奈替米星体液浓度测定的方法学研究

通过对国产硫酸奈替米星注射后人体血尿中药物浓度测定，建立了奈替米星体液浓度测定的微生物法，该方法的检测限为０．０３７５～０．０７５１μｇ，最低检测浓度为０．２５～０．５μｇ／ｍｌ，回收率为８８．８％±３．６３％～９８％±１４．４０％，重复性试验相对标准差为２．２２％～５．３４％；并对１０例健康受试者用药后血标本１００余份进行了微生物法测定和高压液相色谱法测定，对两种方法测定结果的比较发现：微生物法测定的血药浓度明显高于ＨＰＬＣ法（Ｐ＜０．０１），而ＨＰＬＣ法由于需复杂的样品预处理和特殊的色谱条件，测定的血药浓度较低，回收率仅７１．９８％～７６．９６％。不过，两种方法测定结果的相关性较好。本研究结果提示：微生物法测定奈替米星体液浓度简便、易操作、结果准确可信，适用于体液药物浓度测定。     

Effects of low-dose transdermal scopolamine on autonomic cardiovascular control in healthy young subjects

We studied how posture influences the effects of transdermal scopolamine on autonomic cardiovascular regulation in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study of 10 healthy young volunteers. We recorded the electrocardiogram and auscultatory sphygmomanometric and continuous non-invasive finger arterial pressure (Finapres device) to obtain signals for the beat-by-beat R–R interval and systolic, mean and diastolic pressures. R–R interval and arterial pressure variabilities were characterized by power spectral analysis. Scopolamine increased the mean R–R intervals and reduced arterial pressure in both the supine and the standing positions, but did not affect blood pressure variability. Scopolamine increased the total variability of R–R interval and its mid- (0·07–0·15 Hz) and high- (0·15–0·40 Hz) frequency band power in the standing position during controlled breathing at 0·25 Hz. In the supine position, scopolamine did not affect R–R interval variability. In the deep breathing test, scopolamine increased the maximal expiratory–inspiratory R–R interval ratio. This study showed that low-dose scopolamine increases vagal cardiac inhibition in both supine and standing positions in healthy volunteers. However, scopolamine increases heart rate variability only in the standing position during partial vagal withdrawal. The study also demonstrates that transdermal scopolamine decreases blood pressure in healthy young subjects.     

我国青年男子理想体重计算方法的探讨

在营养调查的基础上,以975名北方籍和921名南方籍青年为代表,以实测身高体重为依据,分别推出了理想体重计算公式。北方理想体重(kg)=[身高(cm)-150]×0.6+50;南方理想体重(kg)=[身高(cm)-150]×0.6+48。为检验样本的代表性,又另取北方籍783名青年和南方籍883名青年进行了验证,结果表明,推出的计算公式有较好的代表性。用推出的计算公式分别对1464名北方青年和2264名南方青年的身高体重进行分析,结果表明,新推出的计算公式比以往的计算公式更符合我国的情况,因而更具有实用意义。     

矽肺动物模型全肺灌洗治疗的病理观察

通过对动物模型实验治疗的病理观察，评价全肺大容量灌洗治疗矽肺的效果，并优选灌洗液。对４０只家兔和１０只幼猪经ＳｉＯ２染尘处理后，各随机分为药物组、盐水组和对照组。４～５周后施行全肺大容量灌洗。治疗后３～５个月处死各组动物，进行病理双盲检查。经统计学秩和检验，兔与猪各组肺矽结节纤维化级别分布的差异有非常显著意义（Ｐ＜０．００５）。经卡方检验，各灌洗组的纤维化程度与对照组相比，差异亦有非常显著意义（Ｐ＜０．０１）。灌洗液中药与盐水比，Ｐ＜０．０５；盐水与西药比，Ｐ＜０．０５。兔和猪矽肺各灌洗组的效果明显优于对照组。灌洗液中药优于盐水，盐水又优于西药     

Clarke's column in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Summary Histological, ultrastructural and morphometrical observations on Clarke's column were carried out in 18 patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and 15 age-matched control subjects. Of the 18 ALS patients 6 had been on a respirator before death. Bunina bodies were found in the neuronal cytoplasm in 7 of the 12 non-respirator-supported ALS patients and in 3 of the 6 respirator-supported patients. The number of spheroids was significantly higher in the non-respirator-supported patients (P<0.01) than in the control subjects; however, the number in the respirator-supported patients was about equal to that in the controls. The number of neurons in Clarke's column in the non-respirator-supported ALS patients was not reduced, but in the respirator-supported patients they tended to disappear with time after respiratory support. These findings suggest that Clarke's column neurons are also involved primarily in the disease process in sporadic ALS. However, they may begin to disappear only after the patients require respiratory support.Supported in part by a research grant for CNS degenerative diseases from the Ministry of Health and Welfare, Japan     

Body fat in identical twins reared apart: Roles for genes and environment

We report analyses of data on body fat from a cohort of 34 separated monozygotic twin pairs (MZA) and a matched sample of 38 pairs of monozygotic twins reared together (MZT) originally studied by James Shields. The correlation for MZA pairs was. 61 and the correlation for MZT pairs was. 75. These correlations did not differ significantly, nor did correlations differ between MZA pairs subclassified as having been raised in relatively more or less similar environments. Our results suggest important roles for both genes and environment in the accumulation of body fat and support other adoption studies in suggesting that adult environments rather than rearing environments are the most important nongenetic determinants of levels of body fat in adults.Supported by National Institute of Mental Health Grant MH43409 to R.A.P. and a Grant in Aid from the Dight Institute of Human Genetics to I.I.G.     

全胚胎体外培养方法筛查致畸原的应用

全胚胎体外培养技术是将孕第９．５天的大鼠胚胎从子宫移至体外培养，培养期间在培养基中加入不同的化合物，由于排除了母体和胎盘因素，可以观察到这些化合物对胚胎生长发育的直接影响。应用该技术研究了青霉素、敌枯双、放线菌素Ｄ和高浓度葡萄糖四种化合物对胚胎生长发育的直接影响，结果发现在体外培养时也可导致胚胎死亡、畸形和胚胎生长发育迟缓，所导致的畸形与在整体动物实验结果相同。同时发现化合物在导致胚胎死亡、畸形和生长发育迟缓方面具有明显的剂量－效应关系。通过比较这种化合物导致胚胎死亡、畸形和发育迟缓的剂量－效应曲线的关系，推测其导致胚胎畸形的可能性以及畸形胚胎存活的可能性，从而推测化合物在实际中真正致畸的可能性。     

头低位限制活动对家兔主要脏器微血管壁通透性的影响

本文报导了用40只白色短毛家兔所做的动物模拟失重实验,得出各脏器微血管通透性的动态反应曲线。并用微循环研究方法,分析了模拟失重时各脏器微血管功能状态与微血管通透性之间的关系;阐述了各脏器微循环功能变化特点;并对变化机理作了初步探讨。