Nonprogressive Unilateral Intracranial Arteriopathy in Children with Arterial Ischemic Stroke

The nonprogressive unilateral intracranial arteriopathy known as transient (focal) cerebral arteriopathy is not a well-recognized arteriopathy among practitioners of Korea and Japan, although it cannot be easily differentiated from early moyamoya disease. This review summarizes the nomenclature, pathophysiology, diagnostic evaluation, clinico-radiological features, and management of nonprogressive (reversible or stable) unilateral arteriopathy based on the relevant literature and our own experiences. Nonprogressive unilateral arteriopathy should be strongly suspected in children presenting with basal ganglia infarction and arterial beading. The early identification of patients likely to have nonprogressive or progressive arteriopathy would ensure proper management and guide further research for secondary stroke prevention.     

单侧椎弓根钉联合对侧关节突螺钉内固定治疗下腰椎退行性疾病

目的探讨单侧椎弓根钉结合对侧椎板关节突螺钉固定在治疗下腰椎退行性疾病中的临床价值。方法回顾我院2011-06-2012-06年间收治的60例下腰椎退行性疾病患者,随机分为2组。30例观察组患者在微创系统下以椎弓根钉联合对侧的椎板关节突螺钉固定术对患者进行治疗;30例对照组患者以后路双侧弓根螺钉内固定术进行治疗。以Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)、疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)对两组的疗效进行对比;并对两组患者切口大小、手术用时、出血量、引流量、住院天数以及椎体稳定性、再手术率进行对比分析。结果术后1周,观察组患者VAS得分显著性高于对照组,P0.05,术后3、6个月,两组患者VAS和ODI评分无显著性差异,P0.05;观察组患者的切口大小、手术用时、出血量、引流量、住院天数等都显著性少于对照组患者,P0.05;两组患者的融合率比较无显著性差异;观察组患者椎体稳定性高于对照组,P0.05;观察组患者椎体再手术率低于对照组,P0.05。结论单侧椎弓根钉联合对侧椎板关节突螺钉内固定术临床操作简单、创部出血量少、稳定可靠、疗效确切,值得推广。     

单侧通道椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松脊柱压缩性骨折

目的探讨单侧通道椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松脊柱压缩性骨折的临床效果。方法选择2012-01—2012-12间收治的骨质疏松脊柱压缩性骨折患者42例,行单侧通道椎体后凸成形术,观察患者的治疗效果及疼痛评分等指标。结果患者治疗后椎体高度(26.94±12.35)mm,显著优于治疗前(15.23±5.32)mm,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后疼痛评分(1.01±0.21)分,明显低于治疗前(7.64±1.34)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。患者出院后随访6~12个月,平均8.7个月,42例患者未发生感染及血管栓塞等并发症,术后3 d下床活动,7 d后出院。1 a后复查,患者骨水泥充盈良好。结论骨质疏松脊柱压缩性骨折采用单侧通道椎体后凸成形术治疗,疗效可靠,值得临床推广。     

后路经皮穿刺空心椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折

目的探讨后路经皮穿刺空心椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折可行性及其疗效。方法选择26例损伤平面以下无神经功能损害无需进行椎板减压的单纯胸腰椎骨折患者,Denis三柱分型均为不稳定骨折,后路复位固定手术指针明确。在C臂机定位下行椎弓根穿刺,透视穿刺针,正、侧位片确认位于椎弓根内合适位置,切开皮肤约1.5 cm,依次攻丝,植入万向椎弓根螺钉,撑开、复位和固定。采用视觉模拟疼痛评分(VAS)、功能障碍指数(ODI)以及测量Cobb角评定疗效。结果患者均顺利完成手术,无切口感染、神经根或者脊髓损伤等并发症。手术时间35~80(60±15)min,术中出血量40~110(85±10)ml。患者均获随访,时间18~32个月。VAS术前7.8分±1.1分、术后2.0分±0.6分;Cobb角术前45.1°±3.5°、术后6.3°±3.6°;两项指标与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后椎体前缘高度及后凸畸形得到矫正。内固定取出后复查X线Cobb角为7.8°±1.4°,与术后比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.52),椎体高度无明显丢失。术后1个月ODI评分8.0分±0.6分,取出内固定ODI评分6.5分±0.8分(P0.05)。术后12~26个月取出内固定,无内固定断裂患者。结论后路经皮穿刺空心椎弓根螺钉内固定技术适合无需减压(或椎管探查)的胸腰椎骨折。     

后路半椎体全切钉棒固定治疗幼儿先天性脊柱侧凸畸形

目的：评价后路半椎体切除钉棒固定治疗幼儿先天性脊柱侧后凸畸形的临床效果。方法采用后路一期半椎体切除、椎弓根螺钉固定治疗16例完全性半椎体畸形患儿,手术时年龄12～27（15．56±3．79）个月。术前侧凸 Cobb 角为32°～45°（38．35°±3．44°）,Bending 位侧凸26°～72°（53．26°±7．28°）。结果手术时间145～210（185±25）min,术中出血量220～580（375±58）ml,输血量300～480（450±38）ml;固定节段4～6（5．12±0．75）个椎体。患儿均获随访,时间13～26（18．5±3．2）个月。术后患儿站立位全脊柱正、侧位 X线片示侧凸 Cobb 角9°～15°（12．26°±2．06°）,平均矫正率68．4％;末次随访时侧凸 Cobb 角12°～20°（17°±1．56°）,丢失约5°,平均矫正率55．3％。术后伤口愈合不良1例,无神经系统并发症。结论采用一期后路半椎体切除、钉棒固定治疗幼儿先天性脊柱侧凸畸形,可直接去除致畸因素,在幼儿可获得良好的临床效果。     

Chronic unilateral locked facet joint with spinal cord injury in a 26-month-old child: A case report

Objectives

This study presents the successful posterior surgical reduction and fusion on a 26-month-old child with chronic unilateral locked facet joint and spinal cord injury (SCI).

Methods

A 26-month-old child with chronic unilateral locked facet joint and SCI treated by posterior surgical reduction and fusion. Plaster external fixation was applied and rehabilitation exercise was trained post-operatively.

Results

Chronic unilateral locked facet joint was reduced successfully and bone fusion of C4/5 was achieved 3 months after surgery. The function of both lower limbs was improved 1 year after surgery, aided with physical rehabilitation.

Conclusion

Unilateral locked facet joint in pediatric population is rare. Few clinical experiences were found in the literature. Non-surgical treatment has advantages of not being invasive and is preferred for acute patients; however, it may not be suitable for chronic unilateral locked facet joint with SCI, in which surgical intervention is needed.     

短节段经伤椎单侧置钉固定与其结合椎体内植骨治疗胸腰椎骨折的疗效比较

目的 探讨短节段经伤椎单侧置钉固定与其结合椎体内植骨治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析自2009-06-2012-06行手术治疗的胸腰椎骨折245例的相关资料.采用短节段经伤椎单侧置钉固定术131例,行短节段经伤椎单侧置钉固定结合椎体内植骨术114例,测量伤椎及其上、下相邻正常椎体的前缘、中间的高度、伤椎后凸Cobb角,比较两组的椎体压缩率、矫正度丢失、术中出血量、手术时间和患者满意度.结果 术后随访18～24个月,平均21.8个月,随访期间椎体高度均无严重丢失,无钉棒弯曲、松动或断裂.伤椎椎体压缩率由术前的(45.59±5.2)％和(46.48±7.5)％降至术后的(8.76±4.8)％和(9.24±4.6)％;后凸Cobb角由术前的(25.8±3.8)°和(24.6±4.2)°降至术后的(9.8±1.7)°和(8.6±2.7)°,两者无明显变化(P＞0.05).2组伤椎中间高度由术前的(56.74±8.6)％和(55.60±7.3)％升至术后的(85.26±10.52)％和(92.52±8.4)％,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 短节段经伤椎单侧置钉固定与其结合椎体内植骨治疗胸腰椎骨折均可取得满意治疗效果.     

单双侧椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩骨折的疗效分析

目的 对比单双侧椎体后凸成形术(PKP)治疗骨质疏松性单一胸腰椎压缩骨折的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析自2010-06-2013-04北京积水潭医院脊柱科诊治的PKP患者451例,分为单侧和双侧入路组.评价指标:手术时间、透视次数、骨水泥量、VAS评分、椎体高度、Cobb角及骨水泥渗漏.结果 所有患者均顺利完成手术.平均手术时间、骨水泥填充量、平均手术时间、骨水泥注射量、X线曝光时间2组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).2组术后VAS评分、平均椎体高度、Cobb角较术前显著改善,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).2组骨水泥渗漏率相似,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 单侧入路行PKP治疗骨质疏松性单椎体骨折比双侧入路具有手术时间更短、X线放射次数更少等优点,能取得经双侧入路穿刺相似的治疗效果.