自然界中华按蚊种群研究工具及其在生命表制作中的应用

目的：为了能在自然界大型水体和旷野中对中华按蚊种群进行研究。方法：研制出适合于稻田浅水定量研究的实验简,适合于深水的实验网和接近自然状态的大实验笼。应用这些工具进行了自然界中华按蚊种群生命表的研究。结果：利用系列研究工具定量研究出1988年第8代中华按蚊自然种群生命表。求出各发育历期的死亡数和死亡因素,死亡率,存活率和死亡因素k值,分析出各发育阶段的关键死亡因素,计算下代预计产卵量为8288粒,种群趋势指数I为6．3027。结论：系列研究工具使中华按蚊自然种群的定量研究成为可能。郑州中华按蚊第9代种群数量还趋于增加之中。     

失眠患者睡眠质量与心理健康状况的相关性研究

目的:探索原发性失眠患者睡眠质量与心理健康状况的关系。方法:采用横断面的研究方法,选取2015年7月至2017年7月北京中医药大学第三附属医院收治的符合纳入标准的原发性失眠患者308例作为研究对象,以PSQI、SCL-90采集原发性失眠患者的睡眠质量、心理健康状况等资料进行统计分析。结果:308例失眠患者的PSQI总分均值为(12.65±3.04),241例SCL-90筛选阳性。失眠患者SCL-90各因子测评结果除偏执、敌对外均与全国常模比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。睡眠、饮食方面不适的患者211例,伴强迫者144例,伴焦虑者86例。睡眠质量、催眠药物、PSQI总分与SCL-90各因子显著正相关,此外强迫与睡眠障碍呈中度正相关。结论:失眠患者的心理健康水平较正常人差。失眠患者伴有最多的3种自觉症状为睡眠饮食不适感、强迫及焦虑。失眠患者的睡眠质量、药物使用情况及睡眠整体状况与其心理障碍相互影响,强迫与睡眠障碍有较强的相关性。     

Sample size calculations for blinding assessment

Blinding is a critical component in randomized clinical trials along with treatment effect estimation and comparisons between the treatments. Various methods have been proposed for the statistical analyses of blinding-related data, but there is little guidance for determining the sample size for this type of data, especially if blinding assessment is done in pilot studies. In this paper, we try to fill this gap and provide simple methods to address sample size calculations for a “new” study with different research questions and scenarios. The proposed methods are framed in terms of estimation/precision or statistical testing to allow investigators to choose the best suited method for their goals. We illustrate the methods using worked examples with real data.     

Fluoride in drinking water and diet: the causative factor of chronic kidney diseases in the North Central Province of Sri Lanka

A significant number of people in the North Central Province of Sri Lanka suffer from chronic kidney diseases (CKD), and the author revisits existing literature related to CKD to find its causative factor. There is a direct connection between high fluoride levels in drinking water and kidney disease, and there are unhealthy levels of fluoride in the groundwater in Sri Lanka’s CKD-affected areas. Based on the following observations, the author believes with confidence that excess fluoride in drinking water and in the locally grown food in the affected areas are the culprits of CKD in Sri Lanka.

• Fluoride excretion rate is considerably lower in children than adults, leading to renal damage of children living in areas with high fluoride.
• Adults who had renal damage due to fluoride in childhood are vulnerable to CKD with continued consumption of water from the same source.
• Patients with chronic renal insufficiency are at an increased risk of chronic fluoride toxicity.
• High content of fluoride in groundwater paves the way to excess fluoride in local food crops, consequently adding more fluoride to the systems of the consumers.
• People who work outdoors for prolonged periods consume excess water and tea, and are subjected to additional doses of fluoride in their system.
• In the mid-1980s, the increase in water table levels of the affected areas due to new irrigation projects paved the way to adding more fluorides to their system through drinking water and locally grown foods.

     

温针配合整脊手法治疗腰椎退行性滑脱症疗效观察

目的观察温针配合整脊手法治疗腰椎退行性滑脱症的临床疗效。方法将60例腰椎退行性滑脱症患者随机分为治疗组32例和对照组28例。治疗组采用温针配合整脊疗法治疗,对照组采用药物配合腰椎牵引治疗。两组均住2个疗程后评定疗效。结果治疗组总有效率为96．9％,刘照组为75．0％,两组比较差异具何统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论温针配合恪脊手法是一种治疗腰椎退行性滑脱症的有效方法。     

针灸理疗治疗颈椎病96例临床疗效观察

目的:观察针灸理疗配合枕颌布托牵引治疗颈椎病的临床疗效。方法:将临床96例患者随机分为两组,各48例。治疗组采用枕颌布托牵引加针灸理疗治疗;对照组单纯采用针灸理疗治疗。结果:治疗组痊愈率54.12%,总有效率95.83%;对照组痊愈率41.67%,总有效率85.42%。两组临床疗效有显著性差异(P0.05)。结论:采用针灸理疗配合枕颌布托牵引综合治疗颈椎病临床疗效显著,值得在颈椎病临床治疗中推广。     

飞扬肠胃炎片治疗肠易激综合征的疗效观察

目的：探讨飞扬肠胃炎片治疗肠易激综合征的疗效,为临床提供参考。方法：将本院收治的90例肠易激综合征患者随机分为治疗组与对照组,各45例,对照组给予中药汤剂进行治疗,治疗组在对照组的基础上给予飞扬肠胃炎片进行治疗,观察两组的临床疗效和不良反应,并进行统计学比较。结果：对照组临床总有效为38例,总有效率为84.4%,治疗组临床总有效为43例,总有效率为95.6%,两组间比较差异有统计学意义,P〈0.05。两组患者治疗过程中和治疗后心率、血压、肝功能等均未出现明显变化,亦无其他不良反应现象出现,两组间比较,差异无统计学意义,P〉0.05。结论：飞扬肠胃炎片辅助中药汤剂治疗肠易激综合征有明显的疗效,其疗效优于单纯应用中药汤剂组,且未见不良反应现象发生,值得临床推广应用。     

倾斜试验对心神经官能症的诊断价值

目的　探讨倾斜试验在心神经官能症诊断中的应用。方法　对排除器质性心脏病的 6 2例病人进行倾斜试验 ,并与 30例健康自愿者加以对照。结果　观察组 4 6例呈阳性 ,占 71 2 % ,对照组仅 16 7%为阳性。结论　倾斜试验可用于心神经官能症的诊断     

全血细胞分析仪操作台的研制

本文阐述了全血细胞分析仪操作台的研制过程。该操作台主要由主机置放台面、气源存放箱、溶血剂存放托盘、稀释液及废液存放滑车等部分构成。与普通操作台相比,该操作台具有美观整洁、降低噪音、方便省力、无污染等优点,符合三级医院实验室要求,适合与全血细胞分析仪配套使用。     

慢性乙型肝炎症状信息采集表的制定与一致性研究

目的检测慢性乙型肝炎症状信息采集表的一致性并完善采集表。方法采用由两名经过培训的医师分别对同一名患者进行信息采集的评分者信度法,对全国6个中心选择连续就诊的门诊或住院患者进行信息采集并填表,应用Spearman相关系数评价两名医师对每个症状评分的相关性。结果应用评分者信度法可以考察各中心的调查质量情况;采集表中多数症状的相关系数值符合要求。结论应用此方法能够对制定的采集表的一致性进行评价;所制定的采集表可以用于慢性乙型肝炎的证候研究。