卵巢癌患者卵巢血流参数及组织MiR、KLK的变化

目的：观察及探讨卵巢癌患者卵巢血流参数及组织微小RNA（MiR）、组织激肽释放酶（KLK）的变化情况。方法：选取本院收治的66例卵巢癌患者为观察组,另以同期的66例卵巢良性肿瘤患者为对照组,然后将两组的卵巢血流参数及组织MiR、KLK表达情况进行比较,比较观察组中不同分期卵巢癌患者的上述检测项目。结果：观察组的卵巢血流收缩期峰值流速（PSV）高于对照组,阻力指数（RI）及搏动指数（PI）均低于对照组,组织MiR表达低于对照组,KLK则高于对照组,且观察组中不同分期卵巢癌者的上述检测结果之间比较,差异均具有统计学意义（P均〈0.05）。结论：卵巢癌患者卵巢血流参数及组织MiR、KLK的变化较大,且上述指标对于卵巢癌分期也有较高的诊断价值。     

器官和组织捐献家属沟通专家共识

家属沟通是器官和组织捐献工作的关键环节,也是捐献成功与否的关键。为更好地帮助潜在器官和组织捐献者家属了解法律赋予的器官捐献自主选择权利,提升家属沟通效率,充分体现人文关怀,同时帮助相关从业者长期保持专业的工作状态及健康的心理状态,分享和总结各地最佳临床经验,共同商议并解决目前家属沟通面临的困难,在多方专家的共同参与下,特制订《器官和组织捐献家属沟通专家共识》。本共识以器官和组织捐献家属沟通的关键问题为导向,查阅相关文献,经多学科专家编写,并通过德尔菲投票方法达成共识,形成18个器官和组织捐献家属沟通关键元素及推荐建议,以期为器官和组织捐献家属沟通工作提供指引。本共识已在国际实践指南注册平台进行中英文注册。

     

Efficacy of post exercise pulsed wave tissue velocity imaging in diagnosing more than 70% coronary artery stenosis

BackgroundTo evaluate efficacy of post exercise tissue velocity imaging in diagnosing more than 70% coronary artery stenosis.MethodTwenty patients with angiographically proved significant coronary artery disease and 26 healthy controls were evaluated. Pulsed wave tissue velocity imaging was performed at rest and immediately after treadmill stress test. Medial and lateral part of mitral annulus and medial and lateral part of tricuspid annulus were evaluated.ResultNo change or reduction in systolic annular velocity after exercise at any of the four sites identified patients of significant coronary artery disease with 75% sensitivity and 73% specificity. Rise in the ratio of early diastolic inflow velocity to the corresponding early diastolic annular velocity above the identified site-specific cut-off value had sensitivity of 85% but specificity of 34.6%. A combination of no change or decrease in late diastolic annular velocity and no change or decrease in systolic annular velocity at any of the four sites had sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 88.46%.ConclusionPost exercise tissue velocity imaging can provide a useful, objective parameter for detection of ischemic heart disease on stress testing.     

Autoantibodies to Human Tissue Transglutaminase: Superior Predictors of Coeliac Disease

Background: Using selected sample populations, we compared sensitivity and specificity of autoantibodies to guinea pig and human tissue transglutaminase to assess if the human antigen is superior for predicting coeliac disease. Methods: Four commercial enzyme-linked immunoassay kits using human tissue transglutaminase as antigen were used to measure autoantibody levels in serum samples from untreated adult coeliacs ( n = 32). They were from a series of 130 cases diagnosed between 1997 and 1999 and chosen to bias the group towards subjects with negative autoantibodies when measured with guinea pig tissue transglutaminase as antigen. Samples from 38 control subjects (biased towards false-positive levels with guinea pig antigen) were used to compare specificity. We also assessed if human antigen kits could differentiate between levels in normal subjects and in selective IgA deficiency. Results: Sensitivity for coeliac disease in this selected group using the human antigen kits ranged from 88% to 100%. Three kits showed significantly higher specificity (82%-97%, P < 0.05) than the guinea pig antigen kit (71%) for the samples studied. No kit achieved complete separation between normal autoantibody levels and lower levels in selective IgA deficiency. Conclusions: All human antigen kits showed significantly higher sensitivity for coeliac disease compared to guinea pig antigen ( P < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic curves confirmed the superior diagnostic accuracy of the human antigen kits.     

组织多普勒超声评价急性肺动脉栓塞患者右室功能的研究

目的　探讨应用组织多普勒成像 (TDI)评价急性肺动脉栓塞 (PE)患者右室功能的价值。方法　应用TDI观察13例应用螺旋CT诊断的急性PE患者治疗前后右室功能参数的改变 ,并分析TDI参数与肺动脉栓塞指数之间的关系。结果　急性PE患者治疗后右室侧壁基底段VE较治疗前显著增高 ( 10 .2 7± 3 .83 )cm/svs ( 13 .48± 3 .82 )cm/s ,P <0 .0 5 ,VA显著降低 ( 2 3 .16± 6.89)cm/svs ( 17.88± 3 .79)cm/s ,P <0 .0 5 ,右室侧壁各节段VE/VA增高显著 ;右室侧壁基底段VE/VA与螺旋CT肺动脉阻塞指数之间显著相关 (r =-0 .45 9,P <0 .0 5 )。结论　TDI参数对急性PE患者病变程度及疗效判定有一定的临床应用价值。     

Matrix depletion of young and old human articular cartilage by cultured autologous synovium fragments: a chondrocyte-independent effect

Summary Human articular cartilage of different ages was cultured for 8 days and proteoglycan (PG) release into the medium was measured. Retinol and synovial co-culture increased the PG release of cartilage of all ages. The effect of retinol was dose-dependent. Synovium increased also the PG release of dead cartilage, whereas retinol did not. The increased PG release by synovial co-culture is therefore mainly the result of synovial enzymes acting directly on the matrix rather than of a factor inducing chondrocyte-mediated breakdown.     

Hematopoietic reconstitution after bone marrow transplantation: Assessment with MR imaging and H-1 localized spectroscopy

Magnetic resonance (MR) studies were performed in 14 patients as early as possible (21–110 days) after bone marrow transplantation (BMT). MR characteristics of lumbar vertebral bone marrow were studied with T1-weighted spin-echo imaging, water- and fatselective imaging with a frequency-selective excitation technique, and point-resolved spatially localized proton spectroscopy. Signals from water and fat protons and their T1 and T2 values were analyzed. Water proton signal intensity correlated well with cellularity within bone marrow, as determined with parallel iliac crest biopsies. The fraction of signal from water in red bone marrow of patients with allogeneic transplants from siblings (four cases) was significantly higher than in four patients with autologous transplants. The latter showed very low cellularity in the period of about 4 weeks after BMT because of the cytotoxic pretreatment of the bone marrow. The MR results in six patients with allogeneic transplants from unrelated donors ranged widely, depending on the complications after BMT. Analysis of data obtained with the different techniques showed that water- and fat-selective MR imaging and spectroscopic methods are useful for noninvasive monitoring of hematopoietic reconstitution after BMT.     

Time after excision and temperature alter ex vivo tissue relaxation time measurements

Previously unreported effects of tissue storage were recently observed in the authors' experimental magnetic resonance (MR) studies. To evaluate the effect of elapsed time after excision and storage temperature on tissue relaxation time measurements, tissue samples from the liver, pancreas, kidney, testis, spleen, and brain were obtained in rats. T1 and T2 were first measured within 5 minutes of excision, and between subsequent measurements, tubes were kept in a water bath at 40°C, at room temperature (28°C), or in an ice bath (4°C). Cellular and organellar integrity was assessed with electron microscopy and correlated with the MR findings. At 40°C (20-MHz spectrometer), the T1 of liver decreased from 280 msec ± 8 to 212 msec ± 10 during the first 60 minutes; the T1 of pancreas decreased from 276 msec ± 3 to 208 msec ± 2. Other tissues showed less than a 5% decrease in T1. T2 changes were smaller than T1 changes in all tissues. Electron microscopy of pancreatic acinar cells showed postmortem changes in mitochondria evolving over the first 60 minutes after death. Manganese loading experiments implicated mitochondrial manganese stores in the observed enhanced postmortem decrease in T1. This study calls into question reported relaxation time data for liver and pancreas. MR studies of excised tissues must account for time and temperature to prevent systematic experimental errors.     

Precise and accurate measurement of proton T1 in human brain in vivo: Validation and preliminary clinical application

Precise and accurate inversion-recovery (PAIR) magnetic resonance (MR) measurements of T1 were obtained in eight brain regions and cerebrospinal fluid of 26 healthy volunteers. Accuracy of the technique was assessed by measuring T1 in small fluid volumes with the PAIR technique and with two independent spectroscopic techniques. The mean difference between T1 measured with PAIR and with the two spectroscopic techniques was 3.1% ± 1.3. The precision (reproducibility) of measurements with the PAIR technique was excellent. The coefficient of variation (CV) across 16 measurements in a head phantom was 2.0%, compared with a CV of 2.7% across 45 separate measurements in a single subject. The within-subject CV was 1.8% ± 0.6 in white matter and 1.4% ± 1.0 in basal ganglia. The between-subject CV in 26 healthy volunteers was 3.6% ± 0.6 in white matter and 4.1% ± 1.9 in basal ganglia. Comparison between a patient with an active recurrent brain tumor and an agematched patient with an inactive brain tumor showed that T1 was significantly elevated throughout the brain of the active-tumor patient, especially in white matter tracts, even though no tumor or edema was detected in the white matter on standard MR images. Comparisons between five brain tumor patients and four healthy volunteers of similar age showed that T1 was significantly and substantially elevated throughout the white matter tracts and in the caudate nucleus, putamen, and thalamus. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that white matter tracts are selectively vulnerable to edema and that T1 increases in white matter are a sensitive indicator of patient status or tumor aggressiveness.     

Cultured composite autografts as coverage for an extensive body surface area burn: case report and review of the technology

Cultured epithelial autografts (CEA) have been used as an adjunct in the surgical management of extensive thermal burns. Unfortunately, the lack of a dermal matrix makes CEA susceptible to infection, shearing forces and limits their incorporation into the burn wound. A cultured composite autograft (CCA) has been developed in which autologous keratinocytes and fibroblasts are surgically harvested from the burn patient's normal skin. These components are proliferated and then combined to form an epidermal and dermal matrix, grown to confluence then applied.

Standard wound coverage techniques as well as CCA technology were utilized for successful wound closure in a 12 yr-old female with an 81% third degree burn. After fascial excision and allograft coverage, autografts were placed on her posterior burns and then 7500 cm² of CCA was placed onto her anterior thorax, abdomen and lower extremities. Sixty percent of the burn was covered with CCA resulting in a success rate of 40%. No evidence of infection was noted, even in areas where CCA failed, although in those areas random epithelialization appeared to occur which then seemed to facilitate autograft placement. Early debridement and allografting followed by conventional autografts and CCA placement may provide an effective skin coverage strategy in patients with extensive deep burns.