不同截骨节段重建ⅢA型强直性脊柱后凸矢状面平衡的生物力学分析

背景:强直性脊柱后凸畸形的矫形技术已较为成熟,术者也可根据患者的弯曲类型、弯曲度数等选择不同的截骨术式,但由于缺少被广泛认可的分型系统,导致强直性脊柱后凸畸形的描述和手术策略制定都较为混乱。目的:应用计算机辅助软件建立强直性脊柱炎后凸截骨三维有限元模型,分析其生物力学特性。方法:获取1例301分型ⅢA型强直性脊柱后凸畸形患者的影像资料,建立强直性脊柱后凸畸形三维有限元模型,测量T12、L1、L2和L34个不同节段截骨角度,模拟去松质骨截骨术,对截骨矫形后的模型进行钉棒系统固定,分析其生物力学特性。结果与结论:①截骨节段越靠近尾端螺钉应力越大,螺钉应力分布大小的顺序为L3>L2>L1>T12,不同截骨节段的螺钉应力分布特点相同,都集中在截骨节段的相邻上/下2个节段的螺钉上,明显大于其他节段的螺钉应力;②钛棒的应力大小顺序为L2>L3>L1>T12;③截骨节段越靠近头端截骨接触面应力越大,截骨接触面应力大小顺序为T12>L1>L2>L3;④结果表明对于ⅢA型强直性脊柱后凸畸形,选择L2截骨节段可获得较佳的矫形程度、降低内固定应力分布集中导致的并发症发生。     

经椎弓根椎体截骨矫形不同植入物修复陈旧性胸腰椎骨折后凸畸形：矢状位后凸Cobb角评价

背景：陈旧性后凸畸形需要矫形手术来进行治疗,目前临床上多采用前路、后路及前后联合入路的手术方式进行陈旧性胸腰椎后凸畸形的矫正,但仍存在争议。目的：探索经椎弓根椎体截骨矫形置入椎弓根螺钉治疗陈旧性胸腰椎骨折后凸畸形,并以矢状位后凸Cobb角评价效果。方法：以四川省巴中市中心医院在2005年7月至2011年2月收治的26例陈旧性胸腰椎骨折后凸畸形患者作为研究对象,分为实验组和对照组,各13例。其中对照组患者采用前后路联合的手术方式进行治疗,而实验组患者则经椎弓根椎体截骨矫形进行治疗,对比观察两组患者疾病的治疗效果。结果与结论：与对照组相比,实验组患者手术时间短、术中出血量少,患者治疗后平均后凸Cobb角减小更为显著。且实验组患者治疗后神经功能改善好转率高于对照组,而并发症发生率低于对照组。提示经椎弓根椎体截骨矫形治疗陈旧性胸腰椎骨折后凸畸形,其治疗效果显著,值得在临床上进一步推广和使用。     

病变治愈型脊柱结核脊柱后凸畸形及脊髓压迫的外科治疗

[目的]探讨胸腰段病变治愈型脊柱结核合并脊柱后凸畸形及脊髓压迫的外科治疗方法。[方法]对17例胸腰段病变治愈型脊柱结核分别采用单纯后路植骨融合3例，后路椎弓根螺丝钉固定及后路植骨融合术8例，椎体侧前方椎管减压6例，其中行单纯椎体侧方植骨融合术3例，辅以椎体侧方钢板内固定3例。[结果]术后随访时间9个月～7a6个月，平均4．2a。后路植骨平均骨融合时间为2．8个月，椎体侧方植骨平均骨性融合时间为3．3个月，椎管侧前方减压6例中1例神经根刺激症状完全消失，3例大部分改善，2例症状加重并伴单侧下肢肌力1～2级减退。[结论]胸腰段病变治愈型脊柱结核合并脊柱后凸畸形临床上有时并不合并严重的脊髓压迫症状，外科治疗目的在于防止脊柱后凸畸形进一步加重及避免继发性截瘫，而过分强调椎管完全减压及脊柱后凸畸形矫正会导致严重的脊髓功能受损。     

Surgical Treatment of Severe Angular Kyphosis

Five patients 10-21 years old were treated for severe angular kyphosis, ranging from 61 to 133 degrees, by a three-stage procedure: 1. distraction in a halo-pelvic apparatus, 2. anterior decompression and/or fusion and 3. posterior fusion with Harrington compression rods. An average correction of 68% and a good cosmetic result were obtained. A solid fusion was achieved in all patients. There were no neurological complications. A 12-year-old girl gained 20 cm in height and the spinal kyphosis was reduced from 133 to 27 degrees.     

绝经期女性胸腰椎后凸与椎体压缩骨折相关性分析

目的探讨绝经期女性骨质疏松骨折的临床特点,以及胸腰段脊柱力线对骨折发生的风险分析。方法本研究为病例对照研究,收集自2013年1月至2015年6月因骨质疏松性压缩骨折在北京积水潭医院住院,并行椎体成形术的绝经期女性患者396例(研究组),平均年龄64岁(55~72岁);对照组选取因下腰椎退行性疾病住院手术的患者271例,平均年龄62岁(55~84岁)。记录所有患者入院时的年龄、体质量指数(BMI)、骨密度定量CT(QCT)、骨折椎体。利用站立位X线影像测量胸腰段(T11~L2)矢状位和冠状位的Cobb角。利用患者胸腰段椎体的平均Cobb角,修订并推算骨折前患者T11~L2的矢状位和冠状位Cobb角。分析胸腰段骨质疏松性骨折的临床点和危险因素。结果研究组患者中,T11椎体骨折患者69例(19.6%),T12椎体骨折153例(43.5%),L1椎体骨折174例(49.4%),L2椎体骨折70例(19.9%)。研究组和对照组患者的年龄和BMI差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。研究组患者修订后的胸腰段矢状位Cobb角为(13.6°±7.6°),对照组为(5.9°±6.0°),两组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。研究组患者修订后胸腰段冠状位Cobb角为(0.4°±4.0°),对照组为(0.1°±4.1°),两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。使用ROC曲线和尤登指数计算胸腰段矢状位Cobb角,对于胸腰椎骨质疏松性骨折的最佳分界值为7.5°,OR值为7.6(95%可信区间为2.5~22.8)。结论胸腰段矢状位后凸会增加骨质疏松性骨折的风险,后凸Cobb角度>7.5°时,骨折风险增加7倍,但冠状位的侧弯不增加骨折的风险。     

后路经椎间隙截骨矫形治疗胸腰椎陈旧性骨折并后凸畸形

目的探讨后路经椎间隙截骨矫形治疗胸腰椎陈旧性骨折并后凸畸形的疗效。方法对27例胸腰椎陈旧性骨折并后凸畸形患者经椎间隙截骨矫形椎弓根螺钉固定治疗。结果 27例均获得随访,时间12~25个月。Cobb角:术前21°~49°(39.5°±5.5°),术后3°~8°(4.5°±1.3°),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。无假关节形成、内固定松动断裂、矫形丢失等并发症。术后神经功能情况:1例B级恢复到C级;2例C级恢复到D级;14例D级中7例恢复到E级,7例无恢复;10例E级仍为E级。结论后路经椎间隙截骨矫形治疗胸腰椎陈旧性骨折并后凸畸形方法较为简便,并发症少,效果可靠。     

超声骨刀在退变性脊柱后凸截骨中的应用

目的：探讨超声骨刀在退变性脊柱后凸截骨术中的有效性和安全性。方法：回顾性分析2014年2月至2016年5月收治的32例退变性脊柱后凸患者临床资料,其中男12例,女20例;年龄50~71（62.1±12.3）岁;术前Cobb角25.3°~36.7°,平均（28.6±10.2）°。32例患者均使用多节段Ponte截骨联合后路长节段内固定术,根据术中截骨工具不同分为传统工具组（A组,18例）和超声骨刀组（B组,14例）。记录手术时间、术中平均椎板切除时间、截骨节段数、术中出血量、术后引流量、住院时间及并发症情况。术前及术后1个月采用视觉模拟评分（VAS）和Oswestry功能障碍指数（ODI）评价临床疗效。结果：32例患者均获随访,时间8~24个月,平均16.4个月。两组患者手术时间、住院时间比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。术中平均单椎板切除时间A组多于B组（P<0.05）;截骨节段数A组少于B组（P<0.05）;术中出血量及术后引流量A组均多于B组（P<0.05）。两组术后VAS和ODI比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。两组患者均无硬脊膜、神经及脊髓损伤,无器械操作不当及截骨不愈合等并发症。结论：应用超声骨刀进行Ponte截骨安全有效,在减少术中出血量及术后引流量的同时,能有效节省单椎板切除时间,且安全性、临床疗效不亚于传统工具。     

Early posterior spinal canal decompression and circumferential reconstruction of rotationally unstable thoracolumbar burst fractures with neurological deficit

Background Among the various treatments of neurologically involved unstable thoracolumbar burst fractures, the combination of anterior and posterior instrumentation provides the most stable reconstruction. However, the use of both approaches on a trauma patient may increase the morbidity. This study is a retrospective matched cohort study to evaluate the advantages of a single stage posterior approach for spinal canal decompression in combination with circumferential reconstruction by comparing the clinical and radiographic results.

Methods From March 2005 to September 2009, patients with matched type spinal fracture, ages at surgery, and involved levels in our institute underwent either a single stage posterior approach (group one, n=12) or traditional combined approach (group two, n=14) for spinal canal decompression and circumferential reconstruction were reviewed. Pre- and post-operative X-ray films were reviewed and changes in Cobb angle of thoracolumbar spine were documented. Intra-operative, post-operative, and general complications were registered.

Results The mean follow-up was (27.7±9.6) months (range, 14 to 56 months) in group one and (29.2±7.4) months (range, 20 to 60 months) in group two (P >0.05). The mean operation time was 214 minutes (range, 186–327 minutes) in group one and 284 minutes (range, 219–423 minutes) in group two (P <0.05). The average volume of intraoperative blood loss was 1856 ml (range, 1250–3480 ml) in group one and 2453 ml (range, 1600–3680 ml) in group two (P <0.05). There was no statistical difference between the groups one and two in average vertebral body height loss at the injured level and the average Cobb angle in sagittal plane before and immediately after surgery. Postoperatively, there was an epidural hematoma in one patient in group one and two patients in group two. Bony union after stabilization was obtained in all patients, without loosening or breakage of screws. Loss of correction (5°) was seen in 1 patient in group one at the 6th month owing to the subsidence of the Titanium mesh cages into the vertebra. In group two, totally four patients suffered respiratory-related complication, including pneumonia in two, severe atelectasis in one and pleural effusions in one. Importantly, there were no intraoperative or postoperative deaths in any group. All patients with incomplete neurologic deficits improved at least 1 Frankel grade.

Conclusion Single-stage posterior vertebra resection in combination with circumferential reconstruction is a new option to manage severe thoracolumbar burst fractures.

     

Use of the Universal Clamp in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis for deformity correction and as an adjunct to fusion: 2-year follow-up

Purpose  

Among posterior surgical techniques for treating adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), hybrid constructs with pedicle-screw fixation in the lumbar spine and other anchors in the thoracic spine have been reported to provide to be of more physiological value in postoperative thoracic kyphosis than all-screw constructs. The Universial Clamp (UC) equipped with a soft sublaminar band is a relatively new thoracic anchor that can be used in hybrid constructs. A dedicated reduction tool that applies traction to the sublaminar band permits gentle translation of the thoracic curve to the precontoured fusion rods, which have been previously anchored distally by pedicle screws and proximally by hooks in a claw configuration. The aim of this study was to evaluate radiographic results of AIS treatment using UC hybrid constructs.     

特发性颈椎后凸畸形的手术治疗

目的探讨颈前路撑开的矫形方式治疗特发性颈椎后凸畸形的可行性和疗效。方法对12例特发性颈椎后凸畸形患者均采用颈前路椎间盘切除减压、椎间隙植骨融合和前路钛板内固定治疗,其中男性5例,女性7例;年龄18～34岁,平均24.3岁。5例难复性患者术前先行颅骨牵引适当行颈部软组织松解,术中给予颈椎过伸位牵引以帮助恢复正常的颈椎生理曲度。结果手术后患者临床症状、体征明显改善,颈椎后凸畸形矫正效果明显;术后随访表明颈椎矫正度数在随访中没有明显丢失,内固定位置良好无松动。所有患者均未发生与手术有关的并发症。结论颈椎前路手术通过延长颈椎前柱,可矫正颈椎的后凸畸形,明显改善临床症状和体征,是治疗特发性颈椎后凸畸形的可行方法。