不同维生素矿物质比营养干预在全胃切除术围手术期的临床效果分析

目的 探讨营养干预中不同维生素矿物质比在胃癌围手术期的临床效果。方法 21例胃癌全胃切除术患者分为 3组, 所有患者手术后第 1 天开始行早期肠内营养支持, A 组患者给予高维生素低微量元素比营养支持, B 组患者给予中维生素 微量元素比营养支持, C 组患者给予低维生素低微量元素比营养支持,并在营养支持前后测定体重、血红蛋白、前白蛋白、 血清白蛋白、肝肾功能、血糖、电解质、排气时间。 结果 21 例病例在研究期间无死亡 , 无严重并发症 , 肝肾功能无变化。 各组间术前营养指标具备可比性。 A 组营养指标显著优于 B、 C 两组且与术前营养水平无统计学差异。 结论 少量微量元素 配合大量维生素应用于营养支持中可以取得更好的疗效,适合运用于胃癌全切术的围手术期治疗和护理。     

Oral Lichen Planus: an Overview of Potential Risk Factors,Biomarkers and Treatments

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is an immune-related disorder with unknown exact etiology but established prevalencein females. There are six clinical forms of OLP, ranging from asymptomatic white keratotic lesions to painful erosionsand ulcerations. The aim of the present report is to overview pathologic and therapeutic aspects. Peroxidation products,antioxidants, cortisol, and immunoglobulins are potential biomarkers to predict OLP occurrence. The risk of OLPdevelopment in patients with hepatitis B and C infection is 2-fold greater than in healthy individuals, while there is nosignificant relation with diabetes mellitus. Corticosteroids are common drugs to treat OLP and their combination withother agents can be most effective. Folic acid and variants of vitamin B are also potential treatments since they targethematological abnormalities.     

Evaluation of Plasma Non-enzymatic Antioxidants in Breast Cancer Etiology

Objective: Oxidative stress has emerged as a major etiological factor for breast cancer. Diet derivedantioxidants play an important role against oxidative stress and the aim of the present study was to examineroles of non-enzymatic antioxidants in breast cancer in India. Methods: Plasma non-enzymatic antioxidants;beta-carotene, vitamin A, vitamin E and vitamin C were analyzed spectrophotometrically from 70 healthy femalecontrols, 30 patients with benign breast diseases (BBD) and 125 untreated breast cancer patients (BCPT). Results:Plasma vitamin C levels were significantly lower in patients with BBD as compared to the controls (p=0.043).Plasma beta-carotene, vitamin E and vitamin C levels were significantly lower in BCPT as compared to thecontrols (p=0.0001, p=0.040 and p=0.0001, respectively). Plasma vitamin A levels were significantly higher inpatients with BBD and BCPT as compared to the controls (p=0.0001 and p=0.0001; respectively) and in BCPTas compared to patients with BBD (p=0.030). ROC curve analysis revealed that plasma beta-carotene and vitaminA could significantly discriminate between controls and patients with BBD (p=0.016 and p=0.000; respectively).Plasma beta-carotene, vitamin A, vitamin E and vitamin C could significantly discriminate between controlsand BCPT (p=0.000, p=0.000, p=0.001and p=0.001, respectively). Plasma vitamin E levels could significantlydiscriminate between patients with BBD and BCPT (p=0.055). Odds ratio analysis revealed that, increasinglevels of plasma beta-carotene, vitamin E and vitamin C were significantly associated with decreased risk ofbreast cancer (p=0.0001, p=0.003, and p=0.0001; respectively), whereas, increased risk was linked to plasmavitamin A (p=0.001). Conclusions: The trends of the current study provide interesting clues to the etiology ofbreast cancer and suggest significance of interplay of non-enzymatic antioxidants in breast cancer. Further indepthstudy is warranted to elucidate role of these antioxidants as a preventive measure.     

Effects of ozone on DNA single-strand breaks and 8-oxoguanine formation in A549 cells

Animal studies have demonstrated that ozone exposure can induce lung tumors. Recent epidemiological studies have also shown that increased ozone exposure is associated with a greater risk of lung cancer. This study used single-cell gel electrophoresis (the Comet assay) and flow cytometry to investigate DNA damage in A549 cells exposed to ozone levels below the current ambient standard. Cells were exposed to ozone at levels of 0, 60, 80, and 120 ppb, and then DNA single-strand breaks and 8-oxoguanine levels were measured. Additionally, the formamidopyrimidine glycosylase (Fpg) repair enzyme was added to the Comet assay to enhance detection of oxidative damage. Vitamins C and E were also added to determine their inhibitory effects on ozone-induced 8-oxoguanine. Measurements of tail length, tail intensity, and tail moment of the Comet assay were shown to correlate with each other. However, tail moment appeared to be more sensitive than the other two indicators in detecting DNA single-strand breaks. Tail moments of cells exposed to 80 and 120 ppb of ozone were significantly higher than those exposed to 0 ppb (P<0.05). These three indicators of DNA single-strand breaks with Fpg were shown to be increased and more sensitive than those without Fpg. After Fpg was introduced, the tail moments at ozone levels of 60, 80, and 120 ppb were significantly higher than those at 0 ppb (P<0.05). Furthermore, 8-oxoguanine levels, determined by fluorescence intensity, at 80 and 120 ppb of ozone exposure were significantly higher than the level at 0 ppb. Pretreatment with vitamins C and E reduced the 8-oxoguanine levels caused by ozone. We conclude that ozone levels below current ambient standards may induce DNA breaks and oxidative DNA damage. Moreover, the Fpg repair enzyme in the Comet assay can increase the sensitivity of oxidative damage detection in vitro.     

The response of breadfruit nutrition to local climate and soil: A review

Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) has been promoted as an underutilized crop with tremendous potential to address global hunger and transform agricultural practices in the tropics. While traditionally confined to Oceania, breadfruit has been spread throughout the global tropics in the 250 years, with a significant increase in distribution and production over the last 20–30 years, bringing the crop into a vast array of growing conditions. We apply a systematic protocol to 33 previous studies representing 41 locations to explore the effect of abiotic environmental factors on nutritive aspects of breadfruit in three categories: proximate analyses, micro- and macro-nutrients, and vitamins. In applying linear and multi-variate regressions, data suggests that the abiotic factors play a strong role in the nutritive value of the crop and that each category of nutrition responds differently to the environment. In general, proximate analyses were most responsive to average annual precipitation, while vitamin concentrations respond to both climate and soil parameters; micro- and macro-nutrients show little correlation to climate or soils. We present findings in the context of previous research on abiotic influence of food nutrition.     

Dietary Supplement Intake and Factors Associated with Increased Use in Preadolescent Endurance Runners

BackgroundThe prevalence of dietary supplement intake among preadolescent endurance runners is currently unknown.ObjectiveOur aim was to describe use of dietary supplements, higher-risk supplements, and sport foods among preadolescent endurance athletes and identify associated characteristics of dietary supplement users in this population.DesignThis was a retrospective, cross-sectional study.Participants/settingParticipants were 2,113 preadolescent endurance runners (male: n = 1,255, female: n = 858; mean age ± standard deviation = 13.2 ± 0.9 years).Main outcome measuresUse of dietary supplements, higher-risk dietary supplements, and sport foods on 2 or more days per week during the past year.Statistical analyses performedMann-Whitney U tests, χ² tests, univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsTwenty-six percent (n = 551) of preadolescent runners used dietary supplements on 2 or more days per week during the past year; 1.3% (n = 27) reported taking higher-risk supplements. Compared with male runners, female runners reported higher use of 1 or more supplements (32.5% vs 21.7%; P < .001) and 4 or more supplements (4.0% vs 1.9%; P = 0.005), multivitamin/minerals (24.2% vs 14.4%; P < .001), vitamin D (12.4% vs 5.6%; P < .001), calcium (8.9% vs 4.8%; P < .001), iron (3.1 vs 1.1%; P < .001), probiotic supplements (8.2% vs 1.3%; P < .001), and diet pills (0.5% vs 0.0%; P = .02). Male runners reported higher use of creatine (1.3% vs 0.0%; P < .001) and sport foods, including protein bars and drinks (19.5% vs 8.4%; P < .001), energy bars (23.5% vs 9.7%; P < .001), and carbohydrate-electrolyte drinks (27.9% vs 13.3%; P < .001) than female runners. Factors independently associated with a higher likelihood for dietary supplement use included weight loss in the past year, female (vs male) gender, following a vegetarian diet, skipping meals, attempting to gain weight, and history of a running-related bone stress injury.ConclusionsMore than one-quarter of preadolescent runners regularly consumed dietary supplements. Behaviors consistent with dietary restriction and history of bone stress injury were associated with higher likelihood for supplement use. Further work to understand supplement use patterns and potential value for nutrition education is advised to optimize health of preadolescent runners.     

Recalled maternal lifestyle behaviors associated with anti-müllerian hormone of adult female offspring

Anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) is an established marker of ovarian reserve that decreases with age. Though the pool of ovarian follicles is established during fetal development, impacts of in utero exposures on AMH are uncertain. Thus, we sought to evaluate associations of in utero exposures with AMH of adult daughters with a prospective cohort study of adult daughters at university medical centers. Women noted their mother’s reported use of diethylstilbestrol (DES), vitamins, tobacco, alcohol, and caffeine during pregnancy, and their mother’s occupation during pregnancy. All participants were reproductive age women (18–40 years) enrolled in the Effects of Aspirin in Gestation and Reproduction (EAGeR) trial. Serum AMH concentrations were measured at baseline prior to conception and categorized using clinical guidelines. Multinomial regression models estimated associations between each exposure and high (>3.5 ng/mL) and low (<1.0 ng/mL) versus normal AMH (1.0−3.5 ng/mL), adjusting for participant’s age, mother’s age, mother’s history of fertility treatment, and mother’s use of vitamins. In 1202 women with available data, maternal caffeine use was associated with an increased risk of low AMH, compared to normal (relative risk [RR] 1.90, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.09, 3.30). Vitamins were associated with an increased risk of high AMH compared to normal (RR 1.93, 95 % CI 1.24, 3.00). Other exposures were not associated with AMH concentrations in offspring. Maternal caffeine and vitamin use during pregnancy may be associated with ovarian reserve in adult offspring, highlighting the potential importance of pregnancy lifestyle on the reproductive health of daughters.     

Monothiols and Vitamins are Ideal Therapeutic Agents for Mercury Elimination from Nervous and Non-Nervous Tissues of Fish

Use of mercury and its compounds in various industries and agriculture is increasing its concentration in aquatic environment and affecting the organisms living therein. Among these, the fishes are commercially important for humans as an important source of protein. The fish meat transfers good amount of mercury to man, therefore, its elimination is quit essential both from fishes and the consumers. As a step in this direction, the present study has been designed to detoxify the fishes from mercury. For this purpose a freshwater fish (Channa punctatus) was treated with mercuric chloride (0.5 ppm) for 96 h and thereafter, detoxicated with vitamin B complex, glutathione and N-acetyl-DL-homocysteine thiolactone used either alone or in various combinations for another 96 h. One group of 96-h mercury treated animals were kept in tap water and sacrificed after 192 h. This group was considered as mercury washed group and it served as control to all therapeutic groups. Mercury treated fish showed a highest concentration of the metal in kidney followed by liver, gills, brain and muscles. In mercury washed group, metal was removed significantly from all the non-nervous tissues, but in brain about 52% further increase was observed. The results obtained from theraputic studies were quite exciting as 50–80% mercury was mobilized from all tissues including brain within 96 h of treatment.