Anatomic structures at risk in anteroposterior screw fixation of posterior malleolar fractures: A cadaver study

IntroductionPercutaneous anterior-posterior (AP) screw is an option for posterior malleolus fracture fixation when the fracture fragment can be reduced indirectly by the mean of ligamentotaxis. However, anterior anatomic structures could be injured during screw placement.Materials and methodsEleven below-knee cadavers were employed for the placement of AP screws in an attempt of fixing assumed Haraguchi Type-I posterior malleolar fractures. Three entry points were selected as medial to the anterior tibial tendon (ATT), lateral to the ATT, and lateral to the extensor digitorum longus (EDL). Three AP screws were placed under guidance of fluoroscopy. After dissection, measurements were made (mm) from each screw to nearby structures. Distances were calculated and damage to structures was documented.ResultsMean, minimum, and maximum distances from the medial screw to the greater saphenous vein, TA, EHL, anterior tibial artery (ATA), and deep peroneal nerve (DPN), were 18.1 (12–25) mm, 2.0 (0–5) mm, 13.6 (9–20) mm, 16.6 (9–25) mm, and 20.1 (12–27) mm. From the middle screw to the ATA, DPN, TA, EHL, and EDL, were 1.2 (0–3) mm, 4.9 (3–9) mm, 3.8 (1–7) mm, 0.4 (0–2) mm, and 13.6 (10–18) mm. From the lateral screw to the superficial peroneal nerve (SPN), EDL, DPN, and ATA, were 10.8 (0–16) mm, 1.2 (0–4) mm, 15.9 (11–25) mm, 19 (15–27) mm. The SPN was found partially cut by the lateral screw on 1 specimen.ConclusionsLateral and middle percutaneous AP screw placement put certain anatomic structures at-risk of injury. Medial screw placement did not result in appreciable damage to adjacent structures. Entry point of AP screws should be selected with respect to posterior malleolar fracture and anatomic structures.Level of evidenceIV.     

关节镜下经髌腱入路空心拉力螺钉复位固定治疗胫骨髁间嵴撕脱骨折*

目的探讨在关节镜下经髌腱入路,利用空心拉力螺钉复位固定胫骨髁间嵴撕脱骨折(TEFx)的安全性和有效性。方法选取2014年1月-2015年12月23例TEFx的患者,均在关节镜下经髌腱入路,用空心拉力螺钉复位固定。术前Meyers-McKeever分型:Ⅱ型8例,Ⅲ型10例,Ⅳ型5例;男17例,女6例;年龄16～53岁,平均27.8岁。术前前抽屉试验、Lachman试验均阳性。比较术前术后的视觉模拟评分(VAS)、Lysholm、Tegner和国际膝关节文献委员会(IKDC)评分评价患侧膝关节功能。结果 23例患者均得到随访,随访时间30～40个月,平均36个月。术后即刻X线片示TEFx均复位良好,术后3个月骨折均愈合。无1例感染、关节僵硬、伸直受限、复位丢失及神经血管损伤等并发症。最终随访患侧膝关节活动度均恢复正常,前抽屉试验、Lachman试验均阴性。VAS评分术前(4.8±1.2)分,最终随访为(1.2±0.8)分,术前术后比较,差异有统计学意义(t=18.72,P=0.003);Lysholm评分术前为(50.8±6.2)分,最终随访为(90.8±5.4)分,术前术后比较,差异有统计学意义(t=-42.64,P=0.000);Tegner评分术前为(4.0±1.0)分,最终随访为(5.1±1.2)分,术前术后比较,差异有统计学意义(t=-16.82,P=0.005);IKDC主观评分术前为(52.5±7.4)分,最终随访为(91.5±5.7)分,术前术后比较,差异有统计学意义(t=-40.58,P=0.000)。结论膝关节镜下经髌腱入路空心拉力螺钉内固定治疗TEFx具有微创、操作简捷、固定可靠和恢复快的优点。     

Clinical implications of additional posterior fractures in combined anterior-posterior pelvic ring fractures in elderly patients

ObjectivesHistorically, pelvic ring fractures (PRF) are considered to occur predominantly in the anterior ring and therfore to be mechanically stable. Combined anterior and posterior (A + P) PRF are expected to be less mechanically stable and therefore to be associated with higher levels of pain and reduced mobility compared to isolated anterior fractures. The current study investigates the clinical relevance of combined A + P PRF in elderly patients.MethodsA prospective multicentre cohort study was conducted in patients >70 years of age with anterior PRF after low-energy trauma diagnosed on conventional radiographs. All patients underwent an additional CT-scan. Patients were divided into two groups; isolated anterior or combined A + P fractures. Patients were treated conservatively with adequate analgesia for at least one week. If patients could not be mobilised after conservative treatment, surgical fixation was performed. Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) pain scores, dependence on walking aids and Activities of Daily Living scores (ADL) were measured at 2–4 weeks, and 3, 6 and 12 months after fracture.Results102 patients (age 81.1 ± 7.6 years) were included. Isolated anterior fractures were diagnosed in 25 (24.5%) and A + P fractures in 77 (75.5%) patients. Baseline characteristics did not differ between the two groups. Most patients were successfully treated conservatively and 5 (4.9%) underwent percutaneous trans-iliac, trans-sacral screw fixation after failure of conservative treatment. At 2–4 weeks post trauma, patients with A + P fractures had similar median pain scores (3 (range 0–8) vs. 5 (0–10), p = 0.19) and ADL scores (85 (25–100) vs. 78.6 (5–100), p = 0.67), but were more dependent on walking aids (92.8% vs. 72.2%; p = 0.02) compared to patients with isolated anterior fractures. There were no significant differences at 3 months. At one year follow-up the median NRS pain and ADL scores for both fracture groups were 0 and 100, respectively. Mortality was 10.8%, and additional loss to follow-up was 17.6%.ConclusionsThe vast majority of elderly patients with PRF have combined A + P fractures. The clinical implications of additional posterior pelvic ring fractures in elderly patients appears to be limited.     

侧块螺钉固定术后不同颈椎曲度与脊髓后移的关系及其对手术疗效的影响

目的探讨全椎板减压侧块螺钉固定术后颈椎曲度大小与脊髓后移距离的关系及其对手术疗效的影响。方法回顾性分析2016年10月至2017年12月邯郸市中心医院行全椎板减压侧块螺钉固定术的85例脊髓型颈椎病患者的临床资料,其中有78例患者获得完整随访,术后根据Harrison方法测量颈椎曲度将患者分为A组(43例,0°≤颈椎角≤16.5°)和B组(35例,颈椎角>16.5°)。观察两组患者术后脊髓后移距离、神经恢复效果、轴性症状及C5神经麻痹发生情况。结果A组患者术后颈椎角为(8.5°±3.8°),B组为(19.6°±3.0°),两组比较差异有统计学意义(t=14.071,P<0.001);A组患者椎板切除宽度为(22.1±1.7)mm,B组为(21.8±1.5)mm,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);A组患者脊髓后移距离为(1.7±0.4)mm,B组为(3.2±0.7)mm,两组比较差异有统计学意义(t=11.879,P<0.001)。术后两组患者神经功能均有显著恢复,至术后1年时,两组神经功能改善率分别为(63.3±13.1)%和(65.1±13.9)%,组间比较差异无统计学意义(t=0.587,P=0.559)。A组术后1周时VAS评分为(5.2±1.3)分,术后1个月时为(3.5±0.6)分;B组分别为(3.8±0.8)、(2.4±0.4)分,组间不同时间点比较差异均有统计学意义(t=5.567,P<0.001;t=9.289,P<0.001);A组患者C5神经麻痹发生率为7.0%(3/43),B组为11.4%(4/35),两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论术后颈椎曲度越大脊髓后移越充分,术后颈椎曲度的丢失与轴性症状的发生有关,颈椎曲度与神经功能的恢复及C5神经麻痹的发生无关。     

短节段椎弓根钉内固定治疗非相邻型多节段脊柱骨折的疗效评价

目的分析短节段椎弓根钉内固定治疗非相邻型多节段脊柱骨折(MNSF)的临床疗效。方法 43例MNSF患者根据自我意愿分为对照组27例(行后路长节段椎弓根钉内固定治疗)与观察组26例(行后路短节段椎弓根钉内固定治疗),观察两组手术情况、Cobb角角度、Frankel脊椎损伤功能分级及日本骨科协会(JOA)评分情况。结果与对照组比较,观察组手术时间及术中出血量明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后1个月,两组Cobb角角度较术前明显缩小,JOA评分明显增加,但观察组缩小及增加幅度均大于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后1个月,观察组脊椎损伤功能改善情况明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论与后路长节段椎弓根钉内固定相比,短节段椎弓根钉内固定治疗MNSF更有利于患者神经功能与腰椎功能的恢复。     

Systemic Nickel Allergy after Internal Fixation of a Bunionectomy

Allergic reactions to implanted metals have been estimated to occur in 1% to 5% of orthopedic cases. Stainless steel screws, which contain 14% nickel, are commonly used for internal fixation in an array of podiatric procedures. We present a rare case of a systemic allergic reaction to nickel secondary to stainless steel screw fixation in a bunionectomy procedure.     

Herbert螺钉治疗肱骨小头骨折应用分析

目的 评价Herbert 螺钉治疗有移位的肱骨小头骨折的优越性.方法 自2005年3月以来应用Herbert螺钉治疗有移位的肱骨小头骨折11例,按Bryan-Morrey肱骨小头骨折分型:Ⅰ型7例,Ⅱ型1例,Ⅲ型3例.结果 经平均随访3年 8个月,术后功能按Mayo评分优7例,良4例,大多数患者完全恢复正常,无并发症.结论 Herbert 螺钉治疗肱骨小头骨折能提供牢固的内固定,大多数患者肘关节功能恢复良好,稳定无疼痛.在处理这类骨折中,本治疗方法 较常规方法 具有明显的优越性.     

The 70° Supinated Oblique View: A Cadaveric Analysis to Determine Ideal Radial Styloid Screw Position in Locked Volar Plating of Distal Radius Fractures

Background: Defining an intraoperative radiographic view to best determine the radial styloid screw position in locked volar plating of distal radius fractures may improve fixation and aid in decreasing cortical penetration and implant complication. We used a cadaveric model to demonstrate a reproducible, oblique radiographic view to identify the radial styloid screw position. Methods: Nine fresh-frozen elbow-to-fingertip cadavers were used for this study. A 2.4-mm variable angle volar distal radius locking plate was applied to the distal radius. A Kirschner wire (K-wire) was inserted into the radial styloid through the plate. Placement of the K-wire through the tip of the styloid at the cortical edge was confirmed through a separate radial incision. A second K-wire was placed through the radius shaft into the ulna to aid in angular measurements. Live fluoroscopic imaging was used as the forearm was brought from full 90° of supination toward neutral. Once the K-wire was abutting the cortical edge, rotation ceased, and a goniometer was used to measure the angle of forearm rotation. This was repeated for a total of 3 repetitions on each specimen. Results: The average angle of supination best depicting the position of the radial styloid screw was 68.5° (range = 64.3°-70.5°). Conclusions: Radial styloid screw fixation in locked volar plating of distal radius fractures increases the ultimate strength to failure, but screw penetration and tendon irritation can occur. The 70° supinated oblique intraoperative view provides the most accurate evaluation of the position of the radial styloid screw.