Endovascular Treatment of Vertebral Artery Dissecting Aneurysms That Cause Subarachnoid Hemorrhage : Consideration of Therapeutic Approaches Relevant to the Angioarchitecture

Objective

Intracranial ruptured vertebral artery dissecting aneurysms (VADAns) are associated with high morbidity and mortality when left untreated due to the high likelihood of rebleeding. The present study aimed to establish an endovascular therapeutic strategy that focuses specifically on the angioarchitecture of ruptured VADAns.

Methods

Twenty-three patients with ruptured VADAn received endovascular treatment (EVT) over 7 years. The patient group included 14 women (60.9%) and 9 men (39.1%) between the ages of 39 and 72 years (mean age 54.2 years). Clinical data and radiologic findings were retrospectively analyzed.

Results

Four patients had aneurysms on the dominant vertebral artery. Fourteen (61%) aneurysms were located distal to the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA). Six (26%) patients had an extracranial origin of the PICA on the ruptured VA, and 2 patients (9%) had bilateral VADAns. Eighteen patients (78%) were treated with internal coil trapping. Two patients (9%) required an adjunctive bypass procedure. Seven patients (30%) required stent-supported endovascular procedures. Two patients experienced intra-procedural rupture during EVT, one of which was associated with a focal medullary infarction. Two patients (9%) exhibited recanalization of the VADAn during follow-up, which required additional coiling. No recurrent hemorrhage was observed during the follow-up period.

Conclusion

EVT of ruptured VADAns based on angioarchitecture is a feasible and effective armamentarium to prevent fatal hemorrhage recurrence with an acceptable low risk of procedural complications. Clinical outcomes depend mainly on the pre-procedural clinical state of the patient. Radiologic follow-up is necessary to prevent hemorrhage recurrence after EVT.     

单侧通道椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松脊柱压缩性骨折

目的探讨单侧通道椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松脊柱压缩性骨折的临床效果。方法选择2012-01—2012-12间收治的骨质疏松脊柱压缩性骨折患者42例,行单侧通道椎体后凸成形术,观察患者的治疗效果及疼痛评分等指标。结果患者治疗后椎体高度(26.94±12.35)mm,显著优于治疗前(15.23±5.32)mm,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后疼痛评分(1.01±0.21)分,明显低于治疗前(7.64±1.34)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。患者出院后随访6~12个月,平均8.7个月,42例患者未发生感染及血管栓塞等并发症,术后3 d下床活动,7 d后出院。1 a后复查,患者骨水泥充盈良好。结论骨质疏松脊柱压缩性骨折采用单侧通道椎体后凸成形术治疗,疗效可靠,值得临床推广。     

经皮椎体成形术治疗新鲜骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折

目的探讨经皮椎体成形术(percutaneous vertebroplasty,PVP)治疗新鲜骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的疗效。方法 2011年1月~2012年12月共治疗骨质疏松性单椎体压缩骨折38例,其中男7例,女31例;年龄55~80岁(平均65.1岁)。患者取俯卧位局麻下行单侧穿刺PVP。测量椎体高度的恢复情况和后凸角改善情况,视觉模拟量表(visual analogue scale,VAS)评分评价疼痛缓解程度,活动能力评分检测活动改善情况,并对并发症进行分析。结果所有手术均顺利完成,每个椎体平均填充骨水泥3.5 m L。随访时间均12个月。椎体前壁高度由术前(19.2±5.7)mm改善至术后(20.0±5.7)mm,椎体中间高度由术前(19.2±5.1)mm改善至术后(20.2±5.0)mm,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);椎体后壁高度和Cobb角术前与术后相比,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);VAS评分术前8.3±1.1,术后12个月时为1.1±0.6,术前、术后差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。活动能力评分术前3.1±0.9,术后12个月时为1.1±0.3,术前、术后差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。骨水泥渗漏9例。结论 PVP可有效治疗新鲜骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折,创伤小,减轻疼痛,改善功能,无重大并发症。     

椎体后凸成形技术与微创经皮椎弓根钉技术治疗胸腰段椎体压缩骨折的对比研究

目的 比较经皮椎体后凸成形术(PKP)和微创内固定术的疗效,为治疗单纯性胸腰段椎体压缩骨折选择手术方案提供临床依据.方法 行PKP及微创内固定手术治疗单纯胸腰段椎体压缩骨折59例.PKP组31例,微创内固定术组28例.记录59例术前术后视觉模拟评分法疼痛评分(VAS)、伤椎前缘高度、Cobb角及伤椎高度恢复率.结果 PKP组及微创内固定组在术后VAS评分、Cobb角、伤椎高度、椎体高度恢复率观测指标中,2组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 PKP术后止痛效果优于微创内固定组,微创内固定在矫正脊柱后凸畸形及恢复伤椎前缘高度效果上优于PKP组.     

伤椎内植骨联合骨水泥强化治疗重度骨质疏松椎体压缩骨折初步疗效观察

目的 探讨椎内植骨联合骨水泥强化治疗重度骨质疏松椎体压缩骨折(SVCF)的初步疗效.方法 对非植骨组(30例)和植骨组(19例)患者手术前后疼痛程度、病变椎体前缘高度、Cobb角,以及骨水泥渗漏、邻近椎体骨折等并发症情况进行观察,并进行统计分析.结果 无肺栓塞及神经并发症发生,2组患者疼痛均明显缓解,伤椎高度和Cobb角矫正较术前明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).随访2～5年,平均3年2个月,骨水泥渗漏非植骨组5例,植骨组1例,邻近椎体再骨折非植骨组4例,植骨组1例.2组在骨水泥渗漏率、邻近椎体骨折发生率方面比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 椎内植骨联合骨水泥强化在降低骨水泥渗漏、邻近椎体骨折发生率上具有优势,是一种较理想的治疗方法.     

胸腰椎骨折经椎弓根椎体内植骨术后伤椎愈合情况的对比

目的研究胸腰椎骨折经椎弓根植骨术后伤椎愈合的方式及影响因素。方法本次研究纳入自2011-01-2013-01诊治的74例具有完整随访结果的患者,采用经椎弓根植骨36例,同期未经椎弓根植骨38例。依据脊柱骨折负荷分享分级、笔者设计的椎体轴位9分区法明确骨折损伤程度、骨折复位及伤椎植骨情况、骨折愈合及伤椎植骨愈合情况。结果术后随访16~24个月,平均20个月。未植骨组:术后1年随访时椎体内各区形成空洞总计21.1%。植骨组:术后1年随访时椎体内各区形成空洞总计24.1%。结论胸腰椎骨折后伤椎经椎弓根植骨术中可撬拨复位塌陷及碎裂的上终板,减少髓核组织的突入发生,形成椎体内有效的可填充空腔,便于椎体内充分植骨,形成利于骨细胞爬行替代的框架结构,减少晚期上终板的塌陷及椎体内空洞的形成。