Anterior cruciate ligament injury about 20 years post‐treatment: A kinematic analysis of one‐leg hop

Reduced dynamic knee stability, often evaluated with one‐leg hops (OLHs), is reported after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. This may lead to long‐standing altered movement patterns, which are less investigated. 3D kinematics during OLH were explored in 70 persons 23 ± 2 years after ACL injury; 33 were treated with physiotherapy in combination with ACL reconstruction (ACL_R) and 37 with physiotherapy alone (ACL_PT). Comparisons were made to 33 matched controls. We analyzed (a) maximal knee joint angles and range of motion (flexion, abduction, rotation); (b) medio‐lateral position of the center of mass (COM) in relation to knee and ankle joint centers, during take‐off and landing phases. Unlike controls, ACL‐injured displayed leg asymmetries: less knee flexion and less internal rotation at take‐off and landing and more lateral COM related to knee and ankle joint of the injured leg at landing. Compared to controls, ACL_R had larger external rotation of the injured leg at landing. ACL_PT showed less knee flexion and larger external rotation at take‐off and landing, and larger knee abduction at Landing. COM was more medial in relation to the knee at take‐off and less laterally placed relative to the ankle at landing. ACL injury results in long‐term kinematic alterations during OLH, which are less evident for ACL_R.     

Reasoning About Cultural and Genetic Transmission: Developmental and Cross-Cultural Evidence From Peru,Fiji, and the United States on How People Make Inferences About Trait Transmission

Using samples from three diverse populations, we test evolutionary hypotheses regarding how people reason about the inheritance of various traits. First, we provide a framework for differentiat-ing the outputs of mechanisms that evolved for reasoning about variation within and between (a) biological taxa and (b) culturally evolved ethnic categories from (c) a broader set of beliefs and categories that are the outputs of structured learning mechanisms. Second, we describe the results of a modified “switched-at-birth” vignette study that we administered among children and adults in Puno (Peru), Yasawa (Fiji), and adults in the United States. This protocol permits us to study perceptions of prenatal and social transmission pathways for various traits and to differentiate the latter into vertical (i.e., parental) versus horizontal (i.e., peer) cultural influence. These lines of evidence suggest that people use all three mechanisms to reason about the distribution of traits in the population. Participants at all three sites develop expectations that morphological traits are under prenatal influence, and that belief traits are more culturally influenced. On the other hand, each population holds culturally specific beliefs about the degree of social influence on non-morphological traits and about the degree of vertical transmission—with only participants in the United States expecting parents to have much social influence over their children. We reinterpret people's differentiation of trait transmission pathways in light of humans' evolutionary history as a cultural species.     

3种垂直骨面型错(牙合)上下颌中切牙区牙槽骨形态锥形束CT分析

目的 利用锥形束CT(conebeam computed tomograph,CBCT)比较高角、均角、低角型错验患者上下颌中切牙牙槽骨形态的差异,探讨切牙牙槽骨形态与垂直骨面型间的关系.方法 将88例符合纳入标准的患者按FMA角大小分成高角组、均角组、低角组,CBCT扫描后,对其上下颌中切牙牙槽唇舌(腭)侧牙槽骨厚度、牙根移动范围等指标进行分析,并比较3组间差异.结果 上颌中切牙高角组腭侧牙槽骨厚度[右(5.19 ±0.66) mm,左(6.40±1.35 mm)]及牙槽骨总厚度[(右(7.77 ±1.94) mm,左(8.53±1.44)mm)]分别小于低角组腭侧牙槽骨厚度[右(8.98 ±0.66) mm,左(7.79±1.12) mm]及牙槽骨总厚度[右(10.83 ±1.58) mm,左(10.30±1.79) mm] (P ＜0.01);下颌切牙高角组唇侧牙槽骨厚度[右(2.10±0.47) mm,左(2.59±0.70) mm]以及总牙槽骨厚度[右(6.17±1.34) mm,左(6.51 ±1.69) mm]分别小于低角组唇侧牙槽骨厚度[右(5.18±1.01) mm,左(4.64±1.06) mm]以及总牙槽骨厚度[右(9.12±1.53) mm,左(8.63±1.43) mm](P＜0.01).结论 高角组错验上下颌中切牙牙槽骨厚度较小,牙根移动范围较窄.低角组错验上下颌中切牙牙槽骨厚度较大,牙根移动范围较大.     

不同垂直骨面型成人下切牙区牙槽骨形态特征的CBCT研究

目的：比较不同垂直骨面型下前牙区牙槽骨形态特征,并初步探讨年龄对牙槽骨形态的影响。方法选取未行正畸治疗的100例患者的CBCT资料,根据患者垂直骨面型进行分组,组内再根据年龄分为青年组及中年组。应用Simplant软件进行下切牙区牙槽骨形态分析,并使用SPSS软件进行数据处理。比较各类骨面型下前牙区骨形态以及年龄对牙槽骨形态的影响。结果下切牙区牙槽骨形态及下切牙倾斜度在不同垂直骨面型间存在统计学差异,增龄也会对牙槽骨形态造成影响。高角组的唇舌侧牙槽骨高度较低,骨厚度较小,下切牙较舌倾。结论不同垂直骨面型之间下切牙区牙槽骨形态存在差异,提醒在正畸矫治设计时予以注意。     

Phylogenetic Analyses of HBV Pre-S/S Genes in Mother-Child Pairs with Long-Term Infection by Presumed Vertical Transmission

Vertical transmission from mother to child, the main route of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in the East Asia, is considered one of the most important predictors for the response to antiviral therapies as well as its complications such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Therefore, it is critical in both etiologic and prognostic aspects to confirm whether or not chronic HBV infection is acquired vertically. This study investigated whether mother-to-child infection could be proved by the phylogenetic analyses of HBV pre-S/S genes ever since several decades have elapsed in mother-child pairs with presumed vertical transmission. The pre-S and S regions of HBVs were compared and analyzed phylogenetically in a total of 36 adults (18 mother-child pairs) with chronic HBV infection. All of the isolates of HBV were genotype C and serotype adr. The divergence between mothers and offsprings was 0 to 1.5%. Phylogenetic trees revealed that 17 of 18 pairs (94%) with presumed vertical transmission were grouped into the same cluster. Vertical transmission from mother to child could be strongly suggested even in adults with a history of several decades of HBV infection using the phylogenetic analyses of pre-S and S genes.

Graphical Abstract

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成人不同垂直骨面型颧牙槽嵴区骨皮质密度分析

目的 通过三维重建技术对成人颧牙槽嵴区骨皮质密度进行测量分析,比较不同骨面型间颧牙槽嵴区骨皮质密度以及不同位点间骨皮质密度的差异。方法 选取成人患者螺旋 CT 图像60例（男28例,女32例）进行三维重建,根据下颌平面角( FH-MP) 的大小分为低角、均角、高角3组,分别测量上颌左侧颧牙槽嵴区不同层面基准线上方13、15、17 mm处的骨皮质密度,采用 SPSS 17.0软件包进行数据分析。结果 颧牙槽嵴区骨密度在性别之间无统计学差异;在不同垂直骨面型间存在统计学差异（P<0.05),其中,低角组[(1331.65±185.70) HU]的骨密度最高,高角组[(1245.62±207.63) HU]最低;在不同垂直骨面型组的不同位点之间骨密度存在统计学差异（P<0.05),各组骨密度的集中区域是,高角组位于第一磨牙近中颊根层面,均角组位于近、远中颊根之间,低角组位于第一磨牙远中颊根层面。结论 成人不同垂直骨面型间颧牙槽嵴区骨皮质的密度以及位点分布存在显著差异,该研究为成人选择微种植支抗钉的适宜部位,保证正畸治疗中支抗钉的稳定性提供了参考依据。     

Three-dimensional study of the upper airway in different skeletal Class II malocclusion patterns

Objectives:To characterize upper airway volume and morphology in patients with different skeletal patterns of Class II malocclusion compared to Class I.Materials and Methods:A total of 197 individuals who had cone-beam computed tomography were allocated into groups according to ANB, SNA, and SNB angles (Class I, Class II maxillary protrusion, Class II mandibular retrusion), each subdivided into hypodivergent, normal, and hyperdivergent. Nasopharynx (NP), oropharynx (OP), and hypopharynx (HP) were assessed with three-dimensional image reconstruction software.Results:Intergroup comparison did not detect significant differences in volume and morphology of NP, OP, and HP. The males displayed larger OP and HP volume than the females. Positive correlations between age and NP, OP, HP volume and between craniocervical angle and OP and HP volume were observed. Linear regression analysis detected a tendency for OP and HP volume to increase as maxillary and mandibular length increased.Conclusions:Upper airway volume and morphology were similar in different skeletal patterns of Class II malocclusion. Actual upper and lower jaw lengths were more closely related to upper airway volume and morphology than the angles that reflected their position relative to the cranial base.     

垂直半褥式缝合甲沟重建术结合改良嵌甲切除术对嵌甲性甲沟炎患者愈合时间及复发率的影响

目的 探究垂直半褥式缝合甲沟重建术结合改良嵌甲切除术对嵌甲性甲沟炎患者愈合时间及复发率的影响。方法 选择2016年3月至2018年3月于我院就诊的嵌甲性甲沟炎患者64例,随机分为对照组和观察组各32例,对照组患者采用部分或全拔甲术治疗,观察组患者采用垂直半褥式缝合甲沟重建术结合改良嵌甲切除术治疗,观察两组患者治疗效果,统计患者愈合时间及复发率。结果 治疗前,两组患者均出现较严重的疼痛症状,疼痛VAS评分比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,经手术治疗后,两组患者在术后3d、7d疼痛症状显著减轻,疼痛VAS均显著下降,且观察组疼痛VAS评分显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）;对照组患者伤口感染率显著高于观察组患者的伤口感染率（P＜0.05）,治疗后,两组患者伤口愈合平均时间比较差异显著,对照组显著长于观察组（P＜0.05）;观察组患者治愈率显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）;观察组患者满意度VAS评分显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）;观察组患者再次发生嵌甲性甲沟炎的复发率显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 垂直半褥式缝合甲沟重建术结合改良嵌甲切除术对嵌甲性甲沟炎患者治疗疗效显著,缩短术后愈合时间,降低了复发率,值得临床推广应用。