四川省4所美沙酮维持治疗门诊受治者尿吗啡检测结果分析

目的了解四川省美沙酮维持治疗门诊受治者的尿吗啡检测结果变化情况。方法对4所美沙酮维持治疗门诊受治者的尿吗啡检测结果资料进行分析。结果第1次尿检中C门诊尿吗啡阳性率为98.63%;第2次至第6次尿检中的尿吗啡阳性率,A、B门诊维持在较低水平(47%),C门诊下降明显(从63.29%降至16.43%),D门诊有所下降(从51.84%降至32.85%)。结论尿吗啡检测结果可以反映美沙酮治疗情况。     

多囊卵巢综合征中医药治疗进展

中医药治疗多囊卵巢综合征具有良好的疗效,可以降低PCOS血清雄激素及促黄体生成素、胰岛素水平,缩小卵巢体积,改善月经情况,提高排卵率与妊娠率。本文从多囊卵巢综合征的病因病机及中医药疗法两个方面,对近5年来中医药治疗多囊卵巢综合征的研究进行了概括。     

自来水及水源水有机提取物对巨噬细胞的损伤作用

目的 探讨城市供水有机提取物对巨噬细胞的影响。方法 小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞染毒有机提取物后,应用MTT实验,乳酸脱氢酶泄漏实验及形态学观察等方法进行检测。结果 某水厂的水源水及出厂水在所选的各浓度均引起巨噬细胞的损伤,并有明显的剂量－反应关系;在相同浓度下,出厂水的有机提取物引起细胞的损伤程度大于源水。拟建水源水只在高剂量下引起巨噬细胞损伤。结论 无论源水或出厂水,尽管有机污染物的组成成分不同,但均含有损伤巨噬细胞的物质。有机提取物对巨噬细胞 的毒性作用 与其潜在致癌作用有关。     

DNA solution(R) in cigarette filters reduces polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) levels in mainstream tobacco smoke.

Tobacco consumption represents a major health hazard to humans and, despite anti-smoking campaigns, the number of smokers remains high; thus the reduction of toxic compounds from tobacco smoke may reduce the health hazards of smoking. In the last 25 years cigarette manufacturers have introduced a variety of filter designs to reduce toxic and carcinogenic substances in tobacco smoke (normal filters, NF). However, large quantities of harmful constituents are inefficiently retained by commonly used cigarette filters. Following a patented method we modified commercial cigarette filters (modified filter, MF) by injecting a DNA solution into the filter tips; we then evaluated the reduced polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) levels in mainstream tobacco smoke of MF relative to NF. The PAH measured were: fluoranthene (FLUO), pyrene (PY), benzo(a)anthracene (B(a)A), chrysene (CRY), benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P), benzo(b)fluoranthene (B(b)F), benzo(k)fluoranthene (B(k)F), benzo(g,h,i)perylene (BGP), dibenzo(a,h)anthracene (DBA). The levels of PAH in cigarette smoke after MF were significantly reduced (P<0.001) compared to NF, using a variety of cigarette brands in a smoking machine (44.5%+/-8.4 % and 41.8%+/-5% for total and carcinogenic PAH, respectively, means+/-SE). Using B(a)P(TEF) values the reduction in PAH concentrations were similar for all cigarette brands with the exception of Camel, where the reduction was lower considering B(a)P(TEF) values. Amongst carcinogenic PAH, B(a)A, B(b)F and B(k)F) were reduced by 50-58%, CRY, B(a)P and DBA by about 40%. In conclusion MF filters treated with DNA have the potential of decreasing the exposure to PAH in cigarette smoke. Since, unlike some previously proposed biological filters MF do not retain additional nicotine, the main addictive compound of tobacco smoke, these filters may not induce increased smoking to compensate for the reduction in the nicotine delivery to smokers.     

辨证分型治疗老年人功能性消化不良临床观察

观察中医辨证分型结合西医治疗老年人功能性消化不良的疗效。方法:将80例老年功能性消化不良患者随机分为两组。40例治疗组用中西医结合治疗治疗,40例对照组用西药治疗,观察疗效。结果:治疗组总有效率90.0%,对照组总有效率70.0%,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结论:通过中医辨证分型结合西医治疗老年人功能性消化不良效果优于单纯西医治疗。     

硫酸吗啡控释片直肠给药控制晚期癌症疼痛的疗效观察

目的观察硫酸吗啡控释片（MST）直肠给药对晚期癌症疼痛的镇痛疗效。方法果用MST直肠给药控制48例晚期癌症患者的中重度疼痛。结果MST直肠给药有效率（CR＋PR）为91．7％（44／48），轻度缓解（MR）为8．3％（4／48）。治疗后疼痛程度明显减轻，直肠给药前后疼痛级数相比有极显著性差异（P〈0．001），生活质量也明显提高。副作用与口服给药基本相同。结论MST直肠给药具有良好的镇痛效果，尤其适用于因各种原因导致的不能口服给药的晚期癌症患者。     

不同入院方式对急性心肌梗死预后的影响

目的探讨不同入院方式溶栓治疗对急性心肌梗死预后的影响。方法回顾分析经“120”直接送入CCU(冠心病监护病房)和经急诊科入院进行溶栓治疗的急性心肌梗死患者,比较两组患者溶栓开始时间、再通率、住院期间及两年内心脏事件的发生率。结果“120”组溶栓开始时间早、再通率高、住院期间及两年内心脏事件的发生率低于急诊科组。结论经“120”将AM I(急性心肌梗死)患者直接送入CCU这条绿色通道可缩短溶栓开始时间、再通率高,改善了急性心肌梗死患者的预后。     

抗精神病药物在维持治疗中对心电图影响的分析

目的：探讨抗精神病药物在慢性精神病患者维持治疗中对心电图的影响。方法：用自编的《住院精神病患者心电图异常调查表》对本院长期住院患者进行调查,对入组患者行十二导联心电图检查。根据检测结果对心电图异常发生率,服用和未服用抗精神病药物,药物的种类、剂量等因素进行统计分析。结果：本组患者599人中,其中心电异常人数229人,占38．23％。服用抗精神病药物者469人,有心电异常者187（占31．22％）;未服抗精神病药物者130人,有心电异常者42人（占7．01％）,两者差异有显著性（P值〈0．05）。心电异常发生率最高的为：传导阻滞、窦性心动过速、T波改变。药物种类中以氯氮平组发生心电异常率最高70例（占40．70％）,氯丙嗪组次之为86例（占39．27％）,奋乃静组14例（占32．56％）,利培酮组17例（占30．36％）。抗精神病药物剂量的大小与心电图异常间的差异无统计学意义（P值〉0．05）。结论：抗精神病药物在精神病维持治疗中对心电图的影响是很常见的,与剂量的大小无关,利培酮和奋乃静对心电图影响小于氯氮平、氯丙嗪。     

联合给药治疗慢性细菌性前列腺炎临床观察

目的探讨经肛门联合口服给药治疗慢性细菌性前列腺炎的临床疗效。方法将慢性细菌性前列腺炎患者508例随机分成三组,年龄（21—49）岁,平均（32±9）岁。第1组：经肛门塞入野菊花栓和氟嗪酸栓组（148例）;第2组：口服阿奇霉素片、左氧氟沙星片组（161例）。第3组：经肛门塞入野菊花栓和氟嗪酸栓联合口服阿奇霉素片组（199例）。对治疗前和治疗2月后患者自觉症状评分;2次前列腺液（EPS）常规及病原学检查进行对比。结果①第1组患者痊愈率53．1％,有效率85．3％;第2组痊愈率43．9％,有效率66．9％;第3组患者痊愈率77．4％,有效率87．9％。第3组与第1,2组对比差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。②不良反应发生率第1组11．9％,第2组14．6％,第3组14．1％,三组对比差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论经肛门联合口服给药治疗慢性细菌性前列腺炎较单纯肛门给药或单纯口服给药疗效明显,值得临床推广使用。     

Lot-to-lot consistency,safety, tolerability,and immunogenicity of V114, a 15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine,in healthy adults aged ≥50 years: A randomized phase 3 trial (PNEU-TRUE)

BackgroundOlder adults are at risk of pneumococcal disease and associated morbidity and mortality. This phase 3 study (V114-020) assessed lot-to-lot consistency across safety and immunogenicity outcomes for V114, a 15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV), in healthy adults aged ≥ 50 years.MethodsAdults were randomized in a 3:3:3:1 ratio to receive a single dose of one of three lots of V114 or 13-valent PCV (PCV13), stratified by age (50–64 years, 65–74 years, and ≥ 75 years). Serotype-specific opsonophagocytic activity (OPA) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies were evaluated at baseline (Day 1) and 30 days post-vaccination. Non-serious and serious adverse events (AEs) were evaluated post-vaccination through 14 days and Month 6, respectively.ResultsOf 2340 participants enrolled, 2282 (97.5%) completed the study. Proportions of participants experiencing ≥ 1 AE were 81.0%, 77.4%, and 78.0% for V114 lots 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Comparison of V114 combined lots with PCV13 showed that proportions of participants experiencing AEs, solicited AEs, and serious AEs were comparable for both vaccines, with the exception of injection-site pain (more frequently reported with V114). OPA geometric mean titers (GMTs) and IgG geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) at 30 days post-vaccination were comparable across V114 lots, and all lots met predefined equivalence criteria for all 15 vaccine serotypes (lower and upper limits of the 95% confidence intervals of serotype-specific OPA GMT ratios for all possible pairwise comparisons across the three lots were within the equivalence margin of 0.5–2.0). Serotype-specific OPA GMTs and IgG GMCs were comparable in the V114 combined lots and PCV13 groups for the 13 shared serotypes and higher in the V114 group for serotypes unique to V114 (22F and 33F).ConclusionsV114 is well tolerated with a consistent safety profile and immune response across manufacturing lots.Clinical trials registration: NCT03950856 (www.clinicaltrials.gov); 2018-004266-33 (EudraCT).