Kinetics of killing or growth of Trichomonas vaginalis in the presence of aminoglycosides, neomycin and geneticin (G418)

Few therapeutic drugs, other than metronidazole and close derivatives, are currently available to treat trichomoniasis. Trichomonas vaginalis is known to have a primitive ribosome based on small subunit ribosomal DNA sequence comparisons. Targeting ribosomal subunits, the aminoglycosides neomycin and geneticin (G418, distinct from gentamycin) were tested for activity against T. vaginalis. While neomycin had no effect, G418 was effective in killing cultured T. vaginalis cells at doses intermediate between those previously effective against prokaryotes and eukaryotes. G418 cytotoxicity requires further study before recommending this agent as topically applied therapy in refractory patients.     

Malignant mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis testis related to recent asbestos

Abstract:   We report an extremely rare case of malignant mesothelioma in the tunica vaginalis testis. A 67-year-old man was referred to our hospital complaining of painless swelling in the right scrotum. Ultrasonography and computed tomography demonstrated a mass of approximately 6 cm in the right scrotum. He underwent tumor resection under a diagnosis of right intrascrotal tumor. The histopathological diagnosis was malignant mesothelioma, and he died 26 months later from multiple metastases. Asbestos may be a significant contributor to malignant mesothelioma in Japan. There have been 46 cases reported in urology departments in this country of the related symptoms, but only two of these have been clearly attributable to asbestos, which may be due to the investigations being insufficient to obtain a definitive diagnosis. In addition, this symptom is often diagnosed preoperatively as hydrocele testis; it is therefore important to carry out ultrasonography when a hydrocele testis has been diagnosed.     

Testosterone concentration within the tunica vaginalis of boys and adult men

The testosterone level in fluid contained in the tunica vaginalis has been determined in 25 adult men referred for infertility and in 20 boys aged 0–10.5 years operated on for hydrocele. The median concentrations of testosterone were found to be 392 nmole/1 (range 78–957) and 1.1 nmole/1 (range 0.16–182). respectively. The median value for adult men was 20 times the concentration of testosterone found in the peripheral blood of that group while the median value for the boys was 4 times that found in their peripheral blood. It is concluded, firstly, that the high level of testosterone in the peritesticular space of adult men strongly indicates that diffusion of testosterone through the testicular capsule does take place. Secondly, testosterone levels in fluid from the peritesticular space which significantly exceeds those in peripheral blood in prepubertal boys furnishes evidence of testicular secretion of testosterone in that age group. Consequently, the peritesticular tissues such as the epididymis, gubernaculum and scrotum are exposed to quantities of testosterone far exceeding those brought by the general circulation.     

华北地区阴道毛滴虫同工酶分析

目的：研究我国华北地区（北京，河北唐山、河北承德）阴道毛滴虫4个分离株的同工酶类型。（2）方法：采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（PAGE）与同工酶染色法进行分析。（3）结果：检测MDH，LDH，G6PD，PGM5种 同工酶。在G6PD，PGI酶谱中，4株完全相同，在MDH，LDH，PGM酶谱中，北京1株，北京1株与承德株，唐山株不同。（4）结论：承德株，唐山株与北京1株，北京2株大多数同工酶谱存在显性差异，说明华北地区阴道毛滴虫虫株可能至少存在2种不同的酶谱类型。     

Mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis testis: a rare malignancy mimicking more common inguino-scrotal masses

Malignant pleural mesotheliomas are rare malignancies associated with asbestos exposure and these tumors are infamous for their poor prognosis. Mesotheliomas in other body areas are much rarer. They may occur in the abdominal cavity and also in the inguinal region. In the latter area they are commonly confused with much commoner benign conditions. We present three cases of mesotheliomas in the tunica vaginalis testis.     

Influence of humoral immunity on leukotriene B4 production by neutrophils in response to Trichomonas vaginalis stimulation

Neutrophils are the predominant inflammatory cells found in vaginal discharges from patients with Trichomonas vaginalis infection. In this study, we investigated the effect of humoral immunity on leukotriene B4 (LTB4) generation by neutrophils in the inflammatory response of vaginal trichomoniasis. As quantitated by a radioimmunoassay, no release of LTB4 was detected from neutrophils (5 x l0⁶/ml) interacted with trichomonads (1 times 10⁶/ml). However, specific immunoglobulin G(IgG) but not F(ab¹)₂, at a titre of 1:256 directed against T. vaginalis, augmented LTB4 production (1·4 ± 0·4 ng/ml, n= 5) by neutrophils, suggesting that this enhancement is Fey receptor-mediated. Moreover, addition of the specific IgG (1 mglml) to C2-deficient serum or Factor B-deficient serum, but not C5-deficient serum, significantly increased LTB4 production by neutrophils in response to trichomonad stimulation. This indicates that the complement common pathway activation is crucial for the amplification of host defence mechanisms against T. vaginalis. An LTB4 receptor antagonist, SC-41930, completely abolished neutrophil chemotactic activity induced by LTB4. Taken together, these results indicate that humoral immunity could promote the interaction of neutrophils with T. vaginalis and augment the inflammatory response through the amplification of LTB4 production.     

妇科阴道毛滴虫感染分析及预防措施研究

目的:分析妇科阴道毛滴虫感染的原因,总结预防措施。方法:选取收治的40例妇科阴道毛滴虫感染患者的相关资料,对各年龄段的感染率和各季节的感染率进行比较,对预防措施进行总结。结果:年龄段在30～40岁的感染率明显高于20～30岁和40～50岁的感染率,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),有统计学意义。20～30岁和40～50岁的感染率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。春季感染率明显高于夏、秋、冬季感染率,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。夏、秋、冬季感染率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。结论:妇科阴道毛滴虫感染患者多为年龄段在30～40岁的女性,且春季的感染率较高。预防措施主要是对传播源进行控制、对传播途径进行切断、提高自我保护意识、积极进行卫生保健。     

Gardnerella vaginalis and Lactobacillus sp in liquid-based cervical samples in healthy and disturbed vaginal flora using cultivation-independent methods

Our objective was to determine the morphotype of the adherent bacteria in liquid-based cytology (LBC) in smears with healthy and disturbed vaginal flora. And to use PCR technology on the same fixed cell sample to establish DNA patterns of the 16S RNA genes of the bacteria in the sample. Thirty samples were randomly selected from a large group of cervical cell samples suspended in a commercial coagulant fixative "(BoonFix)." PCR was used to amplify DNA of five bacterial species: Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus jensenii, Gardnerella vaginalis, and Mycoplasma hominis. The LBC slides were then analyzed by light microscopy to estimate bacterial adhesion. DNA of lactobacilli was detected in all cell samples. Seventeen smears showed colonization with Gardnerella vaginalis (range 2.6 x 10(2)-3.0 x 10(5) bacteria/mul BoonFix sample). Two cases were identified as dysbacteriotic with high DNA values for Gardnerella vaginalis and low values for Lactobacillus crispatus. The sample with the highest concentration for Gardnerella vaginalis showed an unequivocal Gardnerella infection. This study indicates that the adherence pattern of a disturbed flora in liquid-based cervical samples can be identified unequivocally, and that these samples are suitable for quantitative PCR analysis. This cultivation independent method reveals a strong inverse relationship between Gardnerella vaginalis and Lactobacillus crispatus in dysbacteriosis and unequivocal Gardnerella infection.     

Can mailed swab samples be dry-shipped for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis,Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Trichomonas vaginalis by nucleic acid amplification tests?

Dry-shipped and mailed vaginal swabs collected at home have been used in research studies for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC), and Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) by nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) in screening programs. A verification study was performed to compare the limit of detection of CT, GC, and TV on swabs that were dry-shipped to paired swabs that were wet-shipped in transport media through the US mail. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention prepared inocula in sterile water to mock simulated urogenital swabs with high to low concentrations of CT and GC. Replicate swabs were inoculated with 100 μL of dilutions and were dry transported or placed into commercial transport media ("wet") for mailing for NAAT testing. The University of Alabama prepared replicate concentrations of TV, which were similarly shipped and tested by NAAT. All paired dry and wet swabs were detectable for CT. For GC, all paired dry and wet swabs were detectable for GC at concentrations ≥ 10(3). At 10(2) and 10 CFU/mL, the 10 replicate GC results were variably positive. For TV, wet and dry shipped concentrations >10(2) TV/mL tested positive, while results at 10 TV/mL were negative for dry swabs. Holding replicate dry swabs at 55 (○)C 5 days before testing did not affect results. NAATs were able to detect CT, GC, and TV on dry transported swabs. Using NAATs for testing home-collected, urogenital swabs mailed in a dry state to a laboratory may be useful for outreach screening programs.     

奥硝唑对滴虫性阴道炎治疗作用的临床观察

目的探讨奥硝唑治疗滴虫性阴道炎的疗效,关注治疗前后阴道灌洗液中白细胞介素-6（IL-6）的表达差异。方法190例滴虫性阴道炎患者依入院顺序分为两组。对照组共95例,应用替硝唑进行治疗;观察组共95例,应用奥硝唑治疗。观察治疗的效果,同时检测治疗前、治疗后阴道灌液液中IL-6的含量,观察不同治疗方法对IL-6的影响。结果治疗5d后,观察组的总有效率明显高于对照组,观察组与对照组患者治疗后阴道灌洗液中的IL-6均下降,但是观察组的下降值明显高于对照组。结论滴虫性阴道炎患者应用奥硝唑治疗临床疗效明显,并能有效调节阴道中的IL-6的含量,进而调节阴道的微环境,临床治疗中可以推广应用。