胸腰椎骨折经椎弓根内固定术后螺钉断裂及松动原因探讨

目的:分析和探讨胸腰椎骨折经椎弓根内固定后,椎弓根螺钉断裂及弯曲松动的原因。方法:对胸腰椎骨折行椎弓根内固定术(334例)并发生椎弓根螺钉断裂或弯曲松动的25例患者(33个椎体)的临床资料及随访结果进行分析。结果:经椎弓根内固定后螺钉断裂或弯曲松动的原因有:①螺钉负荷过大。②椎间盘高度的丢失。③内固定物取出过晚。④螺钉本身的设计或质量问题。⑤卧床时间过短。⑥植骨融合的问题。⑦复位不良。结论:对行经椎弓根内固定术的胸腰椎骨折患者,应根据其具体情况,选择设计合理的椎弓根内固定器械,对合并有间盘损伤及伴有脱位的病例应行植骨融合术,术后应至少卧床2￣3个月,在6￣8个月以后根据患者恢复情况尽早取出内固定物,是防止椎弓根螺钉断裂或弯曲松动的有效方法。     

椎弓根内固定在下腰椎失稳伴椎管狭窄手术中的应用

目的：探讨下腰椎失稳伴椎管狭窄的手术要点及椎弓根内固定在手术中的作用和意义。方法：总结2001年5月～2004年6月采用后路椎管减压、椎弓根内固定及椎间关节融合、横突间植骨治疗的32例下腰椎失稳伴椎管狭窄病例的临床资料。结果：32例随访6个月-40个月，平均19．5个月，术后跛行改善者32例（100％），下肢肌力障碍恢复22例（68．7％），肌萎缩14例均有所恢复；28例感觉障碍者，完全恢复18例（64．3％），部分恢复6例（21．4％）。无明显恢复2例（7．1％）。结论：下腰椎失稳伴椎管狭窄可分别表现为结构性和动力性腰椎滑脱，椎弓根内固定对病人可起到使滑脱椎体复位、相邻椎体间稳定及椎间融合的作用，并可使摘除椎间盘后的相关间隙高度得到维持。充分解除神经受压症状。     

重庆市三峡水库开县消落区居民营养知识、态度、行为调查

目的:了解重庆市三峡水库消落区居民营养知识、态度、行为的情况及相关影响因素,为今后针对消落区居民进行的营养健康教育提供参考依据。方法:用整群抽样的方法对开县消落区102户的居民(农村50户,城镇52户)进行入户问卷调查。结果:大多数开县消落区居民对铁、疾病(如糖尿病、高血压等)相关营养以及食物营养价值的知识较贫乏;营养知识的掌握程度与居民的文化程度、体质指数有关。而饮食与疾病关系、花钱预防疾病以及食物价格与营养价值关系的认知态度不是很理想;营养知识越多、居民地在城镇、家人有慢性病患者、Engel指数越低则居民营养态度越好。在行为上,消落区居民饮食一般比较咸,经常吃腌腊肉、咸菜,淘米次数比较多,仅有77·5%的居民平时关注营养宣传;营养知识越多、初中以上文化程度的居民对营养行为趋于科学合理。结论:开县消落区居民亟需营养健康教育,并可以通过营养知识—态度—行为模式对居民发挥作用,以增加科学营养知识,增强健康营养意识,优化膳食结构和养成科学合理的饮食行为习惯。     

三峡库区万州段1997-2003年鼠表监测分析

目的：了解三峡库区万州段的鼠密度变化情况,为库区的鼠传疾病的防制提供依据.方法：按照CDC的《三峡库区人群健康方案》进行.结果：室内的鼠室度有下降的趋势（x^2=31.32,P＜0.0001）,优势鼠种为褐家鼠和小家鼠.室外的鼠密度较室内为高（x^2=55.05,P＜0.0000）,而且鼠密度的波动较大,优势鼠种为四川短尾鼩,黑线姬鼠,褐家鼠,小家鼠.结论：三峡库区万州段仍应加强鼠密度及流行性出血热、钩端螺旋体病、鼠疫监测.     

针刺足三阳经穴对胃黏膜损伤家兔生长抑素受体基因表达影响的比较

目的:比较针刺足三阳经对胃黏膜损伤的保护作用及对生长抑素受体基因表达的影响,探讨经脉脏腑相关的特异性.方法:乙醇灌胃造成家兔胃溃疡模型后,采用经络刺激仪进行针刺.治疗结束后用放射免疫及PC-PCR法测定胃黏膜表皮生长因子(EGF)、生长抑素(SS)及生长抑素受体(SSR1mRNA)表达.结果:模型组EGF含量较正常组明显降低;胃黏膜损伤指数、SS含量及SSR1mRNA表达则显著升高(P<0.01).与模型组比较,胃经组EGF明显升高,胃黏膜损伤指数、SS含量及SSR1mRNA表达显著降低(P<0.01).但胆经及膀胱经组与模型组比较上述指标未得到改善,与胃经组比较差异有非常显著性意义(P<0.01).结论:针刺足三阳经以胃经组对家兔胃黏膜损伤保护作用最强,其机制可能与调整有关脑肠肽及生长抑素受体基因表达有关.     

Tissue‐Engineered Tracheal Reconstruction Using Three‐Dimensionally Printed Artificial Tracheal Graft: Preliminary Report

Three‐dimensional printing has come into the spotlight in the realm of tissue engineering. We intended to evaluate the plausibility of 3D‐printed (3DP) scaffold coated with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) seeded in fibrin for the repair of partial tracheal defects. MSCs from rabbit bone marrow were expanded and cultured. A half‐pipe‐shaped 3DP polycaprolactone scaffold was coated with the MSCs seeded in fibrin. The half‐pipe tracheal graft was implanted on a 10 × 10‐mm artificial tracheal defect in four rabbits. Four and eight weeks after the operation, the reconstructed sites were evaluated bronchoscopically, radiologically, histologically, and functionally. None of the four rabbits showed any sign of respiratory distress. Endoscopic examination and computed tomography showed successful reconstruction of trachea without any collapse or blockage. The replaced tracheas were completely covered with regenerated respiratory mucosa. Histologic analysis showed that the implanted 3DP tracheal grafts were successfully integrated with the adjacent trachea without disruption or granulation tissue formation. Neo‐cartilage formation inside the implanted graft was sufficient to maintain the patency of the reconstructed trachea. Scanning electron microscope examination confirmed the regeneration of the cilia, and beating frequency of regenerated cilia was not different from those of the normal adjacent mucosa. The shape and function of reconstructed trachea using 3DP scaffold coated with MSCs seeded in fibrin were restored successfully without any graft rejection.     

Three‐Stream,Bicarbonate‐Based Hemodialysis Solution Delivery System Revisited: With an Emphasis on Some Aspects of Acid‐Base Principles

Hemodialysis patients can acquire buffer base (i.e., bicarbonate and buffer base equivalents of certain organic anions) from the acid and base concentrates of a three‐stream, dual‐concentrate, bicarbonate‐based, dialysis solution delivery machine. The differences between dialysis fluid concentrate systems containing acetic acid versus sodium diacetate in the amount of potential buffering power were reviewed. Any organic anion such as acetate, citrate, or lactate (unless when combined with hydrogen) delivered to the body has the potential of being converted to bicarbonate. The prescribing physician aware of the role that organic anions in the concentrates can play in providing buffering power to the final dialysis fluid, will have a better knowledge of the amount of bicarbonate and bicarbonate precursors delivered to the patient.     

关节镜下经髌腱入路空心拉力螺钉复位固定治疗胫骨髁间嵴撕脱骨折*

目的探讨在关节镜下经髌腱入路,利用空心拉力螺钉复位固定胫骨髁间嵴撕脱骨折(TEFx)的安全性和有效性。方法选取2014年1月-2015年12月23例TEFx的患者,均在关节镜下经髌腱入路,用空心拉力螺钉复位固定。术前Meyers-McKeever分型:Ⅱ型8例,Ⅲ型10例,Ⅳ型5例;男17例,女6例;年龄16～53岁,平均27.8岁。术前前抽屉试验、Lachman试验均阳性。比较术前术后的视觉模拟评分(VAS)、Lysholm、Tegner和国际膝关节文献委员会(IKDC)评分评价患侧膝关节功能。结果 23例患者均得到随访,随访时间30～40个月,平均36个月。术后即刻X线片示TEFx均复位良好,术后3个月骨折均愈合。无1例感染、关节僵硬、伸直受限、复位丢失及神经血管损伤等并发症。最终随访患侧膝关节活动度均恢复正常,前抽屉试验、Lachman试验均阴性。VAS评分术前(4.8±1.2)分,最终随访为(1.2±0.8)分,术前术后比较,差异有统计学意义(t=18.72,P=0.003);Lysholm评分术前为(50.8±6.2)分,最终随访为(90.8±5.4)分,术前术后比较,差异有统计学意义(t=-42.64,P=0.000);Tegner评分术前为(4.0±1.0)分,最终随访为(5.1±1.2)分,术前术后比较,差异有统计学意义(t=-16.82,P=0.005);IKDC主观评分术前为(52.5±7.4)分,最终随访为(91.5±5.7)分,术前术后比较,差异有统计学意义(t=-40.58,P=0.000)。结论膝关节镜下经髌腱入路空心拉力螺钉内固定治疗TEFx具有微创、操作简捷、固定可靠和恢复快的优点。     

Individualized 3D-printed templates for high-dose-rate interstitial multicathether brachytherapy in patients with breast cancer

Purpose

High-dose-rate, multicatheter interstitial brachytherapy is technically complex and operator-dependent, requiring lengthy training and specialized skills. Furthermore, until the advent of contouring on computerized tomography (CT) images, difficulties existed in locating the target volume precisely. The present article reports the results of a study that aimed at producing and validating a 3D-printed template to aid in target volume localization for multicatheter interstitial brachytherapy in patients with breast cancer.