Effect of γ-irradiation on the occurrence of pathogenic microorganisms and nutritive value of four principal cereal grains

The effects of ⁶⁰Co γ-photon-irradiation on the natural occurrence of pathogenic microorganisms in four principal cereal grains and on amino acids and vitamins in these cereals were investigated. The total numbers of aerobic bacteria were reduced by three logarithmic decades when grains were given a dose of 10 kGy. Coliforms and “coagulase- positive” staphylococci were inhibited by a dose of 1 kGy, whereas fungi were inhibited by a dose of 5 kGy. The 15 kGy dose eliminated viable microorganisms in cereal grains, and about 10–30 colony-forming units of Clostridium sp. per gram of grain survived after this dose. The dose of 10 kGy did not cause any measurable destruction of total amino acids. Thiamin was reduced by 22–33% and riboflavin by 10–16% after a dose of 10 kGy. Irradiation did not increase the acid values significantly, but did increase the peroxide values, which was not accompanied by the off-odors of cereals. We conclude that the overall dose of 10 kGy is very effective for microbial decontamination of cereal grains, and does not adversely affect the nutritional quality of cereal grains.     

一所幼儿园学龄前儿童营养状况调查

对一所幼儿园50名儿童进行了营养调查,重点研究了蛋白质营养状况。蛋白质投入量及其产热量占总热量的比例与优质蛋白质所占比例均符合要求。血红蛋白正常者达98％,氨平衡试验结果为正氨平衡,说明蛋白质营养状态良好,我国现行的5～6岁儿童蛋白质供给量标准是适宜的。指出维生素A、核黄素、抗坏血酸及钙的摄入量不足。     

Aminoacid and vitamin body distribution: an additional use of the autographic method

Summary 200 m whole body sections of pre-treated laboratory animals were inoculated with vitamin- or aminoacid-dependent micro-organisms and incubated. Live micro-organisms are revealed by tetrazolium salts and furnish vitamin or aminoacid distribution maps. In particular methionine, cyanocobalamin and thiamine distribution is studied; to verify that maps record only these agents, specific antimetabolites were used (Friedrich's S-102 and -methyl-methionine) 1.The advantages of the method are that we obtain a general and comparative view in a single animal; in contrast to autoradiography the method is a biological one and gives information only of the active substances.     

Serum oxidative and antioxidant parameters in a group of Italian patients with age-related maculopathy

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to measure the oxidative and antioxidant biochemical parameters in the serum of Italian patients with age-related maculopathy (ARM) and in a similar age control group from the same area, in order to determine the weight of oxidative status as risk factor in the early stage of macular degeneration onwards. Design and methods: Forty-eight ARM patients (19 early and 29 late form) and 46 normal subjects, similar for age, sex and life-style, were studied. A series of serum and/or plasma antioxidants (vitamins C, E, A, total and individual carotenoids, zinc, total plasma antioxidant capacity—TRAP) and oxidative parameters (reactive oxygen metabolites—ROM, oxidized-low-density lipoprotein antibodies—anti-Ox-LDL) were evaluated in both groups, also with regard to age and disease stage. Results: Levels of vitamins C, E, total carotenoids and β-cryptoxanthine were lower in late ARM than in early ARM (p<0.05). Of the serum carotenoids investigated, only lycopene was lower in the two ARM forms than in controls (p<0.05). The main biochemical parameters, TRAP, zinc, anti-Ox-LDL and ROM were similar in the two groups. Conclusions: A deficit of antioxidants (vitamins C, E and carotenoids) seems to be associated with ARM in Italian patients, particularly the advanced form, it is also suggested that in ARM patients macular susceptibility to oxidative damage is not related with age.     

Dietary patterns and health-related quality of life in bladder cancer survivors

Purpose

A nutritious diet has been associated with better health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in a variety of cancer survivors. However, little is known about dietary habits and its association with HRQOL in bladder cancer survivors. The objective of this cross-sectional study is to describe dietary intake patterns and its relationship to HRQOL in a large cohort of bladder cancer survivors.

注射用多种维生素的发展现状及展望

目的 介绍注射用多种维生素的发展、特点及其国内外主要产品,为其临床应用及研发方向提供参考依据.方法 通过查阅相关文献资料,对不同厂家的注射用12种多种维生素分析比较,对其特点、药理作用、临床应用及质控方法进行阐述评价,并分析了今后发展方向.结果 与结论 注射用多种维生素作为胃肠外营养制剂具有重要的临床应用价值,上市产品质量可控,各具特点;其发展值得关注.     

小儿复方四维亚铁散治疗小儿厌食症的临床研究

目的 探讨小儿复方四维亚铁散对小儿厌食症的治疗效果及其对患儿血清淀粉酶（AMS）、胃泌素（Gas）水平的影响。方法 选取2012年1月-2013年12月在遂宁市中心医院门诊就诊的84例厌食症患儿为研究对象,根据随机数字表将患儿分为对照组和治疗组,每组各42例。对照组患儿口服葡萄糖酸锌口服液,6个月～1岁2.5 mL/次,1～3岁5 mL/次,3～5岁10 mL/次,5～8岁15 mL/次,3次/d。治疗组口服小儿复方四维亚铁散,〈1岁0.5包/次,1～3岁1包/次,4～6岁1.5包/次,7～12岁2包/次,1～2次/d。两组患者2周为1个疗程,均持续服用2个疗程。治疗后,观察两组患儿的疗效,并比较两组治疗前后体质量、体质量身高指数（BMI）、血红蛋白（Hb）、血清Zn、AMS、Gas水平的变化。结果 治疗组和对照组的总有效率分别为95.24%、76.19%,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。治疗后,两组患儿体质量、BMI、Hb、Zn、AMS、Gas水平均高于治疗前,且治疗组显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论 小儿复方四维亚铁散对小儿厌食症有较好的临床疗效,能有效增加患儿体质量和BMI,改善患儿贫血症状,值得临床推广应用。     

Estimated nutrient intakes and adequacies in Bangladesh change when newer values for vitamin A,iron and calcium in commonly consumed foods are applied

A food consumption survey was conducted in rural Bangladesh in January–March 1996 using a 24-h food weighing method. Intakes and adequacies of energy, vitamin A, vitamin C, iron and calcium were estimated for 81 children (aged 24–71 months) and 182 women (aged 18–45 years) using three sets of food composition tables. The local food composition table was modified with newer values for nutrient contents of foods identified as important for the contribution of vitamin A and iron. Significant differences in estimated dietary intakes and adequacies were found for vitamin A and iron when different sets of food composition values were used. This study shows that up-to-date chemical analyses of foods selected on the basis of a high frequency of consumption and a large contribution of the nutrients in focus is a useful approach in improving the quality of food composition tables, resulting in greater accuracy of estimates of nutrient intakes and adequacies.     

高龄产妇对早产儿养育及健康知识需求调查

目的　研究高龄产妇在养育早产儿过程中主要关注的内容及迫切需求的知识。方法　选取2018年6月至2019年10月来滨州医学院附属医院儿童保健科就诊并建立档案的高龄产妇早产儿356例作为研究对象,首次就诊早产儿月龄均在0～3月龄,采用现场询问记录方式对就诊早产儿的父母进行调查,并分析调查结果。结果　高龄产妇在照料早产儿过程中主要关注的内容及迫切需求的知识中,最多是日常护理措施、常见异常情况处理方法、维生素补充及营养素缺乏情况,占比分别为89.89%（320/356）、86.24%（307/356）、81.18%（289/356）。早期早产儿父母关注主要问题是用药指导、预防接种知识、大小便问题,占比分别为98.31%（58/59）、96.61%（57/59）、96.61%（57/59）;晚期早产儿父母主要关注日常护理措施、常见异常情况处理方法,占比分别为88.89%（264/297）、84.85%（252/297）。一胎父母主要关注内容是日常护理措施、母亲饮食注意情况、大小便问题,占比分别为95.45%（21/22）、86.36%（19/22）、86.36%（19/22）;二胎及以上父母主要关注日常护理措施、常见异常情况处理方法、维生素补充及营养素缺乏情况,占比分别为89.52%（299/334）、86.83%（290/334）、81.74%（273/334）。结论　高龄产妇在养育早产儿过程中主要关注的内容及知识需求迫切,早产儿周龄及胎次不同,需求知识有所不同,需要一套常规并有针对性的指导方案。     

血浆同型半胱氨酸水平与帕金森病相关研究

目的探讨血浆同型半胱氨酸（homocysteine,Hcy）水平与帕金森病（Parkinson＇s disease,PD）之间的相关性,观察B族维生素、恩他卡朋治疗左旋多巴诱导的高同型半胱氨酸血症的疗效。方法选择年龄及性别基本匹配的PD病例90例（未治疗的病例15例、非左旋多巴治疗的病例21例、左旋多巴治疗的病例54例）。体检健康老年人90例。检测PD患者、健康老年人的血浆同型半胱氨酸、维生素B12和叶酸水平。将左旋多巴治疗的PD病例采用随机数字表法随机分为3组,分别给予口服安慰剂、B族维生素（维生素B12 1 mg/d、叶酸500 ug/d）和恩他卡朋200 mg/d,检测三组用药前后的血浆Hcy水平。结果各组血浆Hcy水平差异有统计学意义（F=25.580,P=0.001）。PD患者血浆Hcy水平高于健康老年人组（P〈0.05）。左旋多巴治疗PD组血浆Hcy水平高于未治疗PD组和非左旋多巴胺治疗PD组（P〈0.05）。PD组叶酸水平低于健康老年人组（P〈0.05）。维生素B12、叶酸和恩他卡朋均能使左旋多巴治疗的PD患者血浆Hcy水平下降（P〈0.05）。相关分析显示,PD患者血浆Hcy水平与叶酸水平呈负相关（r=-0.425,P=0.000）。结论高同型半胱氨酸血症可能是帕金森病的危险因素之一,并与缺乏B族维生素和使用左旋多巴治疗有一定的联系。B族维生素、恩他卡朋可能降低左旋多巴引起的高同型半胱氨酸血症。