Proplan虚拟软件在正颌外科教学中的应用评价

目的: 利用Proplan虚拟软件构建正颌外科虚拟教学平台,以探索高效的正颌外科教学模式。方法: 选择福建医科大学普通本科口腔医学四年级学生100名,随机分为2组,每组50名。利用传统正颌外科教学法和Proplan虚拟软件教学法,分别对2组学生进行教学;设计正颌外科相关试卷测验2组学生,评估2组学生对正颌外科的了解程度;然后2组学生交换教学方法,对所有学生进行问卷调查,统计学生对2种教学方法的接受度。采用SPSS11.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果: 实验组测验得分为47.26±4.44,对照组为43.92±3.18,两组得分具有显著差异（P<0.01）。2组学生对正颌外科虚拟教学方法的接收程度也高于传统教学方法,差异具有显著性（P<0.05）。结论: Proplan虚拟软件教学提高了正颌外科教学效率,学生易于接受,值得推广。     

Augmented Reality Farm MAPPER Development: Lessons Learned from an App Designed to Improve Rural Emergency Response

Fire departments have right-of-entry to most commercial industrial sites and preemptively map them to identify the onsite resources and hazards they need to promptly and safely respond to an emergency event. This is not the case for private farms. Emergency responders are blind to resources and hazards prior to arrival and must spend critical minutes locating them during an emergency response at a farm location. The original 2013 Farm Mapping to Assist, Protect and Prepare Emergency Responders (Farm MAPPER) project was undertaken to develop a method to give emergency responders an up-to-date view of on-farm hazard information to safely and efficiently conduct emergency response activities on private agricultural operations. In 2017, an augmented reality version of Farm MAPPER was developed to combine the technological advantages of geographic information system-based data points with a heads-up display and graphical overlay of superimposed hazard imagery and informative icons. The development and testing of this iOS- and Android-ready prototype uncovered lessons learned applicable to other mobile-based apps targeting farmers, ranchers, and rural populations faced with limited or inconsistent mobile internet connectivity.     

Augmented reality guided condylectomy

An accurate transfer of a 3D virtual planned proportional condylectomy to the patient is challenging due to the limited surgical access. A new clinical workflow that uses augmented reality to assist a condylectomy is presented step-by-step. This AR-based approach has the potential to be implemented in the clinical setting routinely.     

Smoking a virtual cigarette increases craving among smokers

Previous studies have shown the efficacy of virtual reality (VR) environments that reproduce smoking-related stimuli for increasing self-reported craving and psychophysiological reactivity in smokers. However, no study to date has attempted to simulate smoking behavior itself by means of VR technology. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of smoking a virtual cigarette on self-reported craving levels and heart rate (HR) in a sample of smokers. Participants were 45 smokers randomly assigned to three VR conditions built into a virtual pub: smoking a virtual cigarette, throwing virtual darts at a virtual dartboard or just being in the virtual pub. Results showed that smoking a virtual cigarette significantly increased self-reported craving and HR when compared to the other two conditions. These results reveal that simulation of smoking behavior in a VR environment functions as an efficacious proximal cue that can be used for triggering craving under the cue-exposure paradigm.     

The Role of Computational Models of the Immune System in Designing Vaccination Strategies

Mathematical and computational models are designed to improve our understanding of biological phenomena, to confirm/reject hypotheses, and to find points of intervention by altering the behavior of the studied systems. Here we describe the role of mathematical/computational models of the immune system. In particular, we analyze some examples of how mathematical modeling can contribute to finding optimal vaccination strategies. Indeed, computational modeling offers an intriguing opportunity from the theoretical point of view, and it will be of interest for clinically oriented investigators who wish to find optimal therapeutic strategies and for pharmaceutical industries that want to produce effective and successful drugs.