腹腔镜辅助体外输尿管切开取石术21例报告

目的:探讨腹腔镜辅助体外输尿管切开取石术治疗输尿管中上段结石的可行性。方法:经腹腔在腹腔镜下游离结石部位输尿管,延长结石体表投影处戳口1~2cm,通过戳口将结石部位输尿管提至腹壁外,行输尿管切开取石术。结果:21例手术均获成功。手术时间为28~65min,平均43min;术中出血量10~40ml,平均25ml;术后住院7~8d,平均7.3d;术中术后无并发症发生。19例随访2~12个月,平均5.5个月,经静脉肾盂造影或B超检查未见积水及结石复发。结论:腹腔镜辅助体外输尿管切开取石术结合了开腹手术与腹腔镜手术的优点,减少了手术创伤,缩短了手术时间,手术难度降低,术后患者康复快,效果满意。     

后腹腔镜根治性肾输尿管切除术21例报告

目的:探讨后腹腔镜根治性肾输尿管切除术的疗效。方法:2003年10月至2006年10月我们对21例肾盂或输尿管移行细胞癌患者行后腹腔镜根治性肾输尿管切除术,其中肾盂癌13例,输尿管癌8例。经尿道输尿管口切除术处理末段输尿管,使用Hem-O-lock结扎锁处理肾动静脉。结果:本组手术时间180-300m in,平均220m in;出血量40-100m l,平均60m l;术中、术后未发生明显并发症。随访2-35个月,2例发生膀胱移行细胞癌。结论:后腹腔镜根治性肾输尿管切除术具有创伤小、术后恢复快等优点,用Hem-O-lock结扎锁处理肾动静脉安全可靠,经济实用。     

术前置D-J管后腹腔镜手术治疗输尿管结石

目的:探讨术前膀胱镜下留置D-J管后腹腔镜下输尿管切开取石治疗输尿管结石的效果。方法:对38例输尿管中上段结石患者,行后腹腔镜输尿管切开取石治疗,术前膀胱镜下留置D-J管。结果:38例手术均成功,手术完成率100%,手术时间平均50min,术中出血量平均15ml;术后漏尿3例。术后3~5d拔除后腹膜腔引流管,留置导尿5~7d,术后住院平均6d。随访2~22个月,患者肾输尿管积水明显好转,无结石复发和输尿管切口处狭窄。结论:后腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术前置D-J管安全可行;比术中置管具有损伤小、寻找输尿管容易、出血少、手术时间短、术后并发症少等优点,二者结合,适用于输尿管中上段结石的治疗。     

The implications of lighted ureteral stenting in laparoscopic colectomy.

OBJECTIVE: The placement of indwelling ureteral catheters during colorectal surgery has been recommended for prevention of ureteral injuries. With the advent of laparoscopic colectomy (LCo), the role of preoperative placement of lighted ureteral stents (LUS) has also become commonplace. We sought to evaluate the value of lighted ureteral stent placement in laparoscopic colectomy. METHODS: Sixty-six patients underwent LCo with LUS inserted preoperatively. Stents were removed in the immediate postoperative period. Two surgeons performed all the colectomies; 32 patients were males and 34 were females. Fifty patients underwent sigmoid colectomy, 4 had abdominoperineal resection, 4 had right colectomy, and 1 each had transverse or subtotal colectomy. Eighteen patients had a diagnosis of cancer, 34 had diverticular disease, and 14 had neoplastic polyps. Forty patients had bilateral and 26 had unilateral stent placement. A review of the incidence of ureteral injuries, hematuria, and anuria as the cause of acute renal failure was accomplished, comparing the unilateral and bilateral stented groups. RESULTS: One (1.5%) patient suffered a left ureteral laceration during sigmoid colectomy. This was managed successfully with stent reinsertion. Sixty-five (98.4%) patients had gross hematuria lasting 2.93 days (1 to 6 days). The cost of bilateral stent placement was $1,504.32. A statistically significant difference occurred in the duration of hematuria (days) between patients who had unilateral (2.5 +/- 0.82) and bilateral stent placement (3.37 +/- 1.05), (P < 0.001). Four patients suffered from anuria, 2 required renal support needing hemodialysis for 3 to 6 days, 3 (75%) had bilateral stents, and 1 (25%) had a unilateral stent. CONCLUSIONS: We recommend the placement of lighted ureteral stents as a valuable adjunct to laparoscopic colectomy to safeguard ureteral integrity. Transient hematuria is common but requires no intervention. Reflux anuria occurs infrequently and is reversible.     

钬激光输尿管镜下碎石与经皮肾取石治疗嵌顿性输尿管上段结石的比较

目的比较钬激光输尿管硬镜碎石与经皮肾取石术治疗嵌顿性输尿管上段结石的疗效。方法106例单侧伴有肾积水的嵌顿性输尿管上段结石,48例采用URL治疗（URL组）,58例采用PCNL治疗（PCNL组）,统计分析2组的结石清除率及手术并发症。结果术后1 d结石清除率URL组25.0%（12/48）显著低于PCNL组98.3%（57/58）（χ^2=62.065,P=0.000）;术后3个月结石清除率URL组77.1%（37/48）显著低于PCNL组100%（58/58）（χ^2=14.831,P=0.000）;术后高热（T〉38.5℃）率URL组8.3%（4/48）与PCNL组6.9%（4/58）无统计学差异（χ^2=0.000,P=1.000）。结论对于嵌顿性输尿管上段结石,在有条件且技术成熟的医院PCNL可作为治疗的首选方法。     

输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石治疗输尿管中下段结石伴息肉(附56例报告)

目的探讨输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石治疗输尿管中下段结石伴息肉的方法. 方法回顾分析56例输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石治疗输尿管中下段结石伴息肉的临床资料. 结果 56例均取得成功,无并发症发生. 结论输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石同时治疗输尿管中下段结石和息肉可行.     

移植肾输尿管梗阻的介入治疗

目的　探讨介入治疗对移植肾积水的有效性和安全性。方法　 7例肾移植术后发生积水者行介入治疗 ,其中输尿管膀胱吻合处狭窄 6例 ,结石梗阻 1例。 2例行经皮穿刺肾引流术、1例行狭窄段输尿管顺行球囊扩张术 ,4例行顺行球囊扩张 +双J管植入术。术后平均随访 31个月。结果　介入治疗手术成功率为 1 0 0 % ,无 1例发生并发症。血肌酐由术前 (434 .0± 66 .5) μmol/L ,下降至术后 (1 39.9± 50 .4) μmol/L ,6例随访 4～ 51个月无复发。 结论　介入治疗移植肾积水是安全和有效的首选方法。采用B超导向和同轴穿刺技术可以提高肾盂穿刺的准确性与安全性 ,减少患者的痛苦。     

良性前列腺增生患者膀胱内前列腺突入测定的临床意义

目的探讨良性前列腺增生（BPH）患者前列腺突入膀胱内的程度对膀胱出口梗阻及逼尿肌功能的预测与评价。方法以经腹超声证实前列腺突入膀胱内的BPH患者为研究组,无突入的患者为对照组,分析两组间临床资料及尿动力学检查结果的关系。结果研究组临床资料中,前列腺体积、残余尿量、急性尿潴留及膀胱小梁化的比率与对照组相比差异有统计学意义（p〈0．05）,膀胱内前列腺突入程度与前列腺体积、残余尿量呈正相关（r分别为0．401,0．342,p值分别为0．013,0．0231）;在尿动力学结果中,研究组排尿期最大尿流率（Qmax）、逼尿肌不稳定及低顺应性膀胱的比率与对照组相比差异显著（p〈0．01）,排尿期最大逼尿肌压力（Pdet.max）及梗阻指数显著高于对照组（p〈0．05）,膀胱内前列腺突入程度与Qmax呈负相关（r=-0．284,p=0．045）,与Pdet．max及膀胱出口梗阻指数（BOOI）呈正相关（r分别为0．252,0．456,p值分别为0．041,0．032）。结论前列腺突入膀胱的BPH患者膀胱出口梗阻及膀胱功能受损的程度明显高于无突入患者;经B超测定膀胱内前列腺突入的程度,可以预测及评价膀胱出口梗阻的程度和膀胱功能的改变。     

不同麻醉方法下输尿管镜钬激光碎石术治疗输尿管上段结石的比较

目的：观察比较腰麻-硬膜外联合麻醉（CSEA）和喉罩通气全麻用于输尿管上段结石钬激光碎石术的有效性和安全性。方法：输尿管上段结石患者192例,随机分为两组,分别采用CSEA和喉罩通气全麻,均行输尿管镜下钬激光碎石术治疗。比较两组患者术中血压、心率变化以及手术时间、手术操作难易程度、结石返回肾脏发生率和术中患者不适程度。结果：麻醉后及术中,CSEA组有明显血压下降和心率增加（P〈0．05）,喉罩通气全麻组无明显变化;喉罩通气全麻组无明显体动,呼吸控制良好,易于碎石手术操作,患者无不适反应,结石返回肾脏发生率低于CSEA组。结论：对于输尿管上段结石,钬激光碎石术、喉罩通气全麻比CSEA更安全和舒适,更有利于手术操作、缩短手术时间和提高碎石成功率。     

Legg-Perthes病动物模型设计与评价

目的：设计制作静脉回受阻Legg-Perthes病动物模型，并对其进行观察评价。方法：选择健康杂种幼犬20只，雌雄不拘。采用自身对照方法，一侧髋用来实验，一侧髋作为对照，应用套针经皮大于转子下方穿入股骨颈中央达股骨头颈部骺板远侧，注入1ml医用TH胶，于实验不同时期行骨骺后内压、X线、CT检查，组织标本行常规病理检查，结果：实验制作了影像及组织病理变化类似于人类Legg-Perthes病的动物模型。结论：此模型设计合理，制作方法简单，重复性较强。