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131.
G. Wu S. F. Fan Z.-H. Lu R. W. Ledeen S. M. Crain 《Journal of neuroscience research》1995,42(4):493-503
Prolongation of the action potential duration of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons by low (nM) concentrations of opioids occurs through activation of excitatory opioid receptors that are positively coupled via Gs regulatory protein to adenylate cyclase. Previous results suggested GM1 ganglioside to have an essential role in regulating this excitatory response, but not the inhibitory (APD-shortening) response to higher (μM) opioid concentrations. Furthermore, it was proposed that synthesis of GM1 is upregulated by prolonged activation of excitatory opioid receptor functions. To explore this possibility we have utilized cultures of hybrid F11 cells to carry out closely correlated electrophysiological and biochemical analyses of the effects of chronic opioid treatment on a homogeneous population of clonal cells which express many functions characteristic of DRG neurons. We show that chronic opioid exposure of F11 cells does, in fact, result in elevated levels of GM1 as well as cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP), concomitant with the onset of opioid excitatory supersensitivity as manifested by naloxone-evoked decreases in voltage-dependent membrane K+ currents. Such elevation of GM1 would be expected to enhance the efficacy of excitatory opioid receptor activation of the Gs/adenylate cyclase/cyclic AMP system, thereby providing a positive feedback mechanism that may account for the remarkable supersensitivity of chronic opioid-treated neurons to the excitatory effects of opioid agonists as well as antagonists. These in vitro findings may provide novel insights into the mechanisms underlying naloxone-precipitated withdrawal syndromes and opioid-induced hyperalgesia after chronic opiatf addiction in vivo. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献
132.
Hiroyuki Hamakawa Hiroaki Kayahara Hiroaki Tanioka 《International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery》1997,26(6):440-442
We describe a procedure for “chain-link” combined tissue transfer connecting the vascular pedicle of a deep circumflex iliac flap with that of a forearm flap after wide resection of the mandible. Combination of these flaps facilitated the reconstruction of the defect in both intra- and extraoral soft tissue and the mandibular bone. This method is useful when cervical recipient blood vessels are limited due to the wide resection of the primary tumor and radical neck dissection. 相似文献
133.
Ureteropelvic junction obstruction was noted in a newborn male infant with acro-pectoro-renal field defect. To our knowledge, this association has not previously been reported. Ultrasonography of the urinary tract should be performed on all children with aplasia of the pectoralis major muscle. 相似文献
134.
8kg以下婴儿室间隔缺损伴肺动脉高压手术治疗 总被引:25,自引:0,他引:25
为提高小婴儿室缺伴肺动脉高压的手术疗效,总结16例8kg以下室间隔缺损(室缺)伴肺动脉高压婴儿行急诊手术修补室缺的经验。其中14例在深低温停循环下进行,手术效果满意;术后死亡1例(6%)。作者认为,婴儿巨型室缺应尽早手术治疗为宜,深低温停循环方法尤为适合;术后强调持续保持病婴镇静及呼吸道通畅,防止肺高压危象的发生。 相似文献
135.
足组织缺损的显微修复 总被引:15,自引:11,他引:4
1984年~1994年共收治各种足部组织创伤缺损236例,均采用显微外科技术进行组织移植修复,其中单纯皮瓣移植修复187例,复合皮瓣移植修复49例。吻合血管游离移植修复97例,带血管蒂移位修复139例。4例前足缺损者用带肩胛骨的复合皮瓣移植修复,6例足跟严重缺损者用带血管的腓骨复合皮瓣移植修复。经1~10年随访,皮瓣、复合皮瓣、移植或再植的骨骨各全部成活,愈合良好,足功能基本得到恢复,可行走、负重,186例恢复了原工作。认为,恢复足部结构完整与重建足跟、足底的感觉是获得良好功能的关键 相似文献
136.
面斜裂整形修复中泪道重建术的探讨 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
为了解决面斜裂整形修复中泪道重建的难题,1989年3月~1995年1月,对4例患者治疗中设计了三种手术方法:泪小管鼻腔吻合术;静脉血管或口腔粘膜移植重建泪道术;改良的泪囊鼻腔吻合术。术后重建的泪道置入导管3~6个月。经术后6个月~1年的观察,面部畸形整复,溢泪消失,红汞试验及泪道检查均通畅,效果满意。认为,应根据泪道畸形程度的不同,选择合适的手术方法,以取得最佳疗效。 相似文献
137.
刘达恩 《中国修复重建外科杂志》1997,11(2):83-85
总结胸腹轴型皮瓣早期修复上肢不同部位的深度蛇伤溃疡的经验,评价其应用价值。本组16例,胸脐皮瓣2例,侧胸腹皮瓣1例,髂腰皮瓣5例,下腹皮瓣6例,下腹分叶皮瓣1例,髂腰加下腹Y形皮瓣1例。术后1例皮瓣远端坏死,3例轻度感染,16例断蒂后全部成活。随访3个月~7年,皮瓣质地和弹性均好,手功能基本恢复。认为,带蒂胸腹轴型皮瓣是修复上肢深度蛇伤溃疡理想的方法。 相似文献
138.
腰椎峡部裂的CT诊断 总被引:12,自引:2,他引:10
目的:回顾性分析腰椎峡部裂的CT表现并讨论其诊断与鉴别诊断,材料与方法,23例患先行腰椎侧位扫描定位图像,采用与椎间盘平行的角度,自病变脊椎的上一椎体下缘边续发描至于下椎体上缘,层厚4或5mm必要时在峡部行2mm,层厚扫描,结果;23例中,累及双侧21例,单侧2例,发生在L516例,L47例,CT表现为同一脊椎关节突间的低密度裂隙,出瑞椎弓根下缘平面,走行不规则,裂隙可宽可窄,表面不光滑。 相似文献
139.
M. R. Wang C. Y. Chai J. S. Kuof 《Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology》1994,21(1):21-29
1. In chloralose-urethane anaesthetized cats, the dorsal cardiovascular reactive area (DCRA) in the parvocellular reticular nucleus dorsomedial to the facial nucleus, and the ventral cardiovascular reactive area (VCRA) ventromedial to the facial nucleus, were stimulated by microinjections of sodium glutamate (100–200 nmol) or electric current. 2. Stimulation of DCRA, with a long latency of 15–20 s, elicited a marked increase of blood flow in the contralateral femoral artery with little change to moderate increase in systemic arterial blood pressure (ABP). In the relatively dorsal portion of DCRA, however, a smaller increase of blood flow in the ipsilateral femoral artery was elicited. 3. On the other hand, stimulation of VCRA with a short latency (3–5 s) evoked an increase of blood flow in both femoral arteries which was more prominent on the contralateral side. The responses were accompanied with decreases in the blood flow of other vascular beds with only a slight increase or minimal change in ABP. 4. The data suggest that DCRA and VCRA are both viscerotopically organized to alter the resistance of individual vascular beds for redistribution of blood flow. 相似文献
140.
The pharmacokinetics and haemodynamic effects of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) have been investigated following administration of single doses as a sublingual (SL) spray (2.5 mg), sublingual tablet (5 mg) and peroral tablet (10 mg) in a randomised, placebo-controlled double-blind cross-over trial in 16 healthy volunteers.After the sublingual spray Cmax was higher (39.0 ng·ml-1) and tmax was shorter (3.9 min) than after the sublingual (22.8 ng·ml-1 and 13.8 min) and peroral (16.9 ng·ml-1 and 25.6 min) tablets. The AUC of ISDN did not differ following any of the three formulations (1031; 879; 997 ng·ml-1·min, for the spray, SL tablet and PO-tablet, respectively). Mononitrate metabolites of ISDN (IS-2-MN and IS-5-MN) and total nitrates in plasma increased in proportion to the administered dose. This indicates that the fraction of the dose absorbed was the same for all the formulations but that the extent of first-pass metabolism increased in the order sublingual spray < sublingual tablet < peroral tablet. Thus, compared to the spray, the relative bioavailability of ISDN was 48% and 28% from the sublingual and peroral tablets, respectively.The haemodynamic effects were quantified using the a/b ratio of the finger pulse wave and the systolic blood pressure and heart rate under orthostatic conditions. For the a/b ratio of the finger pulse, the maximal effect was higher (emax=130%) and the time to emax (temax) shorter (16.6 min) after the spray than the sublingual tablet (84.4% and 25.5 min) or peroral tablet (90.2 and 31.3 min). The onset of effect was within 3, 5 and 7.5 min after the spray, sublingual and peroral tablets, respectively. A larger change in the orthostatically-induced decrease in systolic blood pressure and increase in heart rate was obtained following peroral than sublingual administration despite the similar plasma concentrations of ISDN. This probably reflects the larger amount of pharmacodynamically active mononitrate metabolites formed after oral dosing. The integrated effect following administration of 2.5 mg ISDN as spray was similar to that of a sublingual tablet of 5 mg. 相似文献