气味对小鼠学习记忆能力及海马cAMP反应元件结合蛋白的影响

目的:探讨不同气味(苹果、香水、樟脑)对小鼠学习记忆能力及海马cAMP反应元件结合蛋白(CREB)和磷酸化的CREB(pCREB)的影响。方法:让小鼠在不同气味的环境下生活14d,在第7d开始方形水迷宫训练,3d后进行测试,连续测试5d。测试完后断髓处死动物,取出脑组织,用免疫组织化学染色观察海马pCREB和CREB表达情况,并进行图像分析。结果:樟脑组和香水组水迷宫的潜伏期较对照组延长,错误次数增多(P＜0.05)。免疫组化染色显示鼠海马CREB的磷酸化水平大大降低(P＜0.05),但对CREB的表达无明显影响。苹果组与对照组比各指标均无显著差异(P＞0.05)。结论:樟脑气味和香水气味对小鼠记忆能力有负面作用,且这种作用可能是通过降低CREB磷酸化水平而实现的。苹果气味对小鼠记忆能力无明显影响。     

Direct molecular diagnosis of myotonic dystrophy

Hecht BK, Donnelly A, Gedeon AK, Byard RW, Haan EA, Mulley JC. Direct molecular diagnosis of myotonic dystrophy. Clin Genet 1993: 43: 276–285. © Munksgaard, 1993 Myotonic dystrophy (DM) arises from an unstable trinucleotide (CTG_n) repeat sequence within the DM locus at 19q13.3. Twenty-three myotonic dystrophy families containing 205 persons with no symptoms, minimal manifestations, classic DM or congenital DM were investigated to validate the application of the pM10M6 probe to direct molecular diagnosis. Affected family members had been diagnosed clinically and the unaffected family members had been assigned carrier probabilities close to either zero or 100%, using closely linked flanking markers. Southern analysis identified all 89 DM gene carriers as having expansions of the unstable element. PstI detected all small expansions of the repeat sequence as easily seen discrete bands; but large expansions were usually seen as diffuse smears, sometimes difficult to distinguish from lane background. EcoRI concentrated these diffuse smears, associated with somatic instability, into discrete bands which were easy to detect; but it did not resolve the smaller expansions present in 9 (10%) of the DM carriers. It is essential that PstI and EcoRI gels are run in parallel to detect all DM gene carriers. The extent of expansion of CTG correlated with age of onset and disease severity. Biopsies of various fetal tissues from two terminated pregnancies confirmed the diagnosis obtained by CVS and revealed no heterogeneity between tissues at this developmental stage. Further expansion occurred during the culture of CVS cells, indicating that direct prenatal diagnosis needs to be carried out on CVS tissue rather than on cultured cells. The intergenerational change of the repeat sequence from DM parent to DM offspring showed a significant parental sex difference for those parents with large expansions. Contraction of the unstable element was observed in the three males carrying the largest expansions and could explain why congenital DM is exclusively of maternal origin.     

长骨内开口效应对其力学性能影响的理论模型研究

建立一个股骨中段的外侧皮质带有矩形开口的力学模型,采用有限元方法,计算骨开口区的尺寸改变时,股骨的扭转刚度和应力分布的变化。结果表明:骨开口长度为骨外径的1倍时(1OD),对股骨扭转刚度和剪应力分布的影响较小;开口长度从2OD增至4OD时扭转刚度急剧减小,而且剪应力的最大值位于开口区中心。本结论对临床骨科的手术治疗方法和骨开口尺寸的控制提供了重要的理论依据。     

椎间盘部分切除对腰椎应力分布影响的有限元分析

腰椎间盘突出症是骨科常见病之一。椎间盘切除术被广泛应用于本症的治疗。本文采用有限元素分析法观察了椎间盘部分切除前后腰椎应力分布的改变。本研究观察到,在正常情况下,椎体上下缘的中央部位承受较大的应力;椎间盘部分切除术后,椎体上下缘的侧方承采应力大于中央部分。这些结果表明,椎间盘部分切除术后可引起腰椎应力分布紊乱,出现应力集中,引起骨质增生,从而影响手术的远期疗效。     

Object-based three-dimensional X-ray imaging

A form of three-dimensional X-ray imaging, called Object 3-D, is introduced, where the relevant subject material is represented as discrete ‘objects’. The surface of each such object is derived accurately from the projections of its outline, and of its other discontinuities, in about ten conventional X-ray views, distributed in solid angle. This technique is suitable for many applications, and permits dramatic savings in radiation exposure and in data acquisition and manipulation. It is well matched to user-friendly interactive displays.     

基于冷冻切片的人体腰椎三维有限元模型

目的利用上海交通大学生命质量与机械工程研究所自主开发的冷冻切片处理软件CryoSegmemation提取人体骨骼的边缘,利用逆向工程软件Imageware建立骨骼的面模型,在ANSYS中建立人体腰椎的三维有限元模型。方法利用第三军医大学的第一例男性冷冻切片数据进行图像处理,截面轮廓线信息处理。结果准确快速地建立了完全符合人体解剖特征的腰椎三维有限元模型。结论利用该研究所自主开发的冷冻切片软件和一些现有的商用软件可以准确、快速地建立人体腰椎的三维面模型、体模型及有限元模型,为航空、车辆、船舶、生物医学工程等不同的领域进行数值模拟计算和动力学仿真提供完全符合人体解剖学特征的原始模型。     

冠状动脉支架抗压缩性能的有限元分析

冠状动脉支架作为经皮穿刺冠状动脉成形术中保持病变血管畅通的核心器件。其对病变动脉壁的支撑作用如何是支架植入术成功的先决条件之一。依据冠脉支架抗压缩性能的实际测试原型，建立起对应的有限元模型，并利用此方法系统地研究了专利支架设计，其扩张尺度的不同和筋的尺寸变化对支架抵抗两平面压缩性能的影响。结果显示，随支架扩张直径的增大，其抵抗两平面压缩的作用减小，增加支架筋的宽度或厚度能够提高支架的抗压缩性能，且这两个方向尺寸的增加对提高抗压缩性能的作用相当。模拟与实验结果一致，表明有限元模拟可以在一定程度上替代支架原型测试工作。     

Program for generation of three-dimensional finite element mesh from magnetic resonance imaging scans of human limbs

A PC-AT based program for conversion of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans into coordinate input for finite element mesh generation is presented. The program is written in Borland C + +3.1 and is compatible with every general-use personal computer, permitting the use of MS-DOS 3.0 or higher with a Microsoft mouse. The program is menu driven and does not demand specialised knowledge from the user. The system and memory requirements are minimal -- 640 kB RAM -- and it runs as a stand-alone program. A second program allows the construction of a three-dimensional representation of the limb sub-structure and generation of the FE mesh from the converted cross-sectional scans. The capabilities of the program are demonstrated using cross-sectional scans of the upper arm; the fat, muscle and bone contours were obtained to a very high level of precision (0.4 mm).