髋关节声波诊断技术的建立及临床应用

发展一种非侵入性的声波诊断技术，通过评估髋关节声波传导特性，以反映髋关节的结构特征。所使用的声波分析仪包括3个系统：刺激系统，置于受试者的骶部中央提供振动和；声能转换系统为一对麦克风听诊器，安放在两侧股骨大转子和，以检拾穿过髋关节的声波信号，数据分析系统，为便携式装有双通道数字过滤程序可在1／3音节频带内进行声能测量的频率分析仪，对27名正常成人，20名正常学龄前儿童和40名正常新生儿分别进行了检测，结果显示：在200－315Hz的频率范围，两侧髋关节声波信号的相关性很高（CF＞0．9），声强差异很小（D＜3dB)，新生儿组，在更宽的频率范围（160－315Hz)两侧声波信号仍有很高的相关性（CF＞0．94），且声强差异更小（D＜2dB)，提示该声波诊断技术提供了一个有客观参数的评估髋关节声波传导特性的实用方法，为非侵入性显示骨关节结构特征及进一步研究和诊断髋关节疾患奠定了基础。     

High Prevalence of Sarcopenia in Korean Patients after Hip Fracture: a Case-Control Study

Sarcopenia-related falls and fractures are increasing worldwide due to the aging population. The purpose of this study was to 1) evaluate anthropometric characteristics related to hip fracture in Korean patients, 2) investigate sarcopenia prevalence in hip fracture (HF) and non-hip fracture (NF) groups, and 3) investigate the correlation between sarcopenia and osteoporosis. This case-control study examined 359 HF and 1,614 NF normal populations using Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. We performed whole-body dual energy X-ray absorptiometry to analyze body composition using the skeletal muscle mass index (SMI: lean mass/height²) and bone mineral density (BMD). In the HF group, using the AWGS definition, the prevalence of sarcopenia in women and men was 44.3% and 68.2%, respectively; in the NF group, it was 7.1% and 16.1%, respectively. Lower appendicular SMI (P < 0.001), leg muscle mass (P < 0.001), and higher prevalence of sarcopenia (P < 0.001) were observed in the HF group after adjustment for age and gender. In multivariate analysis, sarcopenia (OR = 6.52; 95% CI = 4.67-9.09), age (OR = 1.15; 95% CI = 1.13-1.17), and osteoporosis (OR = 1.87; 95% CI = 1.35-2.58) were associated with the occurrence of a hip fracture. This study showed a higher prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with hip fractures compared with a normal population, and higher prevalence of sarcopenia in men.     

膝关节置换术后皮肤麻痹的解剖基础及相关临床研究

目的 　探讨膝关节置换术后隐神经髌下支损伤所致的皮肤麻痹的解剖基础,改良手术切口,减少膝前皮肤麻木并发症。 方法　解剖观察12例成人尸体下肢标本,观测隐神经髌下支形态、神经束的走行及毗邻关系。设计改良膝外侧皮肤切口行膝关节置换手术入路进行临床验证,比较术后效果。 结果　解剖研究发现隐神经髌下支自缝匠肌穿出后,标本在髌骨中心平面神经距髌骨内侧缘约3.2 cm,75%标本有3束分支分布于髌骨下极及胫骨粗隆区域,以髌骨下极与粗隆连线中点为中心作圆,神经纤维主要分布左侧在第2象限,右侧在第1象限。临床研究采用改良膝关节外侧切口行膝关节置换术15例,方法可行,术后膝前皮肤麻木的发生率及范围较对照组减少,有统计学意义。 结论　根据膝关节隐神经髌下支解剖分布特点,改良膝前皮肤切口行膝关节置换术可减少术后膝前麻木。     

改良前外侧入路与传统后外侧入路对髋臼假体角度影响的临床研究

目的探讨改良前外侧入路与传统后外侧入路对髋臼假体放置角度的影响。方法回顾性分析我院2010年3月~2015年3月收治的行全髋关节置换术的患者69例,根据手术时入路方式将患者分为改良前外侧入路组32例(前外组)、传统后外侧入路组37例(后外组),两组患者术前资料具有可比性。术中用Murray法,以X线透视测量髋臼假体的前倾角、外展角及髋关节中立位的最大屈曲角和后伸角,观察脱位情况,分析Harris评分。结果前外组髋臼假体放置前倾角8~20°,外展角30~40°;后外组髋臼假体放置前倾角15~30°,外展角35~45°。前外组髋关节最大屈曲角为(110±10)°,后外组(100±9)°;髋关节最大后伸角前外组(15±3)°,后外组(24±4)°,两组间差异有统计学意义(0.05)。术后前外组与后外组患者髋关节脱位率分别为3.1%、18.9%,两组患者比较有显著差异(0.05);术后两组患者Harris评分比较无统计学意义(0.05)。结论前外组和后外组在术中对髋臼假体放置角度有影响,前外侧组前倾角和后伸角较小,且前外组可显著降低髋关节脱位率,但这种角度差异对疗效无显著影响。     

Physics-Driven CFD Modeling of Complex Anatomical Cardiovascular Flows—A TCPC Case Study

Recent developments in medical image acquisition combined with the latest advancements in numerical methods for solving the Navier-Stokes equations have created unprecedented opportunities for developing simple and reliable computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tools for meeting patient-specific surgical planning objectives. However, for CFD to reach its full potential and gain the trust and confidence of medical practitioners, physics-driven numerical modeling is required. This study reports on the experience gained from an ongoing integrated CFD modeling effort aimed at developing an advanced numerical simulation tool capable of accurately predicting flow characteristics in an anatomically correct total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC). An anatomical intra-atrial TCPC model is reconstructed from a stack of magnetic resonance (MR) images acquired in vivo. An exact replica of the computational geometry was built using transparent rapid prototyping. Following the same approach as in earlier studies on idealized models, flow structures, pressure drops, and energy losses were assessed both numerically and experimentally, then compared. Numerical studies were performed with both a first-order accurate commercial software and a recently developed, second-order accurate, in-house flow solver. The commercial CFD model could, with reasonable accuracy, capture global flow quantities of interest such as control volume power losses and pressure drops and time-averaged flow patterns. However, for steady inflow conditions, both flow visualization experiments and particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements revealed unsteady, complex, and highly 3D flow structures, which could not be captured by this numerical model with the available computational resources and additional modeling efforts that are described. Preliminary time-accurate computations with the in-house flow solver were shown to capture for the first time these complex flow features and yielded solutions in good agreement with the experimental observations. Flow fields obtained were similar for the studied total cardiac output range (1–3 l/min); however hydrodynamic power loss increased dramatically with increasing cardiac output, suggesting significant energy demand at exercise conditions. The simulation of cardiovascular flows poses a formidable challenge to even the most advanced CFD tools currently available. A successful prediction requires a two-pronged, physics-based approach, which integrates high-resolution CFD tools and high-resolution laboratory measurements.     

全髋关节置换术均衡双下肢长度的探讨

目的探讨全髋关节置换术均衡双下肢长度的临床意义和手术设计。方法回顾分析2000-2004年获得随访的单侧全髋关节置换手术病例48例,采用骨水泥型假体12髋,混合型假体36髋,术前双下肢等长30例(含股骨颈骨折患者),10例患肢长度短缩1.0-2.0cm,6例短缩2.0-4.0cm,2例短缩4.0-6.0cm。通过术前肢体长度测量及X片测量制定手术方案,选择假体、预估颈长和截骨平面;术中正确磨削髋臼,寻找最佳旋转中心,结合透视及特殊试验修正截骨平面,调节假体颈长,达到均衡双下肢长度的目的。结果全部病例采用Harris评分,优30例,良12例,中4例,差2例。术前等长30例巾术后出现5例手术侧延长1.0-2.0cm,1例延长2.5cm。术前不等长的18例中,术后恢复等长10例,6例手术侧延长1.0-2.0cm,2例术前重度短缩的先天性髋关节发育不良病人术后仍然短缩2.0-3.0cm。术后肢体等长35例Harris评分平均92.3分,术后肢体不等长13例Harris评分平均88.6分。结论全髋关节置换术的手术设计。手术技巧以及假体设计等诸多因素影响下肢长度,术后肢体不等长降低了患者的满意度。应重视术前测量及术中综合评价方法的运用,重视软组织平衡技术和肢长调节,掌握全髋置换术中均衡下肢长度的手术技术,进一步改善手术效果。     

高频超声对疑似发育性髋关节异常患儿髋关节发育的评估价值

目的 探讨常规静态超声在诊断临床疑似发育性髋关节异常患儿中的应用价值.方法对612名疑似发育性髋关节异常患儿的1 224个关节进行超声检查,依据 Graf法分型、Morin法评价关节的稳定性并动态追踪最终的发育结果.结果 临床疑似病例中,87.4%分类为I型形态学正常的髋关节,9.8%分类为Iia型生理不成熟型关节,8...