食管癌切除术并发胸导管损伤的早期诊断及治疗

我院1990年至1993年共施行食管癌切除术160例，术中胸导管损伤5例，发生率为2．1％，5例中3例于术中发现并及时处理，未发生乳糜胸，另2例于术后并发乳糜胸才诊断，经早期剖胸手术治愈,本文介绍了食管癌切除术并发胸导管损伤的早期诊治体会。     

外科治疗III_A期N_2非小细胞肺癌的预后分析及临床意义

目的探讨影响IIIA期N2非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)预后的因素,并分析经手术治疗不同亚组病人的生存率差异。方法分析1997年1月至2000年1月146例手术治疗的IIIA期N2NSCLC病人的可能影响预后因素:病理类型、肿瘤位置、肿瘤大小、手术方式、临床N2情况,N2转移组数及个数、术后辅助治疗等,并用Kaplan-Meier曲线及Logrank检验生存率差异,Cox单因素、多因素分析各因素对生存率的影响。结果IIIA期N2NSCLC病人的3年和5年生存率分别为19.86%和14.56%。单因素分析示肿瘤位置、临床N2情况、N2转移组数及个数是影响生存率的因素;多因素分析示肿瘤大小、临床N2情况,N2转移组数和肿瘤位置影响预后。右肺下叶肿瘤单组或单个N2转移,预后最好。结论纵隔N2转移淋巴结的大小、个数和组数是影响术后生存率主要因素。手术前未发现N2转移(mN2),有1组N2转移(N2L1),N2转移数少于4个者手术治疗效果好。右肺下叶肿瘤发生单组N2淋巴结转移预后好。     

大剂量甲基强的松龙在胸椎管狭窄症围手术期应用的效果观察

目的:探讨大剂量甲基强的松龙(MP)在胸椎管狭窄症患者围手术期应用的效果。方法:84例胸椎管狭窄症患者均行椎板切除减压术,并将其分为2组,A组,围手术期应用大剂量MP组,36例,术中进椎管前静脉给予MP 30mg/kg,15min滴完;术后静脉应用MP(80mg/d)3d。B组,围手术期应用氟美松治疗组,48例,术后静脉应用氟美松(10mg/d)3d。比较两组患者手术前后的神经功能变化情况(JOA评分17分法),并对计量资料行t检验。结果:术前JOA评分A组为8.58±2.62分,B组为9.12±2.81分,两组间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。术后1周时A组为13.65±2.16分,B组为11.12±2.36分;术后3个月时A组为14.11±2.21分,B组为12.62±2.35分,两组间比较均有显著性差异(P<0.05)。B组有9例患者术后即刻出现神经功能障碍加重,而A组未出现类似病例。结论:围手术期应用大剂量MP对胸椎管狭窄症患者的脊髓功能有保护作用。     

后凸成形术结合体位复位治疗创伤性胸腰椎椎体骨折的临床观察

目的：观察在体位复位辅助下后凸成形术治疗创伤性胸腰椎椎体骨折的临床疗效。方法：37例新鲜单节段胸腰椎椎体骨折患者,男28例,女9例;年龄24～79岁,平均48岁。通过体位复位及Sky扩张器撑开复位后,经双侧椎弓根穿刺充填自固化磷酸钙人工骨（CPC）。根据Denis胸腰椎骨折的分型：压缩性骨折,B型27例,C型3例,D型5例;爆裂性骨折2例,均为B型。利用体位复位,经皮穿刺,Sky椎体成形器扩张椎体,注入可降解的自固化磷酸钙人工骨。根据术前和术后侧位X线片测量椎体高度、后凸畸形角度,并计算椎体高度丢失率和后凸畸形矫正率,记录分析视觉模拟评分（VAS）及伤椎形态变化。结果：术后随访9～24个月,平均13个月。术后伤椎处疼痛均显著缓解,VAS评分改变从术前平均（7.6±2.5）分降至术后平均（1.8±1.5）分,椎体前壁高度和中间高度明显恢复,后凸畸形得到矫正。随访期间疗效满意,伤椎高度无明显丢失。结论：在严格掌握适应证、选择合适病例的前提下,采用体位复位辅助下经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗创伤性胸腰椎椎体骨折,能迅速缓解疼痛,有效恢复椎体高度和矫正后凸畸形。     

18氟-胸腺嘧啶核苷正电子发射体层-CT显像在胸部肿瘤上的初步研究

目的：评价^18氟-胸腺嘧啶核苷（^18F-FLT）正电子发射体层（PET）-CT显像对胸部肿瘤定性诊断的价值。方法：对17例做了^18氟-脱氧葡萄糖（^18F-FDG）PET-CT检查，但定性诊断困难的患者，在第2～3天进行了^18F-FLITPET-CT显像。分析病变在两种不同显像剂PET-CT上的表现，分别测量二者的最大标准摄取值（maxSUV）。结果：8例恶性病变（5例肺癌、1例纵隔淋巴瘤、1例胸椎恶性肿瘤、1例胸椎转移瘤），其中7例见FLT异常摄取，5例肺癌平均maxSUV为4．2（鳞癌2例、腺癌2例、肺泡癌1例）；9例良性病变（5例肺结核、1例肺炎、3例纵隔淋巴结结核）无或轻度摄取FLT，其中6例肺内良性病变平均maxSUV为1．6；9例良性病变中8例见FDG异常浓聚，其中6例肺内良性病灶平均maxSUV为3．9，3例纵隔淋巴结结核也见FDG明显摄取，平均maxSUV为11．0。11例肺内病灶FDG和FLT显像的敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为100．0％（5／5）、16．7％（1／6）、54．5％（6／11）和80．0％（4／5）、66．7％（4／6）、72．7％（8／11）。结论：胸部肿瘤^18F-FLT显像的特异性较高，在^18F-FDG显像阳性，难以确定病变性质时，FLIT可以作为FDG的有益补充，二者联合显像有助于提高胸部肿瘤诊断的准确性。     

Thoracic aortic disease: Spectrum of multidetector computed tomography imaging findings

The clinical presentation of diseases involving the thoracic aorta ranges from a large number of asymptomatic patients with clinically undetectable thoracic aortic aneurysm to patients with symptoms of severe chest pain as a result of acute aortic dissection. Thoracic aortic disease often remains undiagnosed until a life-threatening complication occurs or the disease is discovered serendipitously on imaging studies performed for other purposes. Multidetector row computed tomography (MDCT) imaging of the aorta is used to diagnose various acute and chronic conditions, including aortic aneurysms, aortic dissection, intramural hematoma, penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer, traumatic injury, rupture, inflammatory disorders, and congenital malformations. This review illustrates the wide range of MDCT imaging findings of thoracic aortic disease.     

火器伤后胸心异物存留

目的：探讨火器伤后胸心异物存留摘除的指征、时机、方法及结果。方法：回顾性分析了３９例火器伤后胸心异物存留摘除者的一般资料、临床表现、不同处理方法的选择及效果。结果：１９例患者早期因凝固性血胸及肺持续漏气伴异物存留或异物存留伴胸腔及心包腔化脓性感染，在开胸清创时做了异物摘除；另２０例患者为胸伤伤情恢复后单纯异物存留，因异物位于肺门、心脏及大血管旁或远期并发症等，而后期开胸异物摘除。结论：火器性胸部穿透伤后，因异物本身或其他原因所致早期并发症者，应在开胸清创的同时摘除异物；胸伤伤情恢复而单纯胸心异物存留，应选择性摘除或因并发远期并发症而摘除。     

The Use of Stent Grafts for the Treatment of Aneurysms and Dissections of the Thoracic Aorta: A Single Centre Experience

OBJECTIVE: To review the results of stent graft treatment for diseases of the thoracic aorta. DESIGN: A retrospective study of the results of thoracic stent graft procedures in a single centre. METHODS: The results of 30 procedures performed in 24 patients were analysed. Eleven patients had aneurysmal dilatation of the descending thoracic aorta (>5.5 cm), nine patients had complicated type B dissection, three had penetrating ulcers and one had a traumatic pseudoaneurysm. Imaging follow-up consisted of CT scans performed at one, three, six and 12 months following the procedure and annually thereafter. RESULTS: One technical failure occurred due to a ruptured external iliac artery. There were no other immediate failures. The primary technical success rate was 83%. The 30-day procedural and patient mortality rates were 7 and 8%, respectively. No neurological complications occurred. Seven patients had the subclavian artery covered without complications. Secondary intervention was required in 21%. During the follow-up period (mean 11 months, range 1-48 months.) there were five deaths, two of which were related to stent graft infection. CONCLUSION: Thoracic stent grafts offer a realistic alternative to surgery.     

Variability of thoracic impedance cardiograms in man

The variability of thoracic impedance cardiogram signals was studied in a normal population with the objective of determining the effect of different respiratory manoeuvres and the optimal criteria for acquisition of this type of physiological signal. The variability of the first derivative of the thoracic impedance signal (dZ/dt) was determined at each 5ms intervals along the signal as the ensemble confidence limits of 3% and 97% around the coherent average. The results obtained indicate that: (a) signal variability is minimum during respiratory apnea (p<0.05) as compared with apneusis or normal respiration, (b) signal patterns are different during apnea and apneusis, and (c) during normal respiration the cardiac component of the thoracic impedance signal can be extracted from the respiratory noise by coherent average yielding a signal with the same pattern obtained during apnea.