Hemangioma of the maxillary sinus: A benign and rare cause of epistaxis

Hemangioma of the facial sinuses is a rare pathology, and given the lack of clinical specificity, the differential diagnosis with a malignant lesion often arises. We report the case of a 32-year-old patient who consulted for recurrent epistaxis of moderate severity. The preoperative diagnosis of a hemangioma of the left maxillary sinus was based on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging data, confirmed by the anatomopathological study of the surgical specimen, preceded by an embolization that facilitated the endoscopic surgical excision.     

探究哮喘患者血清IL-13、VEGF、TGF-β1与气道炎症反应的相关性

目的 探究与分析哮喘患者血清白介素-13 (IL-13)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、转化生长因子-β1 (TGF-β 1)与气道炎症反应的相关性.方法 选取本院自2013年8月至2015年8月收治的80例哮喘患者,按照急性发作期与临床缓解期分为观察A组与观察B组,每组各40例,另选择同时收治的健康体检人员40例作为对照组,测量三组人员的血清IL-13、VEGF、TGF-β 1,并给予肺功能检查,对结果行统计学分析.结果 观察B组与观察A组相比IL-13、VEGF、TGF-β 1均较低,FEV1及FEV1/FVC均较高,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).对照组与观察B组相比IL-13、VEGF、TGF-β 1均较低,FEV1及FEV1/FVC均较高,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).血清IL-13、VEGF、TGF-β 1水平互相呈正相关性,即三者若其中一项升高,另外两项也随之升高(P＜0.05).血清IL-13、VEGF、TGF-β 1水平与FEV1及FEV 1/FVC分别均呈负相关性,即血清IL-13、VEGF、TGF-β 1水平升高时,FEV1及FEV 1/FVC降低(P＜0.05).结论 哮喘患者血清IL-13、VEGF、TGF-β 1与气道炎症反应具有一定的相关性,为临床治疗与诊断提供重要基础.     

纤维蛋白凝胶/血管内皮生长因子复合体治疗兔坐骨神经损伤的研究

目的:观察纤维蛋白凝胶/血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)复合体治疗兔坐骨神经损伤后运动功能恢复情况。方法:取36只新西兰家兔随机平均分成A、B组,A组为对照组注射生理盐水,B组为实验组注射纤维蛋白凝胶/VEGF复合体,在术后8周、16周分别进行步态观察,检测趾展宽度指数(TSI)、坐骨神经功能指数(SFI)及行肌电图(传导速度、波幅)检查。结果:与A组比较,B组TSI值更低,SFI值更高,传导速度更快,波幅更大(P<0.05),神经恢复较好。结论:纤维蛋白凝胶/VEGF复合体可用于治疗兔周围神经损伤。     

左旋千金藤啶碱对外周血管多巴胺DA_1和DA_2受体亚型的作用

用家兔离体血管环方法，研究左旋千金藤啶碱（ｌＳＰＤ）对外周血管ＤＡ１和ＤＡ２受体亚型的作用。结果表明，ｌＳＰＤ使ＤＡ１受体激动剂ＦＯＤＡ诱发的肾、肺和肠动脉以及ＤＡ２受体激动剂ＰＢＤＡ诱发的肠和股动脉舒张反应的量效曲线非平行右移，最大反应（Ｅｍａｘ）降低，均呈非竞争性拮抗；ｌＳＰＤ本身还可使肾和肺血管产生轻度的浓度依赖性舒张反应，表现为ＤＡ１受体激动剂的作用特性。提示ｌＳＰＤ为外周血管ＤＡ１和ＤＡ２受体的混合性阻滞剂并兼有ＤＡ１受体部分激动剂的双重作用特性。     

VEGF、COX-2在复发性鼻息肉中的表达及意义

目的探讨环氧化酶2（COX-2）和血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）在复发性鼻息肉中的表达及其临床意义。方法应用免疫组化Envision法检测VEGF和COX-2在复发性鼻息肉、初发鼻息肉和正常鼻黏膜中的表达。结果（1）COX-2在复发性鼻息肉、初发鼻息肉中的表达较正常鼻黏膜组明显增强,差异有显著意义（P〈0．05）;COX-2在复发性鼻息肉中的表达比在初发鼻息肉中的表达要强,两组间比较差异有显著意义（P〈0．05）。（2）VEGF在复发性鼻息肉、初发鼻息肉中的表达较正常鼻黏膜组明显增强,差异有显著意义（P〈0．05）,VEGF在复发性鼻息肉和初发鼻息肉中的表达差异有显著意义（P〈0．05）。（3）VEGF COX-2和在鼻息肉中的表达呈正相关（P〈0．05,r=0．895）。结论VEGF和COX-2是参与调控血管生成最重要的血管生长因子,提示它们可能在鼻息肉的发生、发展和复发过程中发挥重要作用。     

Fetal stroke and cerebrovascular disease: Advances in understanding from lenticulostriate and venous imaging,alloimmune thrombocytopaenia and monochorionic twins

Fetal stroke is an important cause of cerebral palsy but is difficult to diagnose unless imaging is undertaken in pregnancies at risk because of known maternal or fetal disorders. Fetal ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging may show haemorrhage or ischaemic lesions including multicystic encephalomalacia and focal porencephaly. Serial imaging has shown the development of malformations including schizencephaly and polymicrogyra after ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke. Recognised causes of haemorrhagic fetal stroke include alloimmune and autoimmune thrombocytopaenia, maternal and fetal clotting disorders and trauma but these are relatively rare. It is likely that a significant proportion of periventricular and intraventricular haemorrhages are of venous origin. Recent evidence highlights the importance of arterial endothelial dysfunction, rather than thrombocytopaenia, in the intraparenchymal haemorrhage of alloimmune thrombocytopaenia. In the context of placental anastomoses, monochorionic diamniotic twins are at risk of twin twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS), or partial forms including Twin Oligohydramnios Polyhydramnios Sequence (TOPS), differences in estimated weight (selective Intrauterine growth Retardation; sIUGR), or in fetal haemoglobin (Twin Anaemia Polycythaemia Sequence; TAPS). There is a very wide range of ischaemic and haemorrhagic injury in a focal as well as a global distribution. Acute twin twin transfusion may account for intraventricular haemorrhage in recipients and periventricular leukomalacia in donors but there are additional risk factors for focal embolism and cerebrovascular disease. The recipient has circulatory overload, with effects on systemic and pulmonary circulations which probably lead to systemic and pulmonary hypertension and even right ventricular outflow tract obstruction as well as the polycythaemia which is a risk factor for thrombosis and vasculopathy. The donor is hypovolaemic and has a reticulocytosis in response to the anaemia while maternal hypertension and diabetes may influence stroke risk. Understanding of the mechanisms, including the role of vasculopathy, in well studied conditions such as alloimmune thrombocytopaenia and monochorionic diamniotic twinning may lead to reduction of the burden of antenatally sustained cerebral palsy.     

Inhibitory effects of lycopene on HMGB1-mediated pro-inflammatory responses in both cellular and animal models

High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) mediates proinflammatory responses in inflammatory diseases. Lycopene found in tomatoes and tomato products has anti-oxidant, anti-cancer and antiinflammatory effects. The potential anti-inflammatory roles of lycopene in HMGB1-mediated proinflammatory responses in both primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and animal were investigated. The anti-inflammatory effects of lycopene were determined including permeability, monocyte adhesion and migration, and activation of proinflammatory proteins and HMGB1 receptors on HMGB1 activated HUVECs. In the in vivo model, the anti-inflammatory effect of lycopene was assessed by monitoring vascular permeability and migration of leukocytes to the peritoneal cavity of mice injected with lycopene. Lycopene inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated release of HMGB1, expression of HMGB1-mediated tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2)-IIA, and HMGB1-mediated pro-inflammatory signaling responses in endothelial cells. It did this through down-regulation of cell surface expression of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), HMGB1 receptors, toll-like receptor (TLR)-2, and -4, and receptors for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). These findings suggest that lycopene promotes barrier integrity, inhibits monocyte adhesion and migration to HMGB1 activating HUVECs by blocking activation of proinflammatory cytokines and expression of CAMs and HMGB1 receptors, thereby showing its usefulness as a therapy for vascular inflammatory diseases.     

缺氧诱导因子与支气管哮喘

缺氧诱导因子(hypoxia-inducible factor,HIF)是细胞及组织缺氧情况下产生的一种氧依赖的转录激活因子,广泛存在于哺乳动物体内.能诱导多种缺氧反应性表达,使细胞及组织产生一系列反应以适应缺氧环境[1].研究发现在常氧状态下HIF-1a在支气管肺组织中有少量表达,而在支气管哮喘(简称哮喘)大鼠支气管肺组织中HIF-1a表达的量则明显增加,认为HIF-1a参与哮喘的发病机制[2].目前,国内外对该方面的研究很少.现就HIF与哮喘的关系作一综述.     

低氧诱导因子-1促进肿瘤血管生成的研究

低氧诱导因子-1（HIF-1）是调节血管内皮生长因子转录最重要的核转录因子之一,在肿瘤血管生长、转移中起重要的作用。HIF-1对肿瘤血管生成的转录调控作用与其本身的分子结构、生物学特性、分子机制及信号通路密切相关。     

Tumor’host interaction in the optimization of paclitaxel-based combination therapies with vascular targeting compounds

Targeting of the tumor stroma, including the tumor vasculature, represents a new frontier in the treatment of malignancy. Preclinical studies and clinical experiences have established that stroma-directed novel agents must be combined with conventional therapies in order to achieve relevant therapeutic efficacy. Here we review our preclinical experience on combinations of paclitaxel with a tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor of angiogenesis (SU6668) and a vascular disrupting agent (VDA, ZD6126), and discuss the critical factors that determine the outcome of these treatments. We also analyze the relevance of the intrinsic sensitivity of the tumor to the drugs, as well as the possibility that the two combined agents synergistically affect the vasculature or independently target the host and the tumor compartments. Finally, we discuss the need to carefully optimize scheduling and sequencing, through the use of reliable end points, in order to avoid negative pharmacological interactions and to improve the antineoplastic efficacy of paclitaxel-based combination treatments.