在胸腰椎转移瘤分离手术中应用短节段骨水泥强化椎弓根螺钉固定的临床研究

【摘要】 目的：探讨在胸腰椎转移瘤分离手术中应用骨水泥强化椎弓根螺钉固定的临床疗效。方法：回顾性分析2018年2月~2019年10月于我院行分离手术治疗的伴有硬脊膜外脊髓压迫症（epidural spinal cord compression,ESCC）的胸腰椎转移性肿瘤患者59例,其中男25例,女34例,年龄56.2±7.5岁（45～76岁）。所有患者均采用骨水泥强化椎弓根螺钉固定,共置入236枚螺钉。统计手术时间、术中失血量、输血量、术后住院天数,患者术前、术后3个月的Frankel脊髓损伤分级,患者术前、术后7d、3个月及末次随访的疼痛视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale,VAS）及Karnofsky功能评分,围手术期相关并发症情况。收集患者术前、术后7d及末次随访时手术节段正侧位X线片,随访观察有无内固定失败及手术节段矢状位Cobb角的变化。结果：患者随访时间为18.3±3.9个月（5～34个月）;患者手术时间为169.0±23.7min（125～210min）,术中出血量为535±120.0ml（200～1300ml）,术中输少浆血1.2±0.6u（0～6u）、血浆105±32ml（0～400ml）;术后住院时间6.5±2.3d（5～11d）。术中发生骨水泥渗漏2例,均为椎前静脉少量渗漏,暂停注射后渗漏未进展,术后无不良反应;脑脊液漏1例,患者俯卧位以及补液等对症处理后痊愈;伤口愈合不良2例,予以清创缝合后伤口愈合。术后VAS评分、Frankel分级、Karnofsky功能评分与术前相比均有显著性改善（P＜0.05）。无内固定失败,末次随访时手术节段Cobb角较手术后即刻无显著性差异（22.5°±2.1° vs 21.2°±1.8°,P>0.05）。结论：对伴有ESCC的脊柱转移瘤患者行分离手术时,应用骨水泥强化椎弓根螺钉可以提供更加坚强的脊柱稳定性。     

Delayed normalization of C-Reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate was not associated with inferior clinical outcomes after total knee arthroplasty

BackgroundThe purpose of this study aimed to identify the proportion of patients with delayed normalization of C-reactive protein (CRP) and Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) after TKA, to determine postoperative thresholds predictive of prolonged elevation. Further, we aimed to determine if the clinical outcomes of patients with prolonged elevation were inferior to those without prolonged elevation.MethodsThe records of 211 unilateral and 320 bilateral TKA were reviewed. Patients were divided into the normal and elevation group based on CRP and ESR levels at 6 weeks and 3 months. The temporal pattern of CRP and ESR change in both groups was compared, and thresholds predictive of elevation at 6 weeks and 3 months were identified. Further, the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) index and Tegner activity scale of both groups at 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years after TKA were compared.ResultsThe proportion of patients with elevated CRP and ESR at 6 weeks and 3 months was CRP: 24.2%, 10%, ESR: 51.6%, 29.9% in unilateral and CRP: 31.5%, 10.6%, ESR: 58.1%, 42.7% in bilateral TKA. The thresholds for elevation at 6 weeks and 3 months were 9.5 mg/dL, 11.4 mg/dL (CRP at 6 weeks) and 81.5 mm/h, 74.5 mm/h (ESR at 3 months). There was no difference in the WOMAC score and Tegner activity scale between both groups.ConclusionsCRP and ESR are often elevated for a prolonged period even in the absence of infection after TKA. Such cases show distinct temporal patterns, which are predictable, and do not appear to have a significant effect on clinical outcome     

齿状突骨折伴寰枢椎不稳的手术治疗

目的:探讨齿状突骨折伴寰枢椎不稳的治疗方案及疗效。方法 :2005年4月~2014年2月共手术治疗Ⅱ、Ⅲ型齿状突骨折患者48例,男33例,女15例,年龄21~74岁,平均43.3±29.0岁。新鲜骨折43例,陈旧骨折5例。按Grauer分型:Ⅱa型12例,Ⅱb型13例,Ⅱc型11例,浅Ⅲ型12例。术前均有外伤史,伴有颈部疼痛和活动受限。术前常规行颅骨牵引,牵引后骨折均有不同程度的复位。根据患者骨折类型、年龄、牵引复位情况、骨质情况、全身条件选择手术方式,22例采用前路单枚中空齿状突螺钉固定,其中1例因C6椎体骨折同时行C6椎体次全切除钛网支撑植骨钢板固定。24例采用经后路寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉固定取髂骨植骨融合,其中1例行一期后路C1/2椎弓根螺钉植骨融合+前路C5椎体次全切除钛网置入钢板内固定术,4例因椎动脉骑跨采用枢椎椎板螺钉固定。2例高龄患者因体质差合并骨质疏松,不能耐受全麻手术,行Halo-vest架固定。随访观察患者骨折融合率、颈椎活动度及神经功能恢复情况。结果:患者均顺利完成手术。前路手术患者中2例在术后1周复查CT时发现骨折移位,1例行翻修手术,取出内固定后重新置钉,再次复查CT示骨折复位满意,6个月后骨折愈合;1例改为后路C1/2椎弓根螺钉内固定植骨融合术,术后4个月植骨融合;2例发生喉上神经损伤,出现饮水呛咳,经对症处理后症状缓解。后路手术患者1例术中出现椎动脉破裂,置入螺钉后出血停止,未特殊处理;1例枢椎椎弓根螺钉进入椎管,无神经损伤症状,未特殊处理。所有患者均未发生脑脊液漏和脊髓损伤。随访12~120个月,平均25±72个月,骨折均达到骨性愈合。前路手术组颈椎屈伸和旋转功能正常,后路手术组颈椎旋转功能有不同程度受限。结论:对于齿状突骨折伴寰枢椎不稳的患者,根据骨折类型、患者年龄、牵引复位情况、骨质情况、全身条件综合考虑,制定个体化的手术方案,可获得良好的治疗效果。     

GSS椎弓根螺钉结合椎间融合器治疗创伤性腰椎滑脱症临床分析

目的探讨GSS椎弓根螺钉系统结合椎间融合器治疗创伤性腰椎滑脱症的临床疗效。方法对12例创伤性腰椎滑脱症患者采用GSS椎弓根螺钉系统结合椎间融合器治疗,比较手术前后症状改善情况,了解复位程度及骨性融合情况。结果 12例均获随访,时间12~24个月,无内固定物拔出、断裂等情况发生,9例临床症状完全消失,3例仍遗留有下肢麻木;10例完全复位,2例残留Ⅰ度滑脱,12个月时均获得椎间骨性融合。结论应用GSS椎弓根螺钉系统结合椎间融合器治疗创伤性腰椎滑脱症可以使腰椎获得有效复位和坚强固定,提高植骨融合率,临床近期疗效满意,远期疗效需要进一步观察。     

椎弓根内壁显露法在寰枢椎椎弓根固定中的应用

目的探讨椎弓根内壁显露在寰枢椎椎弓根固定的临床应用价值。方法通过显露寰椎椎弓根内壁和枢椎椎弓根内上壁,共置入椎弓根螺钉219枚,其中寰椎107枚,枢椎112枚。结果一次性置钉成功198枚,术后X线和CT检查螺钉均位于椎弓根内,上倾及内倾角度良好,无置钉有关的并发症。结论术中显露寰椎椎弓根内壁和枢椎椎弓根内上壁,可以提高寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉的置钉准确率,减少透视次数,减少出血量,节约手术时间,适合临床推广使用。     

骨质疏松患者脊柱内固定技术的进展

近年来骨质疏松性脊柱内固定技术研究有了新的进展,椎弓根螺钉强化技术是目前临床上提高螺钉稳定性的主要技术之一。椎弓根螺钉设计研究热点从螺钉的长度、大小与把持力相关性研究逐渐转向设计更佳螺钉形态并与骨水泥强化技术相结合的研究;脊柱融合理念及技术措施都是更加强调脊柱的整体平衡;临床上攻丝是否能提高椎弓根螺钉的旋入扭矩和把持力仍有争论。该文就骨质疏松患者脊柱内固定技术的进展进行综述。     

后路经伤椎单节段与双节段固定治疗胸腰段骨折疗效比较

目的比较后路经伤椎单节段与双节段固定治疗胸腰段骨折的临床疗效。方法将70例胸腰段骨折患者根据固定方式不同分为单节段组(采用后路经伤椎单节段固定,33例)和双节段组(采用经伤椎双节段固定,37例)。比较两组患者手术时间、出血量(术中失血量+术后引流量)、住院天数、围手术期并发症、术后24个月ODI、术后伤椎高度矫正率、术后24个月伤椎高度矫正丢失率、术后Cobb角矫正率及术后24个月Cobb角矫正丢失率。结果患者均获得随访,时间24个月。两组患者住院天数、术后并发症发生率、术后伤椎高度矫正率、术后Cobb角矫正率、术后24个月ODI等比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者的手术时间、出血量、术后24个月伤椎高度矫正丢失率、术后24个月Cobb角矫正丢失率比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论后路经伤椎单节段与双节段固定治疗胸腰段骨折均能获得满意的临床疗效,单节段固定手术时间及出血量较少,双节段固定够有效恢复并维持椎体高度、减少术后后凸畸形矫正丢失。     

单侧双通道内镜下腰椎融合术后隐性失血的危险因素分析

【摘要】 目的：观察单侧双通道内镜下腰椎融合术（unilateral biportal endoscopic transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion,UBE-TLIF）术后的隐性失血情况,并对其相关危险因素进行分析。方法：回顾性分析2020年1月~2021年6月在我院行UBE-TLIF治疗的59例腰椎退行性疾病患者的临床资料,收集患者一般资料如年龄、性别、体质指数（body mass index,BMI）、学习曲线、疾病类型以及是否合并有高血压、糖尿病;手术相关资料如病变节段、手术时间、显性失血量、美国麻醉师协会麻醉分级（American Society of Anesthesiologists,ASA）;实验室检查如凝血酶原时间、活化部分凝血活酶时间、血小板计数、纤维蛋白原、血红蛋白（hemoglobin,Hb）和红细胞压积（hematocrit,Hct）。根据Gross公式计算总失血量,并由此计算患者的术后隐性失血量,采用单因素方差分析和Pearson相关性检验探讨患者的特征与术后隐性失血之间的相关性,采用多元线性回归分析确定术后隐性失血的独立危险因素,构建危险因素的受试者工作特征（receiver operating characteristic,ROC）曲线以分析危险因素的预测价值。结果：手术时间为128.22±22.88min,总失血量为607.32±186.78ml,隐性失血量为393.83±173.42ml,占总失血量的（62.13±11.73）%。术后Hb、Hct均较术前明显降低（P<0.05）。单因素方差分析中性别、高血压、糖尿病、手术节段、疾病类型与隐性失血无明显相关性（P>0.05）,学习曲线和ASA分级与隐性失血具有相关性（P<0.001）。Pearson相关性分析显示,年龄、BMI、凝血酶原时间、活化部分凝血活酶时间、血小板计数与隐性失血无相关性（P>0.05）,手术时间、纤维蛋白原与隐性失血具有相关性（P<0.001）。多元线性回归分析显示,手术时间（B=2.236,P<0.01）、学习曲线（B=-109.781,P<0.01）、ASA分级（B=77.589,P<0.01）和纤维蛋白原（B=81.762,P<0.01）是隐性失血的独立危险因素。ROC曲线显示手术时间预测严重隐性失血的ROC曲线下面积（area under curve,AUC）为0.813（95%CI：0.688~0.938,P<0.001）,最佳截点为139.5min;纤维蛋白原的AUC为0.794（95%CI：0.654~0.934,P<0.001）,最佳截点为2.65g/L。结论：UBE-TLIF治疗腰椎退行性疾病存在较大的术后隐性失血,手术时间、学习曲线、ASA分级和纤维蛋白原是术后隐性失血的独立危险因素。     

中线腰椎椎间融合术与微创通道下经椎间孔椎体间融合术单侧入路双侧减压治疗单节段腰椎管狭窄症的对比研究

【摘要】 目的：比较中线腰椎椎体间融合术（midline lumbar interbody fusion,MIDLIF）与微创通道下经椎间孔椎体间融合术（minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion,MIS-TLIF）单侧入路双侧减压治疗单节段腰椎管狭窄症的临床疗效。方法：回顾性分析2017年1月~2020年1月我院骨科采用MIDLIF技术与MIS-TLIF单侧入路双侧减压技术治疗的44例伴双侧症状的腰椎管狭窄症患者,其中L3-4 2例;L4-5 41例;L5-S1 1例。21例患者接受MIDLIF技术治疗,23例患者接受MIS-TLIF单侧入路双侧减压技术治疗。两组患者随访时间、性别无统计学差异（P＞0.05）;MIDLIF组年龄较MIS-TLIF组大（P＜0.05）。记录两组患者手术时间、下地时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、平均住院时间;于术前、术后1个月、3个月、6个月、12个月及末次随访采用视觉模拟评分法（visual analog scale,VAS）来评估腰痛及腿痛情况,术后6个月、12个月及末次随访采用腰椎Oswestry功能障碍指数（Oswestry disabity index,ODI）评定患者躯体功能、行走等整体生活质量。通过腰椎三维CT比较两组患者术前及末次随访时椎管横截面积（intervertebral canal cross-sectional area,ICCA）和硬膜囊横截面积 （dural sac cross-sectional area,DSCA）,术前及末次随访时腰椎正侧位X线片比较椎间隙高度（椎间隙前侧、后侧及平均高度）,并记录相关并发症。结果：44例患者均顺利完成手术。MIDLIF组出现1例脑脊液漏;MIS-TLIF组术后出现1例对侧神经症状加重患者;2例患者经对症处理后均好转。随访时间22~28个月,平均26.5个月。末次随访时44例植骨均融合,未出现内固定松动或断裂等情况。两组术后平均下地时间、平均住院时间无统计学差异（P＞0.05）;MIDLIF组手术时间（159.74±30.54min）比MIS-TLIF组（202.46±61.56min）短,有统计学差异（P＜0.05）;MIS-TLIF组术后引流量（55.35±53.24ml）比MIDLIF组（163.74±145.67ml）少,有统计学差异（P＜0.05）;两组患者术前腰痛及腿痛VAS评分及DOI无统计学差异（P＞0.05）;两组术后1个月、3个月、6个月、12个月及末次随访腰痛及腿痛VAS评分较术前降低,有统计学差异（P＜0.05）;术后两组间各时间点比较均无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。两组术后6个月、12个月及末次随访腰椎ODI较术前均降低,有统计学差异（P＜0.05）;术后两组间各时间点比较均无统计学差异（P＞0.05）;两组间术前ICCA、DSCA无统计学差异（P＞0.05）;两组患者术后ICCA、DSCA较术前均明显增大,有统计学差异（P＜0.05）,且MIDLIF组ICCA（184.42±46.74mm2）较MIS-TLIF组（135.54±42.63mm2）增大更明显;两组术后椎间隙前侧及平均高度均较术前明显增高（P＜0.05）,术后椎间隙前侧及平均高度无统计学差异（P＞0.05）,术后椎间隙后侧高度有统计学差异（P＜0.05）。结论：MIDLIF和MIS-TLIF单侧入路双侧减压治疗双侧症状的腰椎管狭窄症患者临床疗效确切,且MIDLIF技术手术时间相对更少,术后ICCA增大更多。MIDLIF技术减压更广泛、更直接。     

A Novel Free-hand Technique of Pedicle Screw Placement in the Lumbar Spine: Accuracy Evaluation and Preliminary Clinical Results

Objective

Pedicle screw implantation is the most common technique to achieve stability during spinal surgeries. Current methods for locating the entry point do not have a quantified criteria and highly rely on the surgeons' experience. Therefore, we aim to propose a quantified pedicle screw placement technique in the lumbar spine and to investigate its accuracy and safety in clinical practice.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective study involving 110 patients who received spinal surgery in our hospital from August 2018 to August 2021. All patients included had herniation of a single lumbar disc and were consistently treated with posterior discectomy, inter-body fusion, and transpedicular internal fixation. For 54 patients in the observation group, the pedicle screws were placed with our technique, which is located at 4 mm below the superior edge of the transverse process in line with the lateral margin of the superior articular process. For 56 patients in the control group, pedicle screws were placed according to the traditional crista lambdoidalis method. Comparisons were made in terms of the operation time, blood loss, time for exposure, the accuracy of placement, and postoperative complications. Furthermore, we applied our method to 64 patients with indistinguishable crista lambdoidalis and evaluated the accuracy of screw placement and clinical outcomes according to the visual analogue scale (VAS) and the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score.

Results

There was no significant difference in intraoperative bleeding, accuracy of placement, and postoperative complications between our technique and the traditional crista lambdoidalis method (P > 0.05). However, the exposure time before screw placement (12.8 ± 0.3 vs. 17.4 ± 0.3, P = 0.001) and the total surgery time (97.2 ± 1.9 vs 102.3 ± 0.9, P = 0.020) were significantly shortened with our method. Additionally, in cases with indistinguishable crista lambdoidalis, our technique showed satisfying accuracy, with 97.6% screws placed in appropriate trajectory on the first attempt and all screws eventually positioned in the safe zone according to the Gertzbein–Robbins grading. All patients experienced steady improvement after surgery.

Conclusion

Placing pedicle screws at 4 mm below the superior edge of the transverse process in line with the lateral margin of the superior articular process is a viable pedicle screw placement method. With this method, we observed a higher success rate and shorter operation time. In addition, this method can be applied in cases with indistinguishable crista lambdoidalis, and have satisfied success rate and clinical outcome.