Using video modeling on an iPad to teach generalized matching on a sorting mail task to adolescents with autism

Two multiple probe designs across three and four participants evaluated the effects of video modeling to teach a matching response (sorting mail) to seven adolescents with autism. Participants were instructed on one set of responses (five mail pieces) using video modeling, while concurrently monitoring two other sets for generalization effects. Results indicated that three participants learned their target set and generalized to the untrained sets, and two participants required an error correction procedure to achieve or approach mastery on their target set. Two participants did not acquire target sets with video based instruction. Data on setting generalization and maintenance are also provided for the participants who reached mastery. Participant variables that may relate to responding, limitations to the study, and directions for future research on video based instruction are discussed.     

电视胸腔镜手术治疗胸部肿瘤患者86例分析

目的 分析电视胸腔镜手术(Video Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery,VATS)在胸部肿瘤治疗中的效果.方法 通过回顾分析2010年2月～2011年6月,来我院就诊并行电视胸腔镜手术的86例罹患胸部肿瘤的患者的临床资料,探讨VATS的治疗效果.结果 本组行全胸腔镜手术80例,术中转胸腔镜辅助小切口手术6例,无手术死亡病例.本组患者中肺楔形切除32例,肺叶切除42例,纵隔肿瘤9例,胸膜活检加肺固定术3例.手术持续时间平均89 min,术中平均失血量149 ml,均未输血,术后仅8例出现并发症,患者术后平均住院时间为8 d.结论 电视胸腔镜手术在治疗胸部肿瘤时具有创伤小、痛苦轻、并发症少、恢复快等优点,具有较高的临床推广价值;一次性缝合材料配合完全性肺叶切除可达到开胸手术相同的治疗效果,但仍需继续积累相关手术经验.     

VATS胸腺扩大切除术治疗重症肌无力临床分析

目的评价电视胸腔镜(video-assistant thorascope,VATS)下胸腺扩大切除术治疗重症肌无力(myasthenia gravis,MG)的手术方法和效果。方法回顾性分析36例MG患者的临床资料,其中合并胸腺增生26例,胸腺瘤10例,均行VATS胸腺瘤、胸腺扩大切除术。根据临床Osserman分型:Ⅰ型3例,Ⅱa型22例,Ⅱb型8例,Ⅲ型3例。结果本组手术全部经胸腔镜完成,无中转开胸者。全组手术时间平均80(50~120)min,术中出血量平均80(10~150)ml,留置胸腔引流管1~3 d,引流量平均150(100~500)ml,6例未留置胸管者术后3 d经CT扫描估计胸液量均<200 ml。住院时间3~6 d,术后未出现进行性血胸,无肺及膈神经损伤,无肌无力危象、胆碱能危象发生,无围手术期死亡病例。术后病理:胸腺增生26例,A型胸腺瘤6例,B1型2例,B3型2例(WHO分型)。所有患者随访3~12个月,完全缓解6例(Ⅰ型2例、Ⅱa型4例),占16.7%;部分缓解28例(Ⅰ型1例、Ⅱa型18例、Ⅱb型7例、Ⅲ型2例),占77.8%;稳定2例(Ⅱb型1例、Ⅲ型1例),占5.6%。结论 MG患者行VATS胸腺瘤、胸腺扩大切除术安全、可行,效果理想。     

Early socio-communicative forms and functions in typical Rett syndrome

Rett syndrome (RTT) is a severe neurological disorder characterized by a developmental regression in motor and speech-language domains. There is, however, limited research on socio-communicative development of affected children before the onset of regression. We analyzed audio–video recordings made by parents of six 9- to 12-month old girls later diagnosed with typical RTT, applying the Inventory of Potential Communicative Acts (IPCA) to identify early communicative forms and functions. Each girl used at least one communicative form (e.g., body movement, eye gaze, or vocalizations) to gain attention and answer, but none were observed to make choices or request information. Varying numbers of children were observed to perform other communicative functions according to the IPCA including social convention, rejecting or requesting an object. Non-verbal forms (e.g., reaching, moving closer, eye contact, smiling) were more common than non-linguistic verbal forms (e.g., unspecified vocalizations, pleasure vocalizations, crying). (Pre-)linguistic verbal forms (e.g., canonical or variegated babbling, proto-words) were not used for communicative purposes. These data suggest that atypical developmental patterns in the socio-communicative domain are evident prior to regression in young individuals later diagnosed with RTT.     

18F－FDGPET／CT显像对颞叶癫痫灶定位的价值

目的探讨以18氟-2-脱氧葡萄糖为显影剂的正电子发射断层扫描／计算机断层成像（18F-FDGPET／CT）对颞叶癫痫（TLE）灶的定位价值。方法本研究回顾分析被确诊为TLE的24例患者的临床资料,将术前18F-FDGPET／CT、MRI、视频脑电图（VEEG）与术中颅内电极脑电图和术后病理学检查结果进行对比研究。结果24例TLE患者中,18F-FDGPET／CT准确定位致痫灶21例,MRI准确定位10例,VEEG准确定位10例。18F-FDGPET／CT对TLE致痫灶的敏感性为87．5％（21／24）,其中对内侧颢叶癫痫（MTLE）致痫灶为88．9％（16／18）,对外侧颞叶癫痫（LTLE）致痫灶为83．3％（5／6）。MRI对TLE致痫灶的敏感性为41．7％（10／24）,其中对MTLE致痫灶为55．5％（10／18）,对LTLE致痫灶为0。VEEG对TLE致痫灶的敏感性为41．7％（10／24）,其中对MTLE致痫灶为50．5％（9／18）,对LTLE致痫灶为16．7（1／6）。18F-FDGPET／CT对TLE（包括MTLE和LTME）致痫灶的敏感性均显著高于MRI和VEEG（P〈0．05）,而MRI和VEEG对TLE致痫灶的敏感性无显著差异（P〉0．05）。结论18F-FDGPET／CT对于TLE致痫灶定位具有独特的优势。     

可视软镜下导引型气管导管在颈椎手术中经口气管插管的效果北大核心CSCD

目的观察和比较可视软镜下导引型气管导管和加强型气管导管在颈椎手术患者中应用的效果。方法选择择期全身麻醉颈椎手术患者86例,男51例,女35例,年龄34~64岁,BMI 19~24 kg/m^(2),ASAⅡ或Ⅲ级。采用随机数字表法将患者分为三组:斜面不朝向患者头端组(NTH组,n=28)、斜面朝向患者头端组(TH组,n=29)和导引型气管导管组(GT组,n=29)。NTH组和TH组患者采用加强型气管导管,NTH组导管斜面朝向患者头端,TH组导管斜面不朝向患者头端,GT组患者采用无斜面的导引型气管导管。记录气管插管时间、置管时间、置管次数、插管过程中低氧血症例数和置管难度分级;记录首次置管成功例数和低氧血症发生率;记录术后吞咽困难、咽喉疼痛和声音嘶哑发生情况。结果TH组和GT组插管时间、置管时间明显短于NTH组(P<0.05),置管次数明显少于NTH组(P<0.05),首次置管成功率明显高于NTH组(P<0.05),置管难度明显低于NTH组(P<0.05),吞咽困难、咽喉疼痛、声音嘶哑发生率明显低于NTH组(P<0.05)。GT组置管难度明显低于TH组(P<0.05)。三组低氧血症发生率差异无统计学意义。结论可视软镜引导下颈椎手术患者经口气管插管,采用气管导管斜面朝向患者头端和导引型气管导管,置管更快速、高效,术后并发症发生率低。使用导引型气管导管置管操作更简单、难度更低。