竭。结论：针对老年腹部闭合性损伤后其生理病理上的特殊性与复杂性，有的放失地尽快落实救治措施选择简单，安全，有效术式，做好围手术期处理，是提高外科治愈率的关键。     

Endoscopic vs open saphenous vein harvest for coronary artery bypass grafting: a prospective randomized trial

OBJECTIVE: Endoscopic saphenous vein harvesting (EVH) for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) has been developed to reduce leg wound morbidity and improve patient satisfaction. Choosing between EVH of a short vein segment from the thigh and open venous harvesting (OVH) of a short segment from the calf represents a clinical dilemma as EVH is easiest to perform from the thigh and OVH is easiest to perform from the calf. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether leg wound morbidity was reduced after EVH of a short vein segment from the thigh compared with OVH from the calf. Secondly we investigated whether EVH would reduce length of hospital stay and improve cosmetic results. METHODS: From April 2004 to June 2007, 132 patients undergoing elective isolated CABG were randomized to have a short segment of saphenous vein harvested either by the EVH or OVH technique. Clinical follow-up was scheduled at day 5 and at 1 month. Primary end-points included wound morbidity. Secondary end-points included harvest time, length of hospital stay, cosmetic results and need for additional wound care after discharge. RESULTS: The groups were preoperative similar. Three patients in the OVH group were excluded from the study as it became apparent that it was necessary to extend the incision beyond the knee. Harvest time was longer for the EVH group, but these patients suffered from significantly fewer cases of infectious and non-infective wound complications, with a substantial reduction in the need for post-discharge leg wound care. The purulent infection rates in the EVH and OVH groups were 0% and 11%, respectively. The overall leg wound morbidity rates regarding cellulitis, purulent infection, dehiscence and skin necrosis were 3% and 27% in the EVH and OVH groups, respectively (p<0.001). The length of hospital stay was similar. The conversion rate from EVH to OVH was 14%. The EVH group experienced less pain and better cosmetic results. CONCLUSIONS: EVH of a short vein segment from the thigh results in less wound morbidity and better cosmetic results compared with OVH of a short vein segment from the calf.     

兔骨髓基质细胞和骨血肿块移植促进骨折愈合的研究

目的：研究骨折后骨血肿块和骨髓基质细胞的骨再生潜能，以及骨血肿块和骨髓基质细胞联合移植对骨折愈合的影响，探讨促进骨折愈合的新途径。方法：在新西兰兔胫骨上制造骨缺损模型，3d后取出骨血肿，并从股骨抽骨髓血分离出骨髓基质细胞，将骨髓基质细胞联合骨血肿块回植到实验组骨缺损区；对照组骨缺损区则单纯行骨血肿块回植。定期拍X线片和取出骨痂行组织学观察。结果：骨缺损处骨痂生成数量在实验组和对照组两组间有显著性差异，骨髓基质细胞联合骨血肿块移植组的骨痂形成数量和骨膜反应明显多于以单纯骨血肿块移植组；组织学观察：实验组成骨样细胞形成数量也明显多于对照组。结论：骨髓基质细胞有较强的骨再生潜能，骨髓基质细胞和骨血肿块联合移植比单纯骨血肿移植成骨效果更好。     

BMP-4基因/TGF-β1对兔火器性股骨缺损的治疗作用

目的 观察BMP-4基因联合TGF-β1对火器性股骨缺损的修复作用. 方法 用火器性钢珠造成兔股骨中段缺损,伤后2周于骨缺损上、下端和中部注射经体外鉴定的BMP-4基因和TGF-β1.用RT-PCR和Western blot检测BMP-4 mRNA与蛋白在体内的表达,用碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性和钙含量检测局部组织的成骨能力,用病理学和X线检查成骨过程和质量. 结果 注射后BMP-4 mRNA和蛋白可在体内表达6周.实验组ALP活性伤后8周时增加到(13.17±0.51)U/100 ml,显著高于对照组的(8.77±0.44)U/100 ml,提示实验组的成骨能力增强,钙含量检测与此相符.病理学和X线检查证明实验组成骨过程加快,成骨质量提高. 结论 BMP-4基因/TGF-β1对火器性骨缺损有明显的促修复作用.     

DLQI scores in patients with keloids and hypertrophic scars: a prospective case control study

Background: Keloids and hypertrophic scars (HTS) can cause functional impairment and psychosocial burdens, both of which affects quality of life (QoL). Our aim was to compare Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) scores in patients with keloids and HTS to those of psoriasis patients and normal controls. Patients and Methods: Forty‐eight consecutive patients with keloids and HTS and 48 with psoriasis vulgaris attending our dermatology outpatient clinic, as well as 48 sex‐ and age‐matched healthy controls completed the DLQI. Results: Total DLQI scores of patients with keloids and HTS (7.79 ± 5.10) and psoriasis (8.73 ± 5.63) were comparable and significantly higher than that of healthy controls (0.58 ± 0.77). No significant difference were found between patients with psoriasis and patients with keloids and HTS in terms of the total DLQI scores and the subscale scores (p > 0.05) except “treatment” (p < 0.05) sub‐scale scores which were higher in psoriasis. Conclusions: The QoL of patients with keloids and HTS is impaired as much as that of those with psoriasis. The DLQI questionnaire is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing the QoL in patients with keloids and HTS.     

rhbFGF和rhEGF对成纤维细胞的促增殖作用

目的：掌握人皮肤成纤维细胞的培养技术，了解该细胞的生长特性；研究rhbFGF和rhEGF在不同浓度下对人皮肤成纤维细胞增殖的影响，为临床准确定量应用这两种因子修复创面、加速创面愈合提供理论依据。方法：体外培养人皮肤成纤维细胞，用不同浓度的rhbFGF和rhEGF干预细胞，四甲基偶氮唑盐比色法（MTT）检测细胞的活性，选择最适浓度生长因子干预的细胞，用流式细胞仪检测细胞的DNA倍体情况。结果：不同浓度的rhbFGF和rhEGF分别对成纤维细胞干预48h后，显示rhbFGF在50μg／L浓度时MTT值最大，rhEGF在80μg／L浓度时MTT值最大；并检测出在最适浓度下细胞倍体的含量。结论：应用最佳浓度的rhbFGF和rhEGF可以更快的促进创面愈合，减少瘢痕的形成。     

Modified closure technique for reducing sternal dehiscence; a clinical and in vitro assessment

Objective: Although the incidence of sternal dehiscence is low its mortality can be high. An alternative technique is described (modified closure) which aims to redistribute the dehiscence force into the longer longitudinal axis rather than the shorter transverse axis, thereby maximising the closure strength. Four ethibond sutures, which interlock anteriorly, are used in addition to eight transverse sternal wires. The aim of the study was to assess the modified closure using both an in vitro and a clinical study. Methods: (a) In vitro study: A weight and traction pulley system applied a force of 0.1 kN to pairs of silicone rubber hemisterna approximated to each other using alternative closure techniques. The dehiscence tendency (DT) was measured as the amount of separation under tension. Using 10 pairs of hemisterna for each closure technique the measured DT for the modified closure (MC) was compare with those for each of five alternative closures (two figure-of-eight and four transverse sutures (2C), 6 (6T), 8 (8T), 10 (10T) and 12 transverse sutures (12T)). (b) Clinical study: The incidence of sternal dehiscence for the first 4 years of a consultants’ practice (using 8T) was compared with the second 4 years (using MC). Results: (a) Measured DT (mean ± SEM), (MC: 149 ± 14; 6T: 256 ± 13; 8T: 223 ± 9; 10T: 213 ± 13; 12T: 203 ± 8; 2C: 294 ± 15). DT was significantly smaller for MC (p < 0.003). (b) The incidence of dehiscence was significantly smaller in the second 4 years (MC) than in the first (8T): 0.2% (1/529) versus 1.6% (13/788); p = 0.01 Conclusions: In vitro and clinical studies suggest that the modified closure technique can reduce the incidence of sternal dehiscence.     

闭合或有限切开经皮穿针固定治疗肱骨近端两部分骨折

目的：通过分析28例闭合或有限切开经皮穿针固定治疗肱骨近端两部分骨折的临床疗效，探讨治疗体会及教训。方法：2005年11月至2006年11月采用闭合或有限切开经皮穿针固定治疗肱骨近端两部分骨折28例，男12例，女16例；年龄31-73岁，平均54．7岁。均为新鲜骨折。骨折根据Neer分型：两部分外科颈骨折18例，外展嵌插两部分大结节骨折10例。结果：本组平均手术时间42min,口均Ⅰ期愈合，X线片显示骨折对位满意，向前成角基本矫正。外展嵌插两部分大结节骨折的颈干角从术前的平均175°（160°-200°）恢复至平均136°（128°～142°），大结节移位小于3mm。随访6-13个月，平均10．3个月，骨折均愈合，未出现肱骨头缺血坏死现象，术后8—10周取出内固定。根据ASES及Constant-Murley肩关节评分系统，本组ASES评分平均91．2分（63～100分），Constant—Mudey评分平均90．4分（67-100分）。本组优12例，良14例，一般2例。结论：闭合或有限切开经皮穿针固定治疗肱骨近端两部分骨折的操作有相当难度，且须在透视下进行，但具有损伤小、康复快的优点，是治疗特定类型肱骨近端骨折的有效方法。骨质情况是决定固定稳定程度的必要条件。