Unusual fractures and dislocations of the axis vertebra

Seven percent of 400 patients with cervical spine fractures and/or dislocations had unusual lesions of the axis. The authors have analyzed axis injuries by review of radiographs and clinical data and have derived a classification of traumatic conditions. Uncommon traumatic axis abnormalities are discussed with reference to incidence, causes, clinical findings, mechanism of injury, and roentgen characteristics.Picker Scholar, James Picker Foundation     

Reference Data of Vertebral Morphometry by X-ray Absorptiometry (MXA) in Argentine Women

Anterior, middle, and posterior heights and A/P and M/P ratios were determined from T5 to L4 in 111 normal Caucasian Argentine women from 20 to 70 years of age using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) densitometry (Expert XL). Scanning time was less than 1 minute and the semiautomatic analysis requires ∼5 minutes. The precision error for the measurements ranged from 2.2% to 4.6%. The absolute precision error for heights was 0.6 mm. The vertebral bodies tended to be significantly larger in younger women than older women, especially for anterior and middle heights and the A/P and M/P ratios of the mid-thoracic vertebrae (T6–T10). There were no significant differences between pre- and postmenopausal women in the lumbar vertebral heights. It does not appear that this was a cohort effect because stature was identical in both age groups, and there was no age difference in posterior height. The Expert-XL software normalized the vertebral height based on the average height of the L2-L4 segment in order to minimize the influence of interindividual variation of body size. The average Z-scores for vertebral heights and ratios provided by the software were close to zero indicating that the normalization procedure appropriately corrected for smaller stature in Argentine women. Consequently, the reference values for morphometry X-ray absorptiometry (MXA) were appropriate for our population. In summary, we found that (1) in ``normal' women the anterior heights of the thoracic vertebrae (and therefore the A/P ratio) were higher in premenopausal than in postmenopausal women; and (2) the normalization approach corrected for differences of vertebral height and allowed utilization of the manufacturers software in our population. Received: 28 June 1999 / Accepted: 2 November 1999     

The relationship between phalangeal bone density and vertebral deformities

Radiographic absorptiometry (RA) of the phalanges is a convenient and reliable technique for measuring bone mineral density (BMD). It needs only a radiograph of the hand, which can be sent for evaluation to a central facility, whereas other techniques require specialized equipment. We assessed the relationship between RA measurements and the presence of vertebral deformities in a population-based cohort of postmenopausal women, and to compare the results with simultaneously obtained BMD of the hip by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). A total of 389 women aged 55–84 (mean age 67.2 years, SD 8.7) were randomly selected from a large general practice. RA, DXA of the hip, and vertebral deformities in the lateral spine X-rays by vertebral morphometry were assessed. Thirty-eight women (9.8%) had severe (grade II) vertebral deformities, and their BMD at the phalanges and femoral neck was significantly lower than that of women without severe vertebral deformities. Odds ratios for the presence of severe vertebral deformities of 1.5 (95% CI: 1.1–2.1) for RA and 1.3 (95% CI: 0.9–1.9) for DXA, together with similar receiver operating characteristics curves, were found using age-adjusted logistic regression. Phalangeal BMD is related to vertebral deformities at least as closely as BMD of the femoral neck BMD. RA may therefore help to evaluate fracture risk, especially if no DXA equipment is available. Received: 21 July 1998 / Accepted: 1 July 1999     

脊椎血管瘤手术后复发放射治疗疗效观察(附6例报告)

目的 探讨脊椎血管瘤手术后复发放射治疗疗效和适宜剂量。方法 1968—1992年间共收治手术后复发的有症状的脊椎血管瘤6例，中位年龄28岁。病灶在胸椎5例，腰椎1例。4例有病灶局部疼痛合并不完全性截瘫，2例为局部疼痛合并下肢麻木无力。采用^60Co和8MV—X线照射治疗，总剂量范围30-60Gy，平均40Gy。结果 所有接受放疗的患均获得良好的远期效果，4例不完全截瘫患中3例基本恢复，1例完全恢复，另外2例原有的下肢麻木症状消失，但影像学检查均无明显改变。结论 放射治疗对手术后复发的脊椎血管瘤是安全有效的，剂量以36—40Gy为宜。但放射治疗起效比较慢，且影像学改变不明显，所以应以远期症状改善率作为评价放射治疗效果的标准。     

33例椎-基底动脉瘤的临床观察

目的：探讨椎－基底动脉瘤治疗方法与预后关系。材料与方法：报告３３例椎－基底动脉瘤。动脉瘤破裂致ＳＡＨ１８例，动脉瘤直径从５ｍｍ到４５ｍｍ。其中９例行保守治疗。直接手术治疗中，９例夹闭术，２例瘤壁加固术。１３例行血管内栓塞治疗。结果：９例保守治疗中３例因再次出血死亡。１１例直接手术均痊愈。１３例血管内栓塞治疗后１～３个月后复查造影，闭塞率＞８０％者１２例。结论：椎－基底动脉瘤积极手术治疗可降低死亡率，依动脉瘤部位与大小采用不同手术入路至关重要，血管内栓塞治疗适于直接手术难以达到者，疗效肯定。     

椎板开窗手术治疗腰椎间盘突出症108例分析

目的　探讨椎板开窗法摘除髓核治疗腰椎间盘突出症的可行性及其手术操作要点。方法　对10 8例腰椎间盘突出症行椎板开窗法摘除髓核术并对疗效作出评价。结果　采用椎板开窗法摘除髓核术治疗腰椎间盘突出症 ,疗效优良达 97%。结论　本术式具有操作简便、损伤小、出血少、病人恢复快等优点 ,值得临床推广。     

唑来膦酸钠对高转换患者椎体成形术后椎体再骨折发生率影响因素的相关性分析

目的分析高转换患者椎体成形术后应用唑来膦酸钠降低骨质疏松性椎体再骨折发生状况,并探讨再骨折发生率与骨转换指标、骨密度、疼痛、生活质量四者之间的相关性。方法选取2012年7月至2014年10月于我院行椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折的282名女性患者,治疗组于术后3 d开始在口服阿法迪三及钙尔奇D的基础上静脉点滴唑来膦酸钠,(阿法迪三和钙尔奇D用三个月,停半个月),共160名,脱落5名;对照组于术后3 d开始口服阿法迪三及钙尔奇D抗骨质疏松基础治疗,共122名,脱落7名;术前3 d行骨密度测定、抽血检测β-胶原特殊序列(β-CTx)和总Ⅰ型胶原氨基酸延长肽(t-P1NP)、为了避免由于手术时机不同而导致患者临床症状缓解不佳对调查结果的影响,术后1周后进行VAS评分及生活质量SF-36评分;于术后1年、2年回访记录患者唑来膦酸钠使用次数及再发椎体骨折情况,并再次行骨密度测定、血清检验骨转换指标、疼痛VAS、SF-36评估,统计数据并运用统计学SPSS17.0软件分析,椎体成形术后应用唑来膦酸钠对骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折患者再骨折、骨代谢、骨密度、疼痛、生活质量的影响,并探讨它们之间的相关性。结果实验中共脱落12名,8名出现骨水泥泄露、4名再次骨折后行椎体成形术;治疗组中连续两年口服阿法迪三和钙尔奇D并使用唑来膦酸钠治疗者64例,为治疗A组;第2年由于静滴唑来膦酸钠出现肌痛,关节不适,费用等原因只口服阿法迪三和钙尔奇D而未继续使用唑来膦酸钠者91例,为治疗B组;再骨折发生率,对照组术后1年内椎体再骨折12例,骨折率10.43%,治疗A组再骨折6例,骨折率降为9.38%,治疗B组再骨折8例,骨折率为8.79%,经卡方试验分析,治疗组间差异无统计学意义,P0.05,而治疗组与对照组间差异有统计学意义,P0.05;第2年内治疗A组发生椎体再骨折4例,骨折率6.25%,治疗B组再骨折9例,骨折率9.89%,两组比较A组可显著降低骨折发生,P0.05;对照组再骨折12例,骨折率10.43%,治疗B组与对照组比较,治疗B组可显著降低骨折;组间自身比较,治疗A组在第2年内降低骨折3.13%,治疗B组增加骨折1.10%。于骨转换指标,t-P1NP在实验各组中均无显著差异,均P0.05;而β-CTx在1、2年后治疗组相较对照组均能显著降低;骨密度1年后治疗A组可提高1.61%,治疗B组可提高1.29%,对照组提高0.32%,两治疗组差异无统计学意义,P0.05,治疗组与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义,P0.05;2年后,治疗A组骨密度可增加3.53%,治疗B组增加1.61%,对照组提高0.64%,治疗组间比较骨密度的提高差异存在统计学意义,P0.05,治疗B组与对照组比较,差异亦存在统计学意义,P0.05。疼痛VAS评分及生活质量SF-36评分在1、2年后治疗组与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义,P0.05。结论椎体成形术后应用唑来膦酸钠能降低骨折发生率、提高骨密度、降低骨转换率、缓解疼痛、提高生活质量,连续使用疗效更佳;降低骨折发生率、提高骨密度在观察时间上有相关性,可能是通过降低骨转换率、提高骨密度而降低骨折的发生,从而缓解疼痛、逐步提高生活质量。     

葛根素联合纳洛酮治疗椎基底动脉供血不足随机平行对照研究

[目的]观察葛根素联合纳洛酮治疗椎基底动脉供血不足疗效。[方法]使用随机平行对照方法,将40例住院患者按随机数字表法随机分为两组。对照组20例口服阿司匹林,0.4mg/次,3次/d。治疗组20例葛根素,0.4mg/次,1次/d,静滴;纳洛酮,0.8mg/次,1次/d,静滴。均连续治疗20d为1疗程。观测临床症状、体征、不良反应。连续治疗2疗程,判定疗效。[结果]治疗后,治疗组痊愈10例,显效5例,有效2例,无效1例,总有效率95.00%。对照组痊愈8例,显效4例,有效1例,无效7例,总有效率65.0%。治疗组疗效优于对照组(P0.05)。[结论]葛根素联合纳洛酮治疗椎基底动脉供血不足效果显著,值得推广。