The Australian/Canadian Osteoarthritis Hand Index in a community‐dwelling population of older adults: Reliability and validity

Objective

To assess the acceptability and measurement properties of the Australian/Canadian Osteoarthritis Hand Index (AUSCAN) applied to a community‐dwelling population of older adults with hand problems.

Methods

Data were obtained from 2 related sources: 2,113 responders to a 2‐stage cross‐sectional postal survey who reported hand problems in the previous 12‐months, and 55 participants with hand problems completing a clinical assessment. The AUSCAN subscales were assessed for data quality and scaling properties. Test–retest reliability was assessed in clinical participants reporting no change in their hand condition at 1 month. Construct and criterion validity were evaluated using other data from the survey and clinical assessment. Internal consistency of the subscales was tested using Cronbach's alpha and item‐total correlations.

Results

AUSCAN subscales had high completion rates in the survey (missing data: 2.3–2.7%). Subscale scores covered the possible range but were skewed towards lower pain, stiffness, and functional problems. Test–retest reliability estimates supported the use of the pain and stiffness subscales (ρ > 0.7), with the estimate for stiffness being slightly lower (ρ = 0.64). The subscales demonstrated both construct validity (significantly higher subscale scores in participants reporting a recent general practitioner consultation for their hand problems and high correlations with hand function performance measures) and criterion validity (high correlations with generic health measures and disease‐specific measures).

Conclusion

The AUSCAN is a valid and reliable measure of hand problems in a community‐dwelling population of older adults. The AUSCAN performs well both in terms of its internal reliability and its relationship with external constructs.     

Evaluation of the Patient-Specific Functional Scale in hand fractures and dislocations

Background

Generic upper extremity disability questionnaires utilize standardized items. The Patient-Specific Functional Scale (PSFS) allows the patient to identify specific self-reported items. This study evaluated the validity of the PSFS to assess outcome in patients with hand fractures or dislocations.

Methods

Adults with hand fractures or dislocations, who completed hand therapy between January 2012 and January 2013, were eligible for inclusion. At the initial and final assessment, each patient was asked to complete the PSFS. Each patient identified three items that were difficult or they were unable to perform, and the degree of difficulty was ranked from 0 to 10 (able to perform at pre-injury level). We excluded patients with an incomplete PSFS. Statistical analyses evaluated the relationships between the PSFS and the independent variables.

Results

There were 63 patients (37 men, 26 women); 21 of the 63 patients underwent surgery for fracture fixation. The mean duration of hand therapy treatment was 2.2 ± 1.4 months. The mean PSFS scores were as follows: initial 3.2 ± 2.2; final 8.1 ± 2.2. There was a significant improvement in PSFS scores from initial to final assessment (p < 0.001) and a moderate correlation (r = 0.3, p = 0.02). There was no statistical difference in PSFS scores between men and women or surgery and no surgery.

Conclusions

In these patients with hand fractures or dislocations, the PSFS indicated significant improvement in function. Using items identified by the patient, the PSFS provides a valuable perspective of outcome and may be used in conjunction with generic disease-specific questionnaire for assessment of the upper extremity.     

Validity of Chinese Version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview-3.0 in Psychiatric Settings

Background:

The Composite International Diagnostic Interview-3.0 (CIDI-3.0) is a fully structured lay-administered diagnostic interview for the assessment of mental disorders according to ICD-10 and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) criteria. The aim of the study was to investigate the concurrent validity of the Chinese CIDI in diagnosing mental disorders in psychiatric settings.

Methods:

We recruited 208 participants, of whom 148 were patients from two psychiatric hospitals and 60 healthy people from communities. These participants were administered with CIDI by six trained lay interviewers and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I, gold standard) by two psychiatrists. Agreement between CIDI and SCID-I was assessed with sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value. Individual-level CIDI-SCID diagnostic concordance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve and Cohen''s K.

Results:

Substantial to excellent CIDI to SCID concordance was found for any substance use disorder (area under the receiver operator characteristic curve [AUC] = 0.926), any anxiety disorder (AUC = 0.807) and any mood disorder (AUC = 0.806). The concordance between the CIDI and the SCID for psychotic and eating disorders is moderate. However, for individual mental disorders, the CIDI-SCID concordance for bipolar disorders (AUC = 0.55) and anorexia nervosa (AUC = 0.50) was insufficient.

Conclusions:

Overall, the Chinese version of CIDI-3.0 has acceptable validity in diagnosing the substance use disorder, anxiety disorder and mood disorder among Chinese adult population. However, we should be cautious when using it for bipolar disorders and anorexia nervosa.     

Psychometric characteristics of the mutuality scale in heart failure patients and caregivers

Background

Higher patient-caregiver mutuality is associated with improved patient and caregiver outcomes, but no studies have tested the psychometric characteristics of the mutuality scale (MS) in heart failure (HF) patient and caregiver population.

Diagnostic validity (sensitivity and specificity) of panoramic X-rays in osteoarthrosis of the temporomandibular joint

Objective:

To establish the diagnostic validity of panoramic X-rays (PRx) in temporomandibular osteoarthrosis (OA) using the clinical and imaging criteria (magnetic resonance imaging, MRI) of the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) as gold standards.

Methods:

Eighty-four patients with full clinical records (RDC/TMD), PRx, and MRI scans were selected. Two stomatologists evaluated the PRx for OA. The MRI findings were derived from the radiologist report. Intra/inter-examiner concordance was established. The diagnostic concordance between clinical signs and MRI was determined. Both were used as gold standards to calculate the validity of PRx in OA.

Results:

The diagnostic validity of PRx with MRI as gold standard was sensitivity?=?69·0% and specificity?=?67·9%. The diagnostic validity of PRx with clinical criteria as gold standard was sensitivity?=?61·6% and specificity =?57·9%.

Discussion:

Panoramic X-rays have scant diagnostic validity in temporomandibular osteoarthrosis when taking MRI or clinical criteria of RDC/TMD as gold standards.     

The uniqueness of subjective ageing: convergent and discriminant validity

Although a large body of research has demonstrated the predictive power of subjective ageing for several decisive developmental outcomes, there remains some controversy about whether subjective ageing truly represents a unique construct. Thus, information about the convergent and discriminant validity of different approaches to measuring subjective ageing is still critically needed. Using data from the 2014 wave of the German Ageing Survey, we examined how three established subjective ageing measures (subjective age, global attitude toward own ageing, multidimensional ageing-related cognitions) were inter-related as well as distinct from general dispositions (optimism, self-efficacy) and well-being (negative affect, depressive symptoms, self-rated health). Using correlational and multivariate regression analysis, we found that the three subjective ageing measures were significantly inter-related (r = |.09| to |.30|), and that each measure was distinct from general dispositions and well-being. The overlap with dispositional and well-being measures was lowest for subjective age and highest for global attitudes towards own ageing. The correlation between global attitudes towards own ageing and optimism was particularly striking. Despite the high convergent validity of the different dimensions of ageing cognitions, we nevertheless observed stronger associations between specific dimensions of ageing cognitions with negative affect and self-rated health. We conclude that researchers should be aware of the multidimensional nature of subjective ageing. Furthermore, subjective age appears to be a highly aggregated construct and future work is needed to clarify its correlates and reference points.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s10433-019-00529-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Validity and reliability of the social support scale in chronic diseases–TR (SSCII-TR)

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the Social Support Scale in Chronic Diseases (SSCII) Scale Turkish version that was developed by Hilbert-McAllister.MethodsThis was planning a methodological study. Research group consists of 163 older persons that accepted to participate in this study and who had a chronic disease. Data were collected in 15th June–15th August 2012 period from two homes for aged in İzmir Provinence. The necessary ethical approval was obtained from the institutions and each participant for research.ResultsSSCII Scale was translated to Turkish for language validity. For content validity, it was obtained of experts view and it was corrected according to expert's suggestions. For content validity, Kendall goodness-of-fit Correlation test was performed (Kendall's Wa = 0.167, χ² = 49.337, df = 37, p = 0.084). In reliability and validity study, first of all, total item score correlation was examined. All items were upper than 0.20 correlation limit and there were a significant relationship between total item correlation score. Scale originally has 38 items in the latest version in Turkish. For reliability of the scale, it was performed the internal consistency analysis and it was find that Cronbach's alpha coefficient as 0.89. So, the scale has an acceptable level internal consistency coefficient. For the determining of scale's time stability, it was applied to initial 32 older persons after first survey. A significant relation found between test-retest scores (p = 0.000).ConclusionSSCII Scale Turkish version is a reliable and valid scale for the Turkish community.     

京津地区养老机构《老年人营养不良风险评估》应用效果评价研究

背景　营养筛查与评估是开展规范化营养支持的基础,WS/T 552-2017《老年人营养不良风险评估》发布前后,尚缺乏关于此标准中评估工具信效度研究的有关报告。目的　评价《老年人营养不良风险评估》在京津地区有代表性的养老机构应用的信效度。方法　2019年5-6月,采用方便抽样对北京、天津7家养老机构中入住的444名老年人进行问卷调查。采用临界比、条目-总分相关系数、探索性因子分析、Cronbach's α系数和折半信度系数评价《老年人营养不良风险评估》的信效度。结果　共发放问卷474份,回收有效问卷444份,有效回收率为93.7%。《老年人营养不良风险评估》各条目临界比为-1.992~13.272,条目-总分相关系数为-0.051~0.566;探索性因子分析共提取8个公因子,累积解释变异量为62.069%,4个条目因子载荷<0.40而未达标准;《老年人营养不良风险评估》的Cronbach's α系数为0.323,折半信度为0.531,8个公因子的Cronbach's α系数为-0.542~0.649,折半信度为-0.424~0.637。结论　《老年人营养不良风险评估》在养老机构中应用时部分条目的鉴别度和同质性不高,结构效度和内部一致性不是非常理想,在进行养老机构老年人营养状况筛查与评价时,需要对条目进一步斟酌,才能更有效地评价养老机构老年人的营养状况。     

用药生活问卷的汉化及其在社区老年多重用药患者中的信效度分析

背景　多重用药负担是影响患者用药信念、用药依从性和用药安全的核心要素,医务人员以患者用药负担为中心进行评估,可及时发现其用药过程中亟需解决的问题、制定科学化的药物干预方案,但目前国内尚且缺乏科学、有效的工具来评价患者多重用药负担。目的　汉化用药生活问卷（LMQ）并分析其在社区老年多重用药患者中的信效度,为明确社区老年多重用药患者用药负担现况提供测量工具。方法　采用正译、校对、回译、专家审核、认知性访谈、预调查对LMQ进行汉化,最终形成了包括8个维度39个条目的中文版LMQ（初始版）。2019年4-8月,采用便利抽样法选取郑州市3家社区卫生服务中心〔郑州市社区卫生服务中心（东二街）、林山寨社区卫生服务中心、高新区科学大道社区卫生服务中心〕下属社区中老年多重用药患者为调查对象。本研究第一阶段收集数据用于探索性因子分析,最终确定样本量为260例;第二阶段用于重测信度评估,重测间隔时间为2~4周,最终确定样本量为30例（从第一阶段患者中采用随机数字表法选取）;第三阶段用于验证性因子分析,最终确定样本量为373例。采用一般资料调查问卷、中文版LMQ（初始版）对其进行调查,评价中文版LMQ（初始版）的信效度。结果　第一阶段共发放问卷260份,回收有效问卷242份,有效回收率为93.1%;第二阶段共发放问卷30份,回收有效问卷30份,有效回收率为100.0%;第三阶段共发放问卷373份,回收有效问卷350份,有效回收率为93.8%。项目分析结果显示,中文版LMQ（初始版）各条目得分与其总分的相关系数为0.317~0.658（P<0.01）;中文版LMQ（初始版）各条目决断值（CR）均>3.0。探索性因子分析结果显示,中文版LMQ（初始版）的KMO值为0.875,Bartlett's球形检验的χ2=8 139.877,P<0.01,表明适合做因子分析;共提取出特征根>1.000的公因子有8个,累积方差贡献率为76.780%,各条目在所属公因子上的载荷量均>0.400。验证性因子分析结果显示,预设模型拟合指标不理想,根据指标提示进行模型修正,添加8条协方差相关关系后,各拟合指标处于可接受范围。内容效度：中文版LMQ（初始版）的条目内容效度指数（I-CVI）为0.86~1.00,问卷内容效度指数（S-CVI）为0.949。信度：中文版LMQ（初始版）的Cronbach's α系数为0.892,各维度的Cronbach's α系数为0.867~0.943;中文版LMQ（初始版）的折半信度为0.817,各维度的折半信度为0.841~0.947;中文版LMQ（初始版）的重测信度为0.904,各维度的重测信度为0.802~0.875。最终形成中文版LMQ,其包括8个维度39个条目,分别为用药态度（7个条目）、实践困难（6个条目）、医患关系（5个条目）、用药效果（5个条目）、干扰日常生活（6个条目）、副作用（4个条目）、用药行为（3个条目）、经济负担（3个条目）。结论　中文版LMQ利用39个条目从用药态度、实践困难、医患关系、用药效果、干扰日常生活、副作用、用药行为及经济负担8个方面了解患者的用药负担,信效度良好,且操作简单、评估较全面、条目通俗易懂,可以有效评估社区老年多重用药患者居家生活过程中各方面的用药负担,并为医务人员制定精准化药物支持干预方案提供测评工具。