医疗失效模式与效应分析在前列腺良性增生患者留置导尿管流程管理中的应用

[目的]探讨医疗失效模式与效应分析(HFMEA)在前列腺良性增生(BPH)患者留置导尿管流程管理中的应用效果.[方法]选取2019年1?6月(实施HFMEA管理前)本院老年病科收治的33例BPH留置导尿管患者作为对照组,选择2019年7?12月(实施HFMEA管理后)收治的35例BPH留置导尿管患者作为观察组.应用HF...     

电针干预对广泛性子宫切除术后膀胱功能的影响

目的:观察电针疗法对广泛性子宫切除术后膀胱功能恢复的疗效。方法:将110例广泛性子宫切除术后患者随机分为电针组和常规组,各55例。常规组采用常规方法留置尿管和膀胱冲洗,第8天起每天用TDP照射腹部30 min,连续5天。电针组在常规组基础上,于术后第8天-第12天采用电针治疗,穴取三阴交、足三里、外关、水道、归来等。比较2组患者术后膀胱功能恢复的时间、尿动力学检查结果和住院天数。结果:电针组术后第14天膀胱功能恢复、尿潴留、尿失禁人数分别为51例(51/55)、4例(4/55)、0例,第28天分别为53例(53/55)、2例(2/55)、0例;常规组第14天分别为27例(27/55)、25例(25/55)、3例(3/55),第28天分别为43例(43/55)、11例(11/55)、1例(1/55),2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。术后第14天膀胱功能恢复者残余尿量、膀胱容量、平均尿流率比较,电针组均优于常规组(P<0.01或P<0.05);电针组术后住院天数为(21.1±3.3)天,常规组为(25.5±3.5)天,电针组明显短于常规组(P<0.01)。结论:电针疗法可以促进广泛性子宫切除术后膀胱功能的及早恢复,缩短导尿管留置时间,有益于降低泌尿系统感染发生率和缩短住院天数。     

早期拔除尿管对腹腔镜下结肠癌术后镇痛患者的影响

目的 探讨腹腔镜下结肠癌术后镇痛期间拔除尿管对患者尿潴留及相关并发症的影响.方法 分析本院2014年1月至2015年12月腹腔镜下结肠癌术后留置镇痛泵的患者46例,其中实验组23例(留置镇痛泵期内拔除尿管),对照组23例(停用镇痛泵后拔除尿管).两组术后尿潴留率、尿路感染率、肺部感染率、伤口感染率及满意率等指标比较.结果 两组患者的尿潴留率(8.7％比4.3％)、肺部感染率(4.3％比8.7％)、伤口感染率(4.3％比13.0％),差异均无统计学意义(均P＞0.05).两组患者均未出现导尿管相关性尿路感染.实验组满意率78.3％高于对照组47.8％,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 腹腔镜下结肠癌术后留置镇痛泵的患者早期拔除尿管是安全可行的,且能减轻留置尿管引起的不适.     

开塞露灌肠治疗产后尿潴留的临床观察

目的:探讨开塞露灌肠对产后尿潴留的临床应用价值。方法:对60例产后尿潴留患者,随机抽取32例为治疗组,28例为对照组。治疗组用开塞露保留灌肠治疗尿潴留;对照组单纯采用新斯的明肌肉注射。结果:治疗有效率治疗组为100%,对照组为64.3%,P<0.01。结论:开塞露灌肠效果明显高于单纯注射新斯的明,两组有显著差异。     

Percutaneous fetal surgery using epidural catheter: preliminary experience acquired from 24 cases

Objective The objective of the following study is to report the experience acquired from 24 percutaneous fetal surgeries for cavity drainage using epidural catheter instead of the commercially available catheter. Methods Twenty-four percutaneous fetal surgeries for cavity drainage were performed, due to the following anomalies: 13 cases of lower urinary tract obstruction, nine cases of pleural effusion, and two cases of pulmonary cystic adenomatoid malformation type I. In order to verify that catheter adequacy, technical and obstetric complications derived from its use were assessed. Technical complications were difficulty in inserting the catheter and/or its functionality; and obstetric complications were the presence of bleeding, amniotic infection, preterm labor or premature rupture of membranes. Results The technical complications were the following: difficulty in passing the catheter through epidural needle in one case; one case of catheter drawn back with the needle; two cases of catheter dislodgment; and four cases of non-functionality of the catheter. Among the obstetric complications, there was only one case of preterm labor, and except from one fetus with chromosomal pathology, all the other 23 newborns were alive after 1 week. Conclusions The use of the epidural catheter can be seen as a viable alternative to percutaneous surgeries of fetal cavity shunting, due to its low cost and similar complications to the use of the conventional catheter.     

产前超声检查在胎儿泌尿系统异常中的应用价值

目的：探讨超声在胎儿泌尿系统异常中的应用价值。方法：通过分析18例胎儿泌尿系统异常的声像图特征,结合后续复查随访,判断病变的性质。结果：18例异常中,多数病例为功能性病变,器质性病变如无其他系统合并症,大多为非致死性。结论：超声对胎儿泌尿系统异常的检出及性质的判断有较大的优势,但也存在一定的客观局限性。     

Shy-Drager综合征26例的临床分析

目的:探讨Shy-Drager综合征(SDS)的临床和辅助检查的特点,为临床诊断提供依据。方法:回顾性分析26例临床诊断为SDS患者的临床资料、头颅磁共振(MRI)、肛门括约肌肌电图(EAS-EMG)、校正QT间期和尿流动力学检查。结果:14例患者行头颅MRI检查,6例患者出现壳核T2低信号。19例患者行EAS-EMS检查,均有自发电位。13例患者行尿流动力学检查,9例有尿道流出梗阻现象。20例患者行心电图检查,平均校正QT间期达0.409 ms。结论:临床表现结合头颅MRI和EAS-EMG有助于提高SDS的诊断。     

血清超敏C反应蛋白与尿碘水平联合预测先兆流产患者保胎结局的研究

目的观察血清超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)与尿碘水平联合对先兆流产患者保胎结局的预测效能。方法前瞻性选取海南医学院第二附属医院2018年1月至2020年1月收治的112例先兆流产患者作为研究对象,根据保胎结局将患者分为保胎失败组(n=20)与保胎成功组(n=92)。检测两组入院时各主要指标[甲状腺功能相关指标、血清孕酮(P)、β-人绒毛膜促性腺激素(β-HCG)、hs-CRP、尿碘水平],采用Logistic回归分析各主要指标与先兆流产患者保胎结局的关系,并分析入院时血清hs-CRP、尿碘水平对先兆流产患者保胎结局的预测效能。结果保胎失败组P、β-HCG水平低于保胎成功组,hs-CRP水平高于保胎成功组,合并甲状腺功能异常、尿碘水平异常占比高于保胎成功组(P<0.05)。经Logistic回归分析结果显示,先兆流产患者甲状腺功能异常、hs-CRP表达上调、尿碘水平异常是保胎成功的危险因素(OR>1,P<0.05);先兆流产患者P、β-HCG表达上调是保胎成功的保护因素(OR<1,P<0.05);绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线发现,先兆流产患者hs-CRP...     

Efficacy,safety, and tolerability of mirabegron in patients aged ≥65 yr with overactive bladder wet: a phase IV,double-blind,randomised, placebo-controlled study (PILLAR)

BackgroundThe majority of patients with overactive bladder (OAB) are aged >65 yr. There has been no prospectively designed study assessing treatment efficacy with the β3-adrenoreceptor agonist, mirabegron, specifically in this age group.ObjectiveA phase IV study comparing flexibly dosed mirabegron versus placebo in elderly patients with OAB and urgency incontinence.Design, setting, and participantsCommunity-dwelling patients aged ≥65 yr with OAB for ≥3 mo.InterventionFollowing a 2-wk placebo run in, patients with one or more incontinence episodes, three or more urgency episodes, and an average of eight or more micturitions/24 h were randomised 1:1 to double-blind 25 mg/d mirabegron or matched placebo, for 12 wk. After week 4 or 8, the dose could be increased to 50 mg/d mirabegron/matched placebo based on patient and investigator discretion.Outcome measurements and statistical analysisCoprimary endpoints: change from baseline to end of treatment (EOT) in the mean numbers of micturitions/24 h and incontinence episodes/24 h. Secondary endpoints: change from baseline to EOT in the mean volume voided/micturition, mean number of urgency episodes/24 h, and mean number of urgency incontinence episodes/24 h. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used for the mean number of micturitions/24 h, mean volume voided/micturition, and mean number of urgency episodes/24 h. Stratified rank ANCOVA was used for the mean numbers of incontinence episodes/24 h and urgency incontinence episodes/24 h.Results and limitationsStatistically significant improvements were observed for mirabegron versus placebo in change from baseline to EOT in the mean number of micturitions/24 h, mean number of incontinence episodes/24 h, mean volume voided/micturition, mean number of urgency episodes/24 h, and mean number of urgency incontinence episodes/24 h. Safety and tolerability were consistent with the known mirabegron safety profile.ConclusionsMirabegron efficacy, safety, and tolerability over 12 wk were confirmed in patients aged ≥65 yr with OAB and incontinence.Patient summaryWe examined the effect of mirabegron compared with placebo in people aged 65 yr or older with overactive bladder and incontinence. Mirabegron improved the symptoms of overactive bladder compared with placebo. Side effects were similar to those already known for mirabegron.     

留置导尿集尿袋更换时间与尿路感染的相关性研究

目的：探讨留置导尿患者集尿袋更换时间与尿路感染的相关性及护理预防对策；方法：选择我院内科病区脑血管意外留置导尿患者61例，分实验组与对照组在不同间隔时间内予以更换集尿袋，追踪监测尿培养，对出现尿培养阳性结果进行统计学分析。结论：在严格按照护理质控与院内感染要求下，临床上集尿袋更换间隔时间以一周一次较为科学有效。