冲洗引流对食管贲门癌术后胸内吻合口瘘患者预后的影响

目的 观察氯霉素液冲洗引流对食管癌和贲门癌切除术后胸内吻合口瘘患者预后的影响.方法 将38例胸内吻合口瘘患者随机分为两组,其中治疗组20例,用生理盐水加入庆大霉素冲洗瘘口,口服氯霉素液从胸腔引流管冲洗胸腔;对照组18例,每日仅用生理盐水加入庆大霉素从胸腔引流管冲洗胸腔.观察两组患者血象恢复正常时间、瘘口愈合时间及死亡率情况.结果 与对照组相比,治疗组血象恢复正常时间、瘘口愈合时间明显缩短,死亡率明显降低,两组比较具有统计学差异（P〈0.05）.结论 用生理盐水加入庆大霉素冲洗配合口服氯霉素液冲洗瘘口,可减少感染程度,促进瘘口愈合,降低死亡率,疗效优于常规治疗.     

尾部悬吊大鼠胸主动脉、肺动脉超微结构变化的动态观察

目的观察模拟微重力时大小循环动脉血管超微结构重塑随时间变化的差异,为微重力后立位耐力降低的机制研究积累资料。方法用透射电镜观察-30°尾部悬吊7d(TS7组)、14d(TS14组)及对照组大鼠胸主动脉、肺动脉壁超微结构的变化。结果TS7组胸主动脉内皮细胞表面出现绒毛状突起,部分线粒体空泡变性,内皮下基膜有分层,内弹力板较厚,且厚度不均匀,内弹力板下出现大量的胶原纤维;TS14组胸主动脉内皮细胞变性较明显,部分内皮细胞基质致密化,基膜复层化,内弹力板有破碎,弹力纤维增多。TS7组肺动脉部分内皮细胞突起,细胞内出现脂滴,内皮细胞基膜出现分层状改变,弹力板变薄、断裂,其下方可见收缩型平滑肌及合成型平滑肌细胞;TS14组肺动脉内皮细胞空泡变性较明显,内弹力板未见明显改变,弹力板内外均可见较多的胶原纤维和弹力纤维,内弹力板下方以收缩型平滑肌为主。结论TS7组大鼠胸主动脉和肺动脉出现损伤和增殖并存,以肺动脉较明显;TS14组肺动脉趋于形成新的稳定结构,而胸主动脉新稳定结构还未形成。模拟微重力时大小循环血管发生了结构重塑,大小循环血管重塑的时间过程不同归因于模拟微重力初期由下体转移而来的体液进入大小循环高峰期的时间差。     

后路全脊椎切除截骨联合阶梯矫形治疗僵硬性角状后凸：生物力学分析

背景：严重脊柱角状后凸畸形可导致患者脊髓的损伤和早期退变等病理过程的加重,严重者会出现双下肢不完全瘫痪,甚至完全瘫痪。手术治疗是惟一的解决途径和方法,但难度大,风险高,并且极易出现术后并发症。目的：应用生物力学原理分析经后路全脊椎切除截骨联合阶梯矫形治疗僵硬性角状后凸的科学性和有效性。方法：选择严重脊柱角状后凸畸形经后路全脊椎切除截骨联合双侧钉棒梯次紧凑闭合脊髓逐步短缩、矫形内固定治疗的患者共90例,男37例,女52例,平均年龄47岁。对患者术前术后的后凸角、脊柱矢状位失平衡、躯干侧方偏移率、手术时间、术中失血量进行对比分析。结果与结论：患者术前后凸角为31°-138°,平均90.1°;术后10°-90°,平均41.6°,改善率为65%。C 7铅垂线距S 1后上缘距离术后平均5.2 mm,矫正率为73%。术中失血量为1200-6000 mL,平均失血量为2089 mL。手术时间为212-470 min,平均326 min。术后随访20-35个月,所有患者的截骨节段均获得骨性融合,无脊髓损伤并发症出现,无矫形角度丢失。提示根据细胞生物力学特点和脊柱生物力学原理设计的双侧钉棒联合阶梯紧凑闭合脊髓逐步短缩脊柱矫形治疗在胸腰椎角状后凸畸形的矫正过程中能够最大限度保护脊髓细胞不受损伤,具有充分的细胞生理学基础,符合人体生物力学和生理学特点。术中应注意对神经根的保护和松解,避免术后出现相对应的神经根刺激症状。充分的植骨融合是保证对后凸畸形矫正和避免脊柱侧方偏移,同时又是恢复脊柱功能和术后矫形效果的有效保障。     

The PARTNER 3 Bicuspid Registry for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in Low-Surgical-Risk Patients

ObjectivesThe study compared 1-year outcomes between transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) patients with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) morphology and clinically similar patients having tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) morphology.BackgroundThere are limited prospective data on TAVR using the SAPIEN 3 device in low-surgical-risk patients with severe, symptomatic aortic stenosis and bicuspid anatomy.MethodsLow-risk, severe aortic stenosis patients with BAV were candidates for the PARTNER 3 (Placement of Aortic Transcatheter Valves 3) (P3) bicuspid registry or the P3 bicuspid continued access protocol. Patients treated in these registries were pooled and propensity score matched to TAV patients from the P3 randomized TAVR trial. Outcomes were compared between groups. The primary endpoint was the 1-year composite rate of death, stroke, and cardiovascular rehospitalization.ResultsOf 320 total submitted BAV patients, 169 (53%) were treated, and most were Sievers type 1. The remaining 151 patients were excluded caused by anatomic or clinical criteria. Propensity score matching with the P3 TAVR cohort (496 patients) yielded 148 pairs. There were no differences in baseline clinical characteristics; however, BAV patients had larger annuli and they experienced longer procedure duration. There was no difference in the primary endpoint between BAV and TAV (10.9% vs 10.2%; P = 0.80) or in the rates of the individual components (death: 0.7% vs 1.4%; P = 0.58; stroke: 2.1% vs 2.0%; P = 0.99; cardiovascular rehospitalization: 9.6% vs 9.5%; P = 0.96).ConclusionsAmong highly select bicuspid aortic stenosis low-surgical-risk patients without extensive raphe or subannular calcification, TAVR with the SAPIEN 3 valve demonstrated similar outcomes to a matched cohort of patients with tricuspid aortic stenosis.     

Epstein-Barr Virus–Related Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorders in Cystic Fibrosis Lung Transplant Recipients: A Case Series

Background

Solid organ transplantation is associated with a higher risk of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)–related lymphoproliferative disease due to immunosuppressive regimen. Little evidence is currently available on post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLDs) in the lung transplant (LuTx) setting, particularly in cystic fibrosis (CF) recipients.

常规肺功能与心肺运动功能检测在胸外科领域的应用

近年来,支气管肺癌的发病率正迅速增长,已位居我国城市居民恶性肿瘤发病率之首。食管癌也是我国高发病种之一,故需要开胸手术的高龄患者逐年增多。由于开胸手术对患者心肺功能影响较大,故术后心肺并发症的风险明显高于其他部位的手术患者,尤其在高龄和术前合并有心肺疾病的患者更是如此。为提高开胸手术的安全性和降低术后心肺并发症的危险性,术前详尽的心肺功能评估日益重要。我们就胸外科领域中常规肺功能与心肺运动功能检测的应用进展进行综述。     

Does Tweeting Improve Citations? One-Year Results From the TSSMN Prospective Randomized Trial

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Digital thoracic drainage: a new system to monitor air leaks in pediatric population

Introduction

New digital thoracic drainage systems allow an objective measurement of air leakage. They have proven their usefulness in the postoperative thoracic surgery in adults, but there is little experience with its use in the pediatric population. The objective of our study is to analyze their safety and effectiveness in the postoperative period of the pediatric patients.

Switching from intravenous to oral antibiotics in hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia: A real-world analysis 2010–2018

The Japanese Respiratory Society 2017 guidelines strongly recommend switching from intravenous (IV) to oral antibiotics in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), following improvement in clinical symptoms and laboratory findings. Here, we retrospectively investigated the real-world, nationwide treatment and switching patterns for hospitalized patients with CAP in Japan using administrative data from 372 Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination hospitals from April 2010 to December 2018. Hospitalizations for CAP (patient age ≥20 years) with an A-DROP classification for CAP severity and IV antibiotics initiated on the admission date were included. Overall, 210,314 hospitalizations (moderate CAP: 61.7%) in 183,607 patients were analyzed. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) age at admission was 79 (70–86) years. Penicillin (51.9%) and cephalosporin (38.9%) were the most common IV antibiotic classes used and the median (IQR) duration of IV use was 8 (6–11) days. Switching to oral antibiotics during a hospitalization occurred in 30.1% (n = 63,311) of patients after a median (IQR) of 7 (5–10) days of IV treatment. The most frequently used oral antibiotic classes after a switch were fluoroquinolone (45.9%) and penicillin (24.8%). The switch rate was higher among hospitalizations with milder CAP, in respiratory medicine ward and in larger hospitals. The overall switch rates did not change over the study period. The findings from this analysis suggest that early switch from IV to oral antibiotics was not widely implemented during the 8 years of the study period. Further observation will be needed to see the potential impact of the guidelines update in 2017 in Japan.