巨噬细胞影响骨质疏松性骨折骨愈合的研究进展

骨质疏松性骨折愈合缓慢,预后差。募集的巨噬细胞极化为促炎M1型巨噬细胞及抑炎M2型巨噬细胞,两种亚型的动态平衡影响骨折愈合速度和预后。但在原发性骨质疏松性骨折及继发性骨质疏松性骨折中,M1型和M2型巨噬细胞极化失衡,严重影响骨折愈合。研究表明,通过一些生物学方法重建巨噬细胞极化平衡,如生物医用仿生材料和外泌体携载miRNA治疗等,可有效改善巨噬细胞表型极化,减少骨吸收,促进成骨分化,加速骨质疏松性骨折骨愈合。因此,笔者从巨噬细胞在骨折愈合过程中的作用、巨噬细胞极化失衡导致骨质疏松性骨折延迟愈合及重建巨噬细胞极化平衡加速骨质疏松性骨折骨愈合等方面,就巨噬细胞对骨质疏松性骨折骨愈合影响的研究进展进行综述,为临床治疗骨质疏松性骨折提供新的思路。     

间充质干细胞外泌体在创伤修复再生中作用的研究进展

间充质干细胞（MSCs）外泌体能够通过旁分泌作用,发挥类似干细胞的促进组织器官修复再生的功能,避免了直接移植MSCs的风险,如致瘤、伦理、免疫排斥反应等。MSCs外泌体参与细胞通讯,维持微环境的稳态,促进细胞的增殖、迁移及细胞外基质的修复再生,且能够在不同物种之间传递,却不会引起明显的免疫反应,在组织器官的修复与再生方...     

人工真皮在重度烧伤患者关节瘢痕挛缩松解术后创面修复中的应用效果分析

【摘要】 目的 分析探讨人工真皮在重度烧伤患者关节瘢痕挛缩松解术后创面修复中的应用效果。方法 选取2018年3月至2020年9月潍坊医学院附属诸城市人民医院收治的34例重度烧伤创面愈后关节瘢痕挛缩患者作为研究对象, 根据不同治疗方法将其分为研究组 (16例) 和对照组 (18 例), 研究组患者于瘢痕松解术后采用人工真皮、负压封闭引流、湿润烧伤膏及自体刃厚皮片移植治疗, 对照组患者于瘢痕松解术后采用中厚皮片移植、负压封闭引流及湿润烧伤膏治疗, 对比观察两组患者瘢痕松解术后创面愈合时间以及瘢痕评分变化情况。结果 研究组患者瘢痕松解术后创面愈合时间为 (15.06±1.84) d, 明显短于对照组患者的瘢痕松解术后创面愈合时间 (20.61±5.05) d (t=4.152, P < 0.001); 瘢痕松解术后 3? 6? 12 个月, 研究组患者温哥华瘢痕量表 (VSS) 评分均明显低于对照组 (t = 3.136、2.258、2.389, P = 0.004、0.031、0.023)。结论 人工真皮可有效促进重度烧伤患者关节瘢痕挛缩松解术后创面愈合, 缩短创面愈合时间, 改善瘢痕增生情况, 值得临床推广应用。     

Forensic medical characteristics of firearm exit wounds in cases with armour protection

BackgroundThe very limited literature about the characteristic morphology of the firearm ammunition wounds in the body armored victims led authors to conduct an experimental study to understand this issue of great forensic and medico-legal importance.PurposeAn autopsy of a male sniper was fraught with a challenge to differentiate between a firearm ammunition entry and exit wound. He was wearing body armour when shot at during a hostage rescue operation. The study was conducted to standardize the findings and answer the queries in such cases of forearms with inherent legal implications.MethodologyThe modifying effect of the clothing and the armour on the firearm injuries in humans was studied by test firings on animal (pig) cadaver tissues, which has closest simulation to the human body tissues. These firings were preceded by X-ray fluorescence, and followed by stereoscopic and spectroscopic examinations. All the events were recorded by the high-resolution video camera shoots.ResultsAn extensive cavitation in the form of a cone shaped crater, and a tissue defect with precipitated edges and patching of the epidermal layers indicated a firearm entry and exit wound, respectively, in victims wearing body armour at the time of the firearm injury.     

液体伤口敷料脉冲式脓腔冲洗对化脓性皮脂腺囊肿切开引流的应用效果

 目的 探讨液体伤口敷料脉冲式脓腔冲洗对化脓性皮脂腺囊肿切开引流的应用效果。方法 选择我院江北院区2020-06至2021-12收治的化脓性皮脂腺囊肿行切开引流的患者128例,按照随机数表法分为观察组与对照组,各64例。对照组以常规方法进行冲洗换药,观察组实施普朗特脉冲式冲洗换药。比较两组临床指标[换药次数、换药时间、伤口愈合时间、分泌物消失时间、换药视觉模拟疼痛评分(VAS)]、创面评分(创面面积、创面深度、肉芽情况和渗出情况)、皮肤舒适性(压红、压痛、灼热感、潮湿感)。结果 两组创面面积、创面深度、肉芽情况、渗出情况评分干预前及干预10 d后比较,差异无统计学意义;两组上述指标评分干预3 d后及干预7 d后比较,观察组显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组换药次数、换药时间、伤口愈合时间、分泌物消失时间、换药VAS评分显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 液体伤口敷料脉冲式脓腔冲洗用于化脓性皮脂腺囊肿切开引流患者,可获得明显的感染防治效果,对提高皮肤舒适度及降低炎症水平,促进创面愈合有积极作用。     

Evaluation of autologous bone marrow in wound healing in animal model: a possible application of autologous stem cells

A study was conducted to evaluate the potential of autologous bone marrow-derived cells in comparison with buffy coat of autologous blood for rapid cutaneous wound healing in rabbit model. Three square full-thickness skin excisional wounds were created in 15 selected experimental animals (rabbit) divided randomly into three groups. The wound was treated with autologous bone marrow cells in plasma (group 1), buffy coat of blood in plasma (group 2) and autologous plasma as control (group 3). Wounds were observed for 30 days for granulation tissue formation, biochemical, histomorphological and histochemical evaluation. In this study, granulation tissue appeared significantly lesser in wounds of group 3 animals followed by group 2 and 1 animals. Neovascularisation, granulation tissue formation, denser, thicker and better arranged collagen fibres, reticulin fibres and elastin fibres formation was more in group 1 as compared with other groups. It was concluded that the application of bone marrow-derived nucleated cells into the wound margins resulted in early and significantly faster rate of complete healing as compared with buffy coat of autologous blood and autologous plasma (control). This approach may be beneficial in various surface wounds that heal at a slower rate and recommended for healing of various complicated wound in future.     

耳后窄蒂皮下蒂皮瓣修复耳廓内软组织缺损

目的探讨应用耳后窄蒂皮下蒂皮瓣修复耳廓内软组织缺损的方法及疗效。方法 2008年6月-2011年7月,收治11例耳廓内肿物切除后软组织缺损患者。男7例,女4例;年龄26～75岁,平均50岁。其中色素痣5例,基底细胞癌2例,混合性血管瘤2例,皮肤乳头状瘤2例。病程3～50年,平均35年。彻底切除肿物后,软组织缺损范围为1.5 cm×1.0 cm～3.5 cm×3.0 cm。沿颞浅动脉及耳后动脉走向,设计耳后"乒乓球拍状"窄蒂皮下蒂皮瓣,通过隧道移位修复缺损,皮瓣切取范围1.8 cm×1.3 cm～3.8 cm×3.3 cm,蒂宽0.4～0.7 cm、长2～5 cm。供区直接拉拢缝合或局部皮瓣移位修复。结果术后供、受区皮瓣均顺利成活,切口均Ⅰ期愈合。术后8例获随访,随访时间6个月～1年。皮瓣质地、弹性、色泽良好,耳廓外形良好。肿瘤患者无复发。结论耳后窄蒂皮下蒂皮瓣蒂部窄长、旋转角度大、修复范围广、不含知名血管,手术操作简便,供区隐蔽,是修复耳廓内软组织缺损的理想方法之一。     

创面信息管理系统:一种标准化的创面信息采集、存储和处理方案

目的 利用新型创面信息管理系统,探讨客观、标准化和便利的创面信息管理方案.方法 选择创面信息采集终端,确定创面信息采集内容,制作相关软件,建立创面信息数据库和创面信息管理系统.在临床应用中评价其效能. 结果 由第3代手机和操作软件共同构成标准化创面信息采集系统,借助终端手机可以从数据库中获取相关信息,包括创面的文字描述、图像及治疗方案等.使用4个月,共录入就诊信息232例次,已自动生成38例患者的完整资料. 结论 该系统能够将创面信息采集标准化并传输储存,适用于医院特别是基层卫生机构,为未来大样本的流行病学调查提供了良好的数据平台.     

成骨活性肽对骨折愈合生物力学性能的影响

目的观察自行设计合成的具有成骨活性的小分子多肽对小鼠股骨骨折愈合生物力学性能的影响,评价其促进骨折愈合的能力。方法选择8周龄雌性C57BL/6J小鼠40只,随机分为对照组和多肽组两组,每组各20只。所有动物制备左侧股骨骨折模型,分组植入复合PBS或多肽的胶原材料。术后第3周行三点弯曲实验,观察各标本最大载荷、弹性载荷、最大挠度、弹性挠度、最大应力、弹性模量等生物力学指标的变化情况。结果多肽组各项生物力学指标均显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论合成的成骨活性多肽能明显增强小鼠股骨骨折愈合的生物力学性能。