53例Pilon 骨折手术与非手术治疗方法的比较

目的：通过Pilon骨折不同治疗方法的分析,探讨如何提高其疗效。方法：1998－1999年共治疗Pilon骨折53例,其中保守治疗（包括石膏固定或跟骨牵引）25例,另28例行解剖重建、坚强内固定和植骨的方法。根据每例患者各自的骨折形态及参照健侧胫骨内侧面的弧度,设计相应长度的特制钢板。结果：手术治疗较保守治疗优良率由36．8％提高至89．3％,术后并发症也有明显减少。结论：术前周密设计、特制钢板的应用,以及解剖复位和坚强的内固定,是提高Pilon骨折疗效的有效措施。     

Accuracy and initial stability of open- and closed-wedge high tibial osteotomy: a cadaveric RSA study

We analyzed the difference in angle-correction accuracy and initial stability between open-wedge (OWO) and closed-wedge tibial valgus osteotomy (CWO). Five fresh-frozen pairs of human cadaver lower limbs were used; their bone mineral density (BMD) was measured with DEXA and a planned 7° valgus osteotomy was performed, either with an open (right knees) or closed (left knees) technique. All knees for osteotomy were fixed with a rigid locked plate. In OWO, tricalcium phosphate (TCP) wedges were inserted. The knees were subjected to an increasing cyclic axial load until failure, while measuring the relative displacement of the bony segments with roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis. The mean postoperative valgus correction angle was 9.5°±2.8° for CWO (over-correction of 2.5°) and 6.2°±2.0° for OWO (under-correction of 0.8°) (P =0.08). The data of displacement under load bearing showed no significant differences in rotations and translations in any direction. No significant correlation between BMD and the moment of failure was found (P =0.27). This study has shown that both methods gave an acceptable correction with a high variation of postoperative correction angles. There was a tendency for over-correction in the CWO group but no significant difference was found. There was no difference in initial stability between CWO and OWO with a rigid locked-plate fixation.     

The distal femoral and proximal tibial growth plates: MR imaging,three-dimensional modeling and estimation of area and volume

Objective To explore how the size of the growth plate changes with age using three-dimensional (3D) models of the distal femoral and proximal tibial growth plates in pediatric patients.Design and patients We retrospectively created 3D models of the normal unaffected distal femoral (n=20) and proximal tibial (n=10) growth plates in 14 patients (9 males, 5 females) age range 3.8–15.6 years who were referred for evaluation of premature partial closure of the growth plate or hyaline cartilage abnormality. All patients had one or more 3D fat-suppressed spoiled GRASS sequence from which models were made of normal growth plates. Total projected area was estimated from standardized maximum intensity projection (MIP) views, and volume was computed from the entire model. We also included the total projected area of the distal femur (n=7) or proximal tibia (n=8) in 11 patients (8 males, 3 females, 5–13 years) who had previously been evaluated for bone bridging.Results The 3D femoral and tibial growth plate anatomy was displayed. Femoral growth plate area varied from 804 mm² to 3,463 mm². Femoral physeal cartilage volume varied from 2.1 cm³ to 12.6 cm³. Tibial growth plate area varied from 736 mm² to 3,026 mm². Tibial physeal cartilage volume varied from 1.9 cm³ to 13.2 cm³. The growth plate area values appear to increase linearly with increasing age.Conclusions The distal femoral and proximal tibial physeal plates have complex anatomy. Both area and volume of the growth plates appeared to follow a linear increase with age and reached a plateau in adolescence, although there was some scatter. Area appears to have less measurement variability than volume, and may be a more reliable predictor of growth plate tissue quantity.     

Tibial hyperostosis: A diagnostic approach

Tibial hyperostosis may be encountered in musculoskeletal imaging, incidentally or during the investigation of a leg pain. Hyperostosis involves the exuberant production of osseous tissue and results in cortical, periosteal and/or endosteal thickening of the bone. As a long bone with thick cortices, the tibia has a significant probability of being affected by ubiquitous bone diseases. As a tubular long bone, the tibia is likely to be involved in extensive infectious conditions such as osteomyelitis. As a bone of the lower limb, the tibia undergoes high stresses and may be affected by decrease in bone strength or repetitive submaximal stress. The tibia is also particularly involved in some bone sclerosing dysplasias and Paget's disease. In this work, we aim at highlighting the main conditions leading to tibial hyperostosis and try to provide key elements to narrow down the several diagnostic possibilities. Osteoid osteomas, fatigue or insufficiency fractures, infectious conditions, vascular lesions, sclerosing bone dysplasias and Paget's disease represent the main challenging diagnoses to discuss.     

带锁髓内钉微创治疗双侧胫骨干骨折

随着我国国民经济的高速发展,交通事故伤、坠落伤等越来越多,由高能量创伤引起的双侧胫骨干骨折也越来越常见,治疗方法的选择以及术后的康复训练等是治疗此类创伤的关键。自2000年1月至2006年12月采用带锁髓内钉微创治疗27例双侧胫骨干骨折患者,疗效满意。     

MRI在胫骨平台骨折治疗中的应用

目的 探讨MRI在胫骨平台骨折治疗中的应用价值。方法 五年来收治26例胫骨平台骨折患者,在常规X线片检查基础上,对其进行了MRI检查,从而更加精确评估胫骨平台骨折块劈裂和塌陷的程度,并判断有无合并损伤。结果 26例胫骨平台骨折中累及外侧平台9例,累及内侧平台6例,累及整个平台11例;合并半月板损伤4例,十字韧带及内侧副韧带损伤6例。根据MRI检查,术前得以正确评估胫骨平台碎骨块的移位方向和塌陷的面积。22例进行了手术,其中8例术中植骨治疗。结论 MRI能多方位、立体显示胫骨平台骨折的形态特征,有助于准确评估缺损面积,根据骨折累及范围,选择最佳的治疗方案。     

The angiogenic peptide pleiotrophin (PTN/HB-GAM) is expressed in fracture healing: an immunohistochemical study in rats

Introduction Formation of new blood vessels is essential for the process of fracture healing.Materials and methods We investigated the expression of the angiogenic factor pleiotrophin/HB-GAM in a closed fracture model in rats by immunohistochemical methods.Results Histologically, 5 days after fracture the callus was predominantly composed of fibrous tissue. On day 10 a prominent chondral callus connected both ends of the fractured tibia. There was a continuous transition from the chondral callus to the newly formed bone adjacent to the corticalis of the tibia. On day 15 the amount of woven bone had increased, and in 3 of 5 animals the proximal and distal tibiae were connected by a bridge of woven bone. Pleiotrophin could be immunostained in fibroblasts and endothelial cells of the fibrous tissue between the fractured tibia ends. The chondral callus remained largely pleiotrophin-negative. Only single chondrocytes adjacent to the newly formed bone were pleiotrophin-positive. On days 10 and 15 strong immunoreactivity for pleiotrophin in the well vascularized, newly formed, woven bone was detectable. Osteoblasts, endothelial cells and fibroblasts were strongly pleiotrophin-positive.Conclusions These results show the presence of the angiogenic peptide pleiotrophin during fracture healing.     

外固定架治疗开放性胫腓骨骨折

目的 观察外固定架治疗开放性胫腓骨骨折的疗效。方法 自1994年7月到1999年12月,收治开放性胫腓骨骨折43例,男27例,女16例;年龄18-62岁。全部采用单侧多功能外固定架治疗。结果 43例全部随访,平均18个月,骨折均愈合,平均愈合时间86天,患肢恢复良好,无骨髓炎、骨不连等合并症。结论 该方法操作简单、创伤小、固定可靠、愈合率高,并发症少。为开放性胫腓骨骨折首选治疗方法。     

VSD结合外固定支架在西藏高原地区胫腓骨开放性骨折分期治疗中应用

目的：探讨负压吸引敷料结合外固定支架技术在西藏高原地区胫腓骨开放性骨折分期治疗中的应用及临床疗效。方法2014年8月-2015年8月收治16胫腓骨开放性骨折患者,其中男性12例,女性4例,年龄19~66岁,平均年龄39.4岁(19~66岁);胫腓骨中上段骨折4例,下段骨折12例。待患者病情稳定后患者生命体征稳定后,无继发性损伤,予行清创、外固定支架固定骨折端,并采用负压吸引敷料覆盖创面或创腔。7 d后更换VSD或予行二期缝合或软组织覆盖。 X线检查明确骨折愈合时间并记录相关并发症。结果本组16例创面均二期愈合,未见感染、皮肤或皮瓣坏死等软组织并发症。本组共随访患者12例(电话通知来院复诊),4例失访,平均随访18个月(12~24个月)。影像学检查明确平均骨折愈合时间为5.5个月(3~7个月),其中骨折一期临床愈合9例(75%),延迟愈合3例(25%)。随访期间除2例出现钉道感染,经保守治疗后治愈,余患者未见深部感染、植皮或皮瓣坏死、畸形愈合、骨不连或骨髓炎发生。结论负压吸引敷料结合外固定支架治疗西藏高原地区胫腓骨开放性骨折,在迅速有效地稳定骨折的同时,能安全有效地封闭创面,缩短二期创面修复时间,促进骨折愈合,减少并发症。     

轴向应力促进胫骨骨折愈合的三维有限元力学参数优化研究

目的通过有限元方法建立胫骨骨折愈合仿真模型,利用有限元分析不同频率与大小组合的轴向应力促进骨折愈合过程,以期获得最佳理论参数。方法对一名健康志愿者胫骨进行CT扫描,通过Mimics、Geomagic、Abaqus等有限元软件建立胫骨骨折钢板内固定实体模型;观察胫骨骨折愈合过程中骨痂内部应力、应变及骨折端位移,比较骨折愈合仿真所获得的愈合模式图及骨痂单元数变化。结果通过有限元分析计算了胫骨骨折间隙内骨痂组织的应力、应变及位移,观察分析200 N、1 Hz组合参数分化的成熟骨组织细胞单元数是最多的。结论建立胫骨骨折愈合的三维有限元模型,通过三维有限元分析所获得的200 N、1 Hz为最佳理论参数组合,为临床个体化促进胫骨骨折愈合提供理论依据。