清晨型与夜晚型评定量表的信度与效度

目的完成清晨型与夜晚型评定量表（MEQ）中文版的引进工作。方法首先进行MEQ量表项目的翻译定稿，然后应用中文版评定163名健康受试者的日周期倾向，并通过两周睡眠记录表记录他们的睡眠习惯。根据测量的结果，进行量表信度与效度检验，并试图寻找其划界点。结果MEQ量表中文版的19个条目被确定为两个因子：睡眠时相因子和最佳表现时间因子。中文版的划界点：绝对清晨型：70-86、中度清晨型：63-69、中间型：50-62、中度夜晚型：43-49、绝对夜晚型：16-42。中文版的Chronbachα系数为0．701-0．738、Spearman-Brown分半信度为0．584-0．697、重测信度为0．638-0．831，均达到了心理测量学可接受的水平。结论MEQ量表中文版有良好的心理测量学特征，新划界点可以有效地区分清晨型和夜晚型。     

Ways of coping with asthma in everyday life: Validation of the Asthma Specific Coping Scale

Objective: This study examines the validity of the Asthma Specific Coping Scale. Methods: Study samples were comprised of persons with drug-treated asthma (n=3464) drawn from the Drug Reimbursement Registry and asthma rehabilitation participants [brief (n=278) and comprehensive (n=316) intervention]. Data were collected by questionnaires. Results: The expected structure of the six subscales (restricted lifestyle, hiding asthma, positive reappraisal, information seeking, ignoring asthma, and asthma worry) was supported. The Cronbach's reliabilities of the subscales ranged from .63 to .84. Concurrent validity was supported by meaningful correlations between asthma coping scales and psychosocial resources, health-related quality of life, and general coping. The asthma coping scales discriminated between the intervention participants and the population-based sample. Four out of six subscales also showed sensitivity to change after rehabilitation. Conclusion: Though further longitudinal studies are needed, this scale seems to be a promising instrument to be used in surveys and outcome studies.     

Validity of biological tests in epidemiological toxicology

Summary The authors emphasize the need to introduce the concept of validity (sensitivity and specificity) of biological test methods in epidemiological toxicology (occupational and public health). Up till now too often relevant information is lost, because the frequency distribution of individual data is not taken into account. The method of calculating parameters of validity is demonstrated. These parameters add relevant information for determining the feasibility of test methods; they provide valuable information not presented by classical statistical treatment of data. Several examples have been worked out to elucidate the approach.Professor in public health, particularly in regard to occupational medicine and environmental health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Amsterdam.Research worker Coronel Laboratory.     

Methodological aspects of physical activity assessment in epidemiological studies

A range of epidemiological studies conducted over the past decades has produced strong support for the view that lack of physical activity is associated with increased risks of several chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, cancer, etc. Much is still unknown about the type and degree of activity that is required to influence the risk of specific diseases. Furthermore, physical activity can act as a confounder in relationships between other exposure variables (e.g. diet) and disease. Thus, the measurement of physical activity in epidemiological studies is of great importance. The questionnaire is the most frequently used method in epidemiological research. Before using a questionnaire on a large scale, validity and reproducibility should be assessed in a representative population. Some practical and methodological aspects of physical activity validation studies are described, together with the possible implications of the results.     

Quality of life of HIV-infected patients: Psychometric properties and validation of the German version of the MQOL-HIV

Objective: to determine the psychometric properties of the recently developed German version of the Multidimensional Quality of Life Questionnaire for HIV/AIDS (MQOL-HIV) and to test its performance in a sample of HIV-infected patients. Methods: Two-hundred and seven outpatients with HIV/AIDS were interviewed with the German version of the MQOL-HIV; 109 patients were interviewed a second time approximately 2 weeks later. Patients also completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule II (WHODAS II). Results: The German version of the MQOL-HIV showed satisfactory internal consistency (r: 0.74–0.85, sexual functioning: r = 0.61) and test–retest reliability in most subscales (r: 0.74–0.89, medical care: r = 0.67). Convergent validity with WHODAS II and BDI was satisfactory for most domains. Exploratory factor analysis yielded a seven-factor solution with separate factors for physical, emotional, cognitive, social and financial aspects, sexual functioning and medical care. CD4 count and source of infection were associated with most QOL domains, whereas age and gender showed no major impact on QOL. High rates of missing values were seen in the partnership domain and substantial ceiling effects in the area of medical care. Conclusions: Overall the German version of the MQOL-HIV showed satisfactory reliability and validity. However, the domains of partnership, sexuality and medical care should generally receive more emphasis in future research on QOL assessment in patients with HIV/AIDS and the MQOL-HIV may be improved in these domains.     

儿童期虐待史自评量表的信度与效度分析

目的编制儿童期虐待史自评量表(PRCA),并对它进行初步的信度、效度分析。方法对179例小学生进行了PRCA测试,分析PRCA的内部一致性,重测信度,内容效度及校标效度,并分析小学生的受虐待情况。结果PRCA的虐待总分的cronbach’sα系数为0.87,躯体虐待因子为0.85,情感虐待因子为0.73,性虐待因子为0.99,忽视因子为0.89。PRCA的重测信度为0.68,躯体虐待因子为0.46,情感虐待因子为0.56,性虐待因子为0.70,忽视因子为0.54。各因子之间相关系数为0.24~0.52,各因子与总分相关系数为0.53~0.77,与抑郁自评量表相关系数为0.35~0.77。受虐待组学生症自评量表总均分及各因子分均明显高于对照组[总均分:(1.84±0.61)分vs(1.59±0.57)分,t=2.84,P<0.01]。与女生相比,男生的受虐待程度较重,一年内受虐待次数较多[总分:(12.87±16.46)分vs(8.49±12.31)分,t=2.00,P<0.05;频度:(1.72±1.71)分vs(1.16±1.16)分,t=2.53,P<0.05]。绝大部分虐待行为始发于10岁之前。结论儿童期虐待史自评量表具有较好的信度、效度,可作为对儿童进行受虐待情况调查的自评工具。     

QOL-DA在吸食海洛因的劳教人员中的适用性研究

目的 :探讨吸毒者生存质量测定量表 (QOL -DA)在以吸食海洛因为主的劳教人员中的适用性。方法 :6 98名劳教人员完成了QOL -DA ,采用相关分析、验证性因素分析及t检验等方法。结果 :除个别条目外 ,条目与相应维度、总分的相关均有显著性 ,为 0 .15 1～ 0 .72 6 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,各维度与总分的相关为 0 .70 5～ 0 .85 1(P <0 .0 1) ,各维度间的相关为 0 .30 6～ 0 .6 5 5 (P <0 .0 1) ,Cronbachaα系数为 0 .92 7;重测相关系数为 0 .84 0 ;除个别条目外 ,条目对因子负荷系数在 0 .191～ 0 .85 1之间 ;验证性因子分析的指标 :CFI(0 .85 5 )、TLI(0 .84 5 )、χ2 df(3.5 4 2 )、REMEA(0 .0 6 0 )提示模型拟合尚可。结论 :QOL -DA用于以吸食海洛因为主的劳教人员时需对社会功能维度进行修改     

创造性4C认知量表(PC4CS)中文版的信、效度检验

目的:对创造性4C认知量表(PC4CS)中文版进行信、效度检验,探讨创造性4C理论在中国本土文化中的适用性。方法:从在线大学生QQ群中招募全国各地3360名在校大学生为被试,填写PC4CS中文版初测量表,分析其信效度。结果:1各项目的区分度与鉴别性较好(t=14.01~34.77,r=0.31~0.55;P均0.001);2经探索性因子分析,得到与原量表一致的创造性4C结构,累积方差解释率为55.22%;3总量表Cronbachα系数为0.85,重测信度为0.88,各分量表的α系数在0.72~0.82之间,重测信度在0.81~0.90之间;与Lawdsei认知创造力量表和Rudowicz—Hui创造力概念调查量表的关联效度分别为0.67、0.77;各分量表与总分以及各分量表之间的相关分别在0.53~0.74、0.10~0.60之间,结构效度良好。结论:PC4CS中文版具有良好的心理测量学指标,适用于在中国文化背景下大学生的创造性4C认知测量。     

早年创伤问卷简表中文版的信度和效度

目的 评估早年创伤问卷简表(ETI-SF)中文版的信度和效度.方法 对265名被试进行ETI-SF中文版的评定,其中正常人42名、抑郁障碍94例,物质滥用者129例,130名在2～4周后重测.结果 ETI-SF四种童年创伤维度分量表的Cronbaeh's α系数在0.64～0.84之间,全量表Cronbach's α系数为0.83;重测相关系数在0.65～0.81之间(P＜0.01);正常对照组各型童年创伤评分显著低于物质滥用和抑郁障碍组,3组中物质滥用组性创伤得分最高,抑郁障碍组情感虐待分最高,ETI-SF能有效区分.结论 ETI-SF中文版信度和效度较好,具有临床与科研应用价值.