Novel in Vitro Efficiency of Chitosan Biomolecule against Trichomonas gallinae

Background

Development of new natural agents for parasitic diseases treatment has unexpectedly increased to overcome effectively against emergence and re-emergence of parasitic diseases, the appearance of drug resistant organisms and toxic side effects of current agents. The aim of the study was to evaluate antiprotozoal activities of chitosan biomolecule on trophozoites of Trichomonas gallinae.

Methods

The antitrichomonal activity of various low molecular weight chitosan concentrations including 125, 250, 500 and 1250 µg ml⁻¹ against T. gallinae trophozoites cultured in trypticase-yeast extract-maltose medium supplemented with heat-inactivated cold horse serum was evaluated in vitro. Samples containing medium without chitosan were also assayed as controls.

Results

The mortality rates at 0, 3 and 6 h post treatment with all concentrations were significantly different from control group (P<0.05). Treated trophozoites showed more susceptibility to the highest concentration reaching mortality rate of 100% at 3h post inoculation. However, at this time, results for 125, 250 and 500 µg ml⁻¹ were 93%, 95% and 96.7%, respectively.

Conclusion

The results demonstrate that the application of chitosan biomolecule is a promising option for treatment of trichomoniasis in pigeons.     

9种牙膏在体外对口腔毛滴虫的作用效果研究

目的 研究常用的9种牙膏在体外对口腔毛滴虫的作用效果,为正确选择牙膏提供一定理论基础.方法 通过体外传代培养口腔毛滴虫,以甲苯胺蓝染液为指示测试不同牙膏及相同牙膏不同浓度在体外对口腔毛滴虫的作用效果.结果 在浓度分别是3％、5％、7％、9％浓度下不同的牙膏对口腔毛滴虫的致死时间差距很大.结论 在体外对口腔毛滴虫杀伤效果最好的是完美夜用装,最差的是冷酸灵去渍亮白.     

妇科阴道毛滴虫感染分析及预防措施

目的 对妇科阴道毛滴虫感染情况进行分析探讨,并结合感染情况研究预防措施.方法 提取医院2010年5月-2011年4月门诊妇科检查资料,对感染阴道毛滴虫患者的年龄、月份、季节感染率进行对比分析,了解阴道毛滴虫感染情况.结果 妇科门诊进行检查的妇科患者共1680例,其中阴道毛滴虫感染者118例,感染率为7.0％ ;35岁年龄组感染率较高,明显高于其他年龄组,40岁组次之;春季感染较多,为10.0％,高于其他季节.结论 妇科阴道毛滴虫感染以35～45岁中青年女性居多,保持个人外阴清洁、做好卫生保健,是预防本病的重要手段.     

妊娠期妇女生殖道感染的分析

目的 了解无锡市妊娠期妇女的生殖道感染情况,为保障母婴健康提供依据.方法 采集1117例妊娠期妇女阴道或宫颈分泌物进行生殖道感染检测.结果 无锡市1117例妊娠期妇女生殖道感染患病率为37.5%;支原体性阴道炎患病率为16.2％,衣原体性阴道炎患病率为0.8％,滴虫性阴道炎患病率为1.8％,细菌性阴道病(BV)患病率为3.7％,淋病患病率为0.4％,梅毒患病率为1.3％,外阴阴道假丝酵母菌感染患病率为13.3％;在不同户籍、职业、文化程度的孕妇中衣原体性阴道炎、滴虫性阴道炎、梅毒检出率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 无锡地区妊娠期妇女的生殖道感染率较高,应重视妊娠期妇女的生殖道感染常规筛查工作.     

抗阴道毛滴虫AP33单克隆抗体的制备及其功能初探

目的 制备阴道毛滴虫（T.υ317株）黏附蛋白抗原（AP33）单克隆抗体并初步分析鉴定其功能。　方法　将制备和纯化的融合黏附蛋白33（rAP33）为抗原，免疫BALB/c小鼠，共免疫3次（抗原含量分别为100、50和100 μg），每次间隔2周，末次免疫后3 d取小鼠脾细胞及SP2/0骨髓瘤细胞在聚乙二醇（PEG1500）作用下进行细胞融合，筛选出高滴度分泌的McAb 杂交瘤细胞株，测定其免疫球蛋白亚类及其效价，蛋白质印迹（Western blotting）分析其特异性，间接免疫荧光实验（IFAT）进行定位，并初步探讨其体外对阴道毛滴虫黏附HeLa细胞的抑制作用。 结果 经筛选获得能稳定分泌抗AP33单克隆抗体的5株（4A2， 4F11， 4F8， 4E7和4H11）杂交瘤细胞株，经免疫球蛋白类型和亚型鉴定为IgG1; ELISA和Western blotting分析显示，5 株单抗均能与重组阴道毛滴虫AP33发生特异性结合；IFAT显示其中4株（4F11， 4F8， 4E7， 4H11）可识别培养的阴道毛滴虫，体外滴虫黏附抑制实验显示终浓度分别为200、200、400和200 μg/ml，该4株单抗体外对滴虫黏附HeLa细胞的抑制率分别为50.08%、65.03%、50.70%和49.08%。 结论 制备的抗重组AP33单克隆抗体，体外对阴道毛滴虫黏附有较好的抑制功能。     

3种不同培养基体外培养阴道毛滴虫效果的比较

目的　探索阴道毛滴虫体外培养的适宜条件。　方法　用临床分离的阴道毛滴虫 ,按 9.0× 10 4 / ml的接种量转种至 3种不同培养基进行培养 ,p H值为 5 .6。　结果　经 3种培养基培养 ,96 h后阴道毛滴虫数量存在差异 ,其中以半胱氨酸 -肝 -胨 -麦芽糖培养基 培养基 )虫数较多 ,肝 -胨 -麦芽糖培养基 培养基 )次之 ,大豆 -肝 -胨 -麦芽糖培养基 培养基 )较少。培养基 与培养基 及培养基 相比较 ,滴虫存活率差异具有显著性意义 P<0 .0 1,P<0 .0 5 ) ,滴虫生长密度差异也具有显著性意义 P<0 .0 1,P<0 .0 5 ) ,生长密度高峰持续时间分别为 192 h、14 4 h和 96h,最长存活时间分别为 2 88h、2 16 h和 192 h。　结论　半胱氨酸 -肝 -胨 -麦芽糖培养基较适于阴道毛滴虫体外增殖     

阴道毛滴虫接触依赖性细胞毒性的分子作用及化学基础

阴道毛滴虫（以下简称滴虫）寄生于人体泌尿生殖道，在接触依赖性致病过程中，虫体对靶细胞的黏附起着关键性的作用，滴虫合成的酶分子可直接损伤上皮细胞，滴虫寄生部位的局部免疫反应可起到免疫保护作用，但炎症分子和免疫细胞又可加重病变损害，从整体水平来看，阴道毛滴虫的细胞毒性作用是多分子和多化学因素参与的共同结果。     

农村已婚妇女阴道毛滴虫感染现状及危险因素调查

目的了解农村已婚妇女阴道毛滴虫感染现状及影响因素，为实施干预措施提供依据。方法按经济水平分层整群随机抽样，以抽样村60岁以下已婚妇女为调查对象，进行阴道毛滴虫感染流行病学基线调查，同时采取阴道后穹窿阴道分泌物，悬滴法镜检阴道毛滴虫。结果在5781名被调查者中，共检出阴道毛滴虫感染者212例，总感染率3．67％。影响农村已婚妇女阴道毛滴虫感染的主要因素为：洁阴用具是否专用、每周清洗会阴次数、性病知识知晓水平。结论农村已婚妇女阴道毛滴虫感染与性病知识和洁阴习惯有关。     

阴道毛滴虫dsRNA病毒部分基因的克隆与序列分析

提取阴道毛滴虫总核酸为模板，根据GenBank中发表的阴道毛滴虫病毒序列（U08999，NC003873，NC003824，NC003834）设计1对简并引物，经RT?鄄PCR得到与预计大小一致的PCR特异性产物，将其进行克隆、测序，得到目的基因片段长度为1 454 bp，与阴道毛滴虫病毒T1株（U08999）的序列同源性最高为82.9%。     

An Association Between Trichomonas vaginalis and High-Risk Human Papillomavirus in Rural Tanzanian Women Undergoing Cervical Cancer Screening

Objective

The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of vaginitis and its association with high-risk human papillomavirus (HR HPV) in women undergoing cervical cancer screening in rural Tanzania.

Methods

For the purpose of cervical cancer screening, cytology and HR HPV polymerase chain reaction data were collected from 324 women aged between 30 and 60 years. Microscopy and gram stains were used to detect yeast and bacterial vaginosis. Cervical nucleic acid amplification test specimens were collected for the detection of Trichomonas vaginalis (TV), Chlamydia trachomatis, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

Results

The majority of women were married (320 of 324) and reported having a single sexual partner (270 of 324); the median age of participants was 41 years. HR HPV was detected in 42 participants. Forty-seven percent of women had vaginitis. Bacterial vaginosis was the most common infection (32.4%), followed by TV (10.4%), and yeast (6.8%). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, TV was associated with an increased risk of HR HPV (odds ratio, 4.2 [95% CI, 1.7–10.3]). Patients with TV were 6.5 times more likely to have HPV type 16 than patients negative for TV (50% vs 13.3%) (odds ratio, 6.5 [95% CI, 1.1–37]).

Conclusions

Among rural Tanzanian women who presented for cervical cancer screening, Trichomonas vaginitis was significantly associated with HR HPV infection (specifically type 16).