PFNA与股骨近端锁定钢板治疗股骨粗隆间骨折疗效分析

目的：分析比较股骨近端防旋髓内钉（PFNA）与股骨近端锁定钢板（PFLP）两种方法治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效。方法：回顾性分析我院2010年9月－2013年9月收治的股骨粗隆间骨折52例,27例行PFNA 内固定治疗,25例行PFLP治疗,分别进行平均（15．3±2．1）个月随访,观察比较两组的手术时间、出血量、负重时间、Harris评分及优良率。结果：PFNA组手术时间、出血量、负重时间与 PFLP组比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）,Harris评分及优良率两组比较差异无统计学意义。结论：PFNA与PFLP治疗股骨粗隆间骨折都能达到较好效果,选择上主要看操作者更熟悉使用哪种内固定方式。     

Association between alcohol consumption and both osteoporotic fracture and bone density

Objective

Alcoholism is a risk factor for osteoporotic fractures and low bone density, but the effects of moderate alcohol consumption on bone are unknown. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the associations between alcohol consumption and osteoporotic fractures, bone density and bone density loss over time, bone response to estrogen replacement, and bone remodeling.

Methods

MEDLINE, Current Contents, PsychINFO, and Cochrane Libraries were searched for studies published before May 14, 2007. We assessed quality using the internal validity criteria of the US Preventive Services Task Force.

Results

We pooled effect sizes for 2 specific outcomes (hip fracture and bone density) and synthesized data qualitatively for 4 outcomes (non-hip fracture, bone density loss over time, bone response to estrogen replacement, and bone remodeling). Compared with abstainers, persons consuming from more than 0.5 to 1.0 drinks per day had lower hip fracture risk (relative risk = 0.80 [95% confidence interval, 0.71-0.91]), and persons consuming more than 2 drinks per day had higher risk (relative risk = 1.39 [95% confidence interval, 1.08-1.79]). A linear relationship existed between femoral neck bone density and alcohol consumption. Because studies often combined moderate and heavier drinkers in a single category, we could not assess relative associations between alcohol consumption and bone density in moderate compared with heavy drinkers.

Conclusion

Compared with abstainers and heavier drinkers, persons who consume 0.5 to 1.0 drink per day have a lower risk of hip fracture. Although available evidence suggests a favorable effect of alcohol consumption on bone density, a precise range of beneficial alcohol consumption cannot be determined.     

How to manage osteoporosis after the menopause

Many women seek advice about bone health at the time of the menopause. Although fracture probability is low in the majority, treatment may be cost-effective if targeted at those at highest risk. Optimal selection of individuals for intervention is based on a case-finding approach, fracture probability being estimated using a combination of bone mineral density and clinical risk factors. A variety of therapeutic interventions is available for the prevention of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is a second-line option in most, although it has a place in the management of perimenopausal women with menopausal symptoms who are at risk from fracture and in other postmenopausal women who express a preference for HRT over other options, after being fully informed about known risks and benefits.     

CT CARE kV低管电压扫描联合CPR技术术前评估面神经管骨折

目的 探讨智能最佳管电压(CARE kV)低剂量CT扫描及CPR技术在术前评估面神经管骨折中的价值。方法 收集头部外伤伴单侧面瘫患者,采用CARE kV技术进行颞骨HRCT扫描,按就诊先后分4组:A组108例(CARE kV On),管电压120 kVp,B~D组分别为114、105、109例(CARE kV Semi),管电压分别为120 kVp、100 kVp、80 kVp;观察CPR图像面神经管,比较4组患者面神经管骨折发生率、发生部位并与手术结果对照;比较4组间图像质量客观评价指标,包括CT值、噪声(SD)、SNR、CNR及辐射剂量参数[容积CT剂量指数(CTDIvol)、剂量长度乘积(DLP)、有效剂量(ED)]。结果 共纳入436例患者,面神经管骨折174例(174/436,39.91%)。A~D组骨折发生率分别为43.52%(47/108)、39.47%(45/114)、37.14%(39/105)、39.45%(43/109);术前HRCT诊断面神经管骨折与手术结果具有较好的一致性(Kappa>0.5);膝状窝骨折发生率最高(100/174,57.47%),迷路段最低(5/174,2.87%)。A~D组SD、SNR、CNR差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两两比较除A、B组外余各组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05);A~D组CTDIvol、DLP、ED、有效电流差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),经两两比较除A、B组外余各组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论 CARE kV联合CPR术前能够准确评估面神经管骨折情况,并可在满足诊断的前提下降低辐射剂量。     

Liver Function Parameters in Hip Fracture Patients: Relations to Age,Adipokines, Comorbidities and Outcomes

Aim: To asses liver markers in older patients with hip fracture (HF) in relation to age, comorbidities, metabolic characteristics and short-term outcomes.Methods: In 294 patients with HF (mean age 82.0±7.9 years, 72.1% women) serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gammaglutamyltransferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), albumin, bilirubin, 25(OH)vitaminD, PTH, calcium, phosphate, magnesium, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, thyroid function and cardiac troponin I were measured.Results: Elevated ALT, GGT, ALP or bilirubin levels on admission were observed in 1.7% - 9.9% of patients. With age GGT, ALT and leptin decrease, while PTH and adiponectin concentrations increase. Higher GGT (>30U/L, median level) was associated with coronary artery disease (CAD), diabetes mellitus (DM), and alcohol overuse; lower ALT (≤20U/L, median level) with dementia; total bilirubin >20μmol/L with CAD and alcohol overuse; and albumin >33g/L with CAD. Multivariate adjusted regression analyses revealed ALT, ALP, adiponectin, alcohol overuse and DM as independent and significant determinants of GGT (as continuous or categorical variable); GGT for each other liver marker; and PTH for adiponectin. The risk of prolonged hospital stay (>20 days) was about two times higher in patients with GGT>30U/L or adiponectin >17.14 ng/L (median level) and 4.7 times higher if both conditions coexisted. The risk of in-hospital death was 3 times higher if albumin was <33g/L.Conclusions: In older HF patients liver markers even within the normal range are associated with age-related disorders and outcomes. Adiponectin (but not 25(OH)vitaminD, PTH, leptin or resistin) is an independent contributor to higher GGT. Serum GGT and albumin predict prolonged hospital stay and in-hospital death, respectively. A unifying hypothesis of the findings presented.     

下颌下入路手术治疗Hangman骨折的解剖与临床应用

目的：探讨下颌下入路手术的解剖要点及其治疗Hangman骨折的临床疗效。方法对5具成人新鲜尸体标本下颌下区的重要血管和神经进行解剖观察,并测量舌下神经与喉上神经内侧支之间纵向的最短距离;其中男3具、女2具,年龄39~62岁,均排除颈椎相关疾病病史。回顾分析2006年12月—2012年1月第二军医大学附属长征医院脊柱外科采用下颌下入路手术治疗21例Hangman骨折患者的临床资料,其中男14例、女7例,年龄27~59岁;根据Levine-Edward分型,Ⅱ型骨折18例,Ⅱa型骨折2例,Ⅲ型1例。结果下颌下入路的相关重要解剖结构在尸体解剖中得以充分显露,舌下神经与喉上神经内侧支之间纵向的最短距离为（21．7±3．1) mm,通过适当牵拉能够充分暴露C2、C3水平,满足Hangman骨折手术治疗操作要求。21例临床病例随访（21．3±8．1)个月,骨折愈合均良好,术后神经症状及颈肩部疼痛程度均较术前明显改善,JOA 改善率为64．9%。1例术中减压过程中出现脑脊液漏,术中行明胶海绵及Surgiflo填塞处理,术后常压引流3 d未引出脑脊液,引流拔除后手术切口愈合良好;1例术后出现声音嘶哑症状,2个月后自行恢复。结论下颌下入路可充分显露手术内固定治疗Hangman骨折所需的手术节段,手术疗效满意。熟知下颌下三角区域解剖结构、重要神经血管的走行是手术成功、减少手术并发症发生的关键因素。     

彩色多普勒超声在椎动脉粥样硬化诊断中的研究进展

后循环缺血（PCI）是一种临床常见病和多发病,系指椎基底动脉系统短暂性脑缺血发作和脑梗死。椎动脉粥样硬化是PCI常见的病因之一。 PCI的影像学检查包括经颅多普勒超声（TCD）、数字减影血管造影术（DSA）、计算机控制体层摄影造影术（CTA）、磁共振血管造影术（MRA）及彩色多普勒超声（CDU）等。TCD可作为PCI的初步筛查工具,DSA是目前椎动脉疾病诊断的“金标准”;CTA和DSA同属有创检查,且都需要造影剂,不易被患者接受;MRA属于无创检查,但其可能夸大血管狭窄程度;CDU可较准确测量椎动脉内径及评价血流动力学参数,可作为PCI无创伤性的检查手段,具有直接、准确、方便及可重复性等优点,为PCI的明确诊断和疗效评价提供客观依据。就CDU在椎动脉粥样硬化患者诊断中的研究进展作一综述。