胫骨造釉细胞瘤手术方法选择

目的:探讨胫骨造釉细胞瘤手术方法选择的应用价值。方法:胫骨造釉细胞瘤患者5例,男4例,女1例;年龄14⁶1岁,平均37.8岁。5例行手术治疗,先后多次复发。早期行病灶刮除、自体骨、异体骨或人工骨植骨术,全部复发。复发后又先后行瘤段切除、自体游离腓骨移植术,瘤段切除、异体骨移植术。最终4例行截肢术。结果:术后随访10个月³年,平均12.4个月。病灶刮除植骨术后复发5例,3例再行瘤段切除、自体游离腓骨髂骨移植术,其中2例复发;2例再行瘤段切除、异体骨移植术,均复发。复发的4例均采取截肢治疗。出现肺转移1例,行肺转移灶切除术;出现骨转移1例,行髋关节离断术,随访末期死亡0例。结论:虽然胫骨造釉细胞瘤有很高的复发率,但经过积极正确的手术方法治疗,预后尚好。     

Open reduction and internal fixation of intraarticular tibial plateau nonunions

The vast majority of tibial plateau fractures heal uneventfully, and no case series on intraarticular tibial plateau nonunions exists. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the radiographic and clinical outcome of these nonunions following surgical treatment in a single surgeon series. Five patients with tibial plateau nonunions were treated at our institution using a specific treatment protocol consisting of open reduction and debridement, deformity correction, internal fixation including lag screws, bone graft augmentation, and selective knee joint arthrolysis. Patient outcomes were assessed using radiographs and the Knee Society questionnaire scores. Following surgical treatment of the nonunion, all healed at an average of 12.8 weeks, and average follow-up was 44 months. Preoperative coronal plane deformity was corrected in all patients. The final knee motion arc averaged 120 degrees postoperatively. Both the pain and function subscales of the Knee Society Rating scale improved significantly. Four of the five returned to their normal pre-injury activities, but two patients required total knee arthroplasty which was performed successfully after healing of the nonunion. With meticulous surgical technique and a standard protocol, healing may be reliably achieved. Arthrosis occurs frequently, and may occur primarily at the time of injury or from chronic alteration of intraarticular contact forces secondary to development of a nonunion.     

Safe corridors in external fixation: the lower leg (tibia,fibula, hindfoot and forefoot)

It is a prerequisite for surgeons using external fixation systems to be familiar with safe corridors for half pin or wire insertion. Several atlases of cross-sectional anatomy are available, mostly in print, to provide guidance [1–3]. This series of articles provides high-quality cross-sectional anatomical images together with guidance in locating safe corridors; the added benefit here is that the information can be downloaded and stored on the surgeon’s or in the operating room computer for ease of reference. This review covers the lower leg from knee joint to foot.     

双切口入路治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折

目的探讨双切口入路在治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折中的应用效果。方法对21例复杂性胫骨平台骨折的患者采用前外侧联合后内侧切口。后内侧用有限接触加压钢板或窄加压钢板固定,外侧以支撑钢板固定。结果全部病例均获得随访,时间6-30个月。采用Rasmussen膝关节功能评分法评估疗效,优9例,良7例,可3例,差2例。术后无一例深部感染、内固定松动及断裂。结论双切口入路能有效减少软组织并发症,较好地显露骨折,复位方便,固定可靠,是一种较好的治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折的手术入路和方法。     

有限切开固定治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折

目的探讨采用有限切开固定治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折的临床效果。方法采用间接复位有限切开固定治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折37例,SchatzkerⅣ型骨折采用前内侧小切口,T型钢板固定,SchatzkerⅤ、Ⅵ型骨折采用前外侧小切口联合后内侧切口,后内侧用1/3管型钢板固定支撑,外侧以高尔夫棒型钢板固定。结果随访6-30个月,37例均于12周内骨折愈合。所有患者均恢复了患肢的正常力线及患膝的骨性稳定。采用Sanders膝关节评分法评估疗效：优13例,良20例,可4例。结论有限切开固定治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折是一种安全有效的生物学固定方法,创伤小,骨折愈合快,可早期功能锻炼,膝关节功能恢复满意。     

双钢板治疗Schatzker Ⅴ、Ⅵ型胫骨平台骨折

目的探讨双钢板治疗SchatzkerⅤ、Ⅵ型胫骨平台骨折疗效。方法采用双钢板治疗15例SchatzkerⅤ、Ⅵ胫骨平台骨折患者,术后第1天即进行膝关节功能锻炼。结果患者经过6~38个月随访,术后伤口一期愈合,无骨折延迟、畸形愈合。X线片显示胫骨平台均未发生二期塌陷,膝关节屈曲120°~135°。膝关节功能采用Iowa膝关节评分标准评定:优10例,良4例,可1例。结论采用双钢板治疗SchatzkerⅤ、Ⅵ型胫骨平台骨折,术中注意避免对胫前皮瓣和骨折端血供的过分破坏、固定可靠及术后及时正确功能锻炼是取得良好疗效的关键。     

关节镜监视下治疗胫骨平台骨折

2004—2006年,我院采用关节镜监视和定位治疗胫骨平台骨折,获得了良好的效果。     

短缩-延长肢体治疗胫骨骨缺损合并软组织缺损

目的探索单纯使用Orthofix重建外固定架通过短缩一延长肢体治疗胫骨骨缺损合并软组织缺损的可行性。方法2001年7月～2006年7月收治胫骨骨缺损合并软组织缺损患者39例，其中37例为胫骨感染性骨折不愈合，2例为胫骨开放性骨折（GustiloⅢB型1例，Gustilo ⅢC型1例）。在患肢上安放Orthofix重建外固定架。清创术后小腿胫前内侧软组织平均缺损12cm（6～24cm），胫骨骨缺损平均9cm（4～22cm）。对胫骨骨缺损〈5cm的患者使用一期清创．腓骨截骨．胫骨缺损端加压。对22例胫骨缺损〉5cm的患者采用清创，腓骨截骨．短缩肢体〈5cm。对炎症局限、胫骨截骨部皮肤正常而且远离伤口的患者同期行胫骨截骨术，否则于1．0～1．5个月后二期行胫骨截骨术延长恢复肢体的长度。结果所有患者平均随访14个月（10～44个月）。骨缺损均得以重建，患肢肢体长度与健侧之差小于5mm，骨折愈合，无感染复发，创面均闭合。1例术后出现腓总神经麻痹，术后2个月恢复。4例胫骨缺损患者诉膝部疼痛。5例胫骨蠓损患者出现马蹄内翻足。2例胫骨缺损出现下胫腓分离。1例再骨折。结论使用Orthofix重建外固定架进行短缩．延长肢体是治疗胫骨骨缺损合并软组织缺损的有效方法，但应谨慎使用。对于软组织缺损少的小腿一期短缩的安全限度为3cm，最终短缩6cm。对于软组织缺损较大的急性胫骨开放骨折小腿一期可以短缩9cm。     

Effect of tibial drill-guide angle on the mechanical environment at bone tunnel aperture after anatomic single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Purpose

The tibial drill-guide angle in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction influences the tunnel placement and graft-tunnel force, and is potentially associated with post-operative tunnel widening. This study aimed to examine the effect of the drill-guide angle on the stress redistribution at the tibial tunnel aperture after anatomic single-bundle ACL reconstruction.

Methods

A validated finite element model of human knee joint was used. The tibial tunnel with drill-guide angle ranging from 30° to 75° was investigated. The post-operative stress redistribution in tibia under the compressive, valgus, rotational and complex loadings was analysed.

Results

Compressive loading played a leading role on the stress redistribution at intra-articular tibial tunnel aperture. After ACL reconstruction, stress concentration occurred in the anterior and posterior regions of tunnel aperture while stress reduction occurred in the lateral and posteromedial regions under the compressive loading. Stress redistribution was partially alleviated by using the drill-guide angle ranging from 55° to 65°.

Conclusions

The present study quantified the effect of bone tunnel drill-guide angle on the post-operative stress redistribution. This phenomenon potentially contributed to tunnel widening. A tunnel drill-guide angle ranging from 55° to 65° was proposed based on the biomechanical rationale. It could serve as a helpful surgical guide for ACL reconstruction.