Psychiatric patients and their response to experimental stress

Serum levels of Epinephrine (E), norepinephrine (NE), heart rate (HR), skin conductance reaction (SCR) and skin conductance level (SCL) were measured in schizophrenic, endogenous depressed and anxiety patients as well as in normal controls. Conditions were rest, noise and a mental arithmetic (MA) task. Schizophrenic and depressed patients had an attenuated HR response to MA. Moreover, Schizophrenic patients also had higher NE base level and the highest NE secretion during noise. Anxiety and depressed patients showed significantly lower phasic electrodermal activity (SCR) throughout the whole trial, exclusively anxiety patients had significantly higher tonic electrodermal activity (SCL). These findings indicate that autonomous reactions discriminate between patient groups and controls as well as between each other.     

Safety and reliability of external fixation for basicervical and intertrochanteric fractures in high-risk elderly patients

Forty elderly patients with basicervical and pertrochanteric fractures were managed with uniplanar AO external fixator under regional anaesthetic block of the femoral nerve and lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh from April 2003 to March 2006. The mean age of the patients was 67.9 ± 5.5 years. External fixator application was performed under radiological control after closed reduction had been obtained. Comorbid factors, duration of surgery, duration of hospitalisation, complications, walking ability, time to union and mortality rate were recorded. Patients were followed up for a mean period of 12 ± 4.5 months. Superficial pin tract infection occurred in 13 patients, healing in varus >10° and with shortening >2 cm occurred in six patients, and one patient suffered a spontaneous ipsilateral femoral neck fracture after removal of the fixator. The mean time for union was 10.4 ± 1.2 weeks. Rapid union rate and minor complications obtained in the present study are comparable to those obtained with standard internal fixation techniques. Minimal intraoperative blood loss, short operative time and early patient mobilisation are advantages signifying uniplanar external fixator application under regional anaesthetic block to be a viable option in treatment of basicervical and pertrochanteric fractures in high-risk elderly patients.     

瘦素、C-反应蛋白与老年急性冠脉综合征患者的相关研究

目的探讨急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者血浆瘦素(LP)及C-反应蛋白(CRP)水平的变化及其临床意义。方法测定急性心肌梗死组(AMI组)、不稳定型心绞痛组(UA组)、对照组(健康体检者)血浆LP及CRP浓度,分析LP、CRP与病情严重程度的关系以及LP与CRP的相关性。结果AMI组、UA组患者血浆LP、CRP浓度较对照组显著升高(P<0.01),2组患者血浆LP与CRP浓度之间均呈显著正相关;AMI组血浆LP、CRP浓度比UA组明显升高(P<0.05)。结论血浆LP及CRP浓度与ACS病情严重性呈正相关,且LP与CRP浓度呈正相关。说明LP与CRP共同参与组织炎症反应,是ACS重要的危险因素及预测因子。     

瑞芬太尼对老年患者麻醉诱导时血流动力学的影响

［摘要］目的观察瑞芬太尼全麻诱导对老年患者血流动力学的影响。方法60例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级老年患者随机分成3组，F组、R1组和R2组，每组20例。F组静脉诱导用药：咪达唑仑0.05 mg·kg-1，芬太尼3 μg·kg-1，丙泊酚1 mg·kg-1，待入睡后注入维库溴铵0.1 mg·kg-1气管插管；R1组用瑞芬太尼1 μg·kg-1代替芬太尼；R2组用瑞芬太尼1.5 μg·kg-1代替芬太尼。观察诱导时血压、心率的变化，同时记录使用阿托品和麻黄碱情况。结果R2组最低血压（MAP1 ）、最高血压（MAP2）明显低于其他两组(P＜0.05＝； R2组 最低心率（HR1）、最高心率（HR2）明显低于F组(P＜0.05＝。结论瑞芬太尼可以用于老年患者的全麻诱导，但在诱导时要密切注意血流动力学变化。     

PICC的X线分析

目的:旨在探索PICC末端位置的合理区间。方法:观察79例患者PICC末端位置、置管后的近、远期临床表现以及100例正常胸片肺门位置。结果:导管末端位于第一前肋端至右肺门上方时,少有不良反应。结论:导管末端位置以第一前肋端至右肺门上方为宜。     

清代名医的医德（二）

用生动事例介绍清代名医的医德，以供后人效法和学习。     

Effectiveness of a hospital-wide selective screening programme for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriers at hospital admission to prevent hospital-acquired MRSA infections

Screening of potential MRSA-positive patients at hospital admission is recommended in German and international guidelines. This policy has been shown to be effective in reducing the frequency of nosocomial MRSA transmissions in the event of an outbreak, but the influence of screening on reducing hospital-acquired MRSA infections in a hospital setting where MRSA is endemic is not yet well-documented. This study describes the effect of hospital-wide screening of defined risk groups in a 700-bed acute care hospital during a period of 19 months. In a cohort study with a 19-month control period, the frequencies of hospital-acquired MRSA infections were compared with and without screening. In the control period, there were 119 MRSA-positive patients, of whom 48 had a hospital-acquired MRSA infection. On the basis of this frequency, a predicted total of 73.2 hospital-acquired MRSA infections was calculated for the screening period, but only 52% of the expected number (38 hospital-acquired MRSA infections) were observed, i.e., 48% of the predicted number of hospital-acquired MRSA infections were prevented by the screening programme. The screening programme was performed with minimal effort and can therefore be recommended as an effective measure to help prevent hospital-acquired MRSA infections.     

第2足趾腓侧皮瓣移植的应用解剖及在手部皮肤缺损中的应用

目的探讨第2足趾腓侧皮瓣移植的应用解剖及临床应用的适应证、手术方法和优缺点等。方法新鲜成人尸体足左、右各10只,经灌注、解剖、测量,了解皮瓣的血供范围和相关血管、神经的外径。临床应用17例修复手部皮肤缺损,了解皮瓣的成活及功能恢复情况。结果灌注剂可达整个第2足趾及相邻趾蹼,测得第2足趾跖趾关节处腓侧固有动脉、趾背静脉分别为(1.0±0.2)mm、(0.9±0.2)mm;临床应用17例移植皮瓣全部成活,手、足部均无感染。经半年以上随访,被修复手指外观、颜色接近正常,供足无疼痛和植皮破溃现象发生。结论第2足趾腓侧皮瓣血供可靠,口径适于吻合,质地好,适于手指皮肤确实的修复。     

精神病人与正常人戒烟前后焦虑抑郁症状的对照研究

目的　了解精神病人和正常人戒烟前后精神状况的变化及差异性 ,探讨戒烟措施。方法　对 71例精神病人和 5 0例正常人戒烟前及戒烟后 1周分别应用汉密顿焦虑量表 (HAMA)、汉密顿抑郁量表 (HAMD)、焦虑自评量表 (SAS)、抑郁自评量表 (SDS)、简明精神病量表 (BPRS )进行测评。结果　精神病人强制性戒烟前HAMA、HAMD、SAS、SDS、BPRS分值分别为 (8.2 1± 6 .4 1)、(7.6 4± 5 .71)、(36 .81± 7.14 )、(33.71± 7.1)、(2 9.4 5± 8.4 7) ;戒烟后HAMA、HAMD、SAS、SDS、BPRS分值分别为 (16 .4 5± 6 .34)、(19.73± 8.71)、(5 8.1± 12 .12 )、(5 6 .31± 11.4 )、(37.32± 7.95 ) ;戒烟前后 5种量表分值变化与正常人戒烟前后分值变化比较有极显著性差异(P <0 .0 1)。结论　对精神病人强制性戒烟可引起明显的情绪反应 ,应适宜控制病人吸烟 ,建立一个合理的管理制度     

改良泪道探通术治疗新生儿泪囊炎

新牛儿泪囊是婴幼儿常见病，作者应用自制的泪道探通冲洗针对28例新生儿泪囊炎进行了泪道探通冲洗治疗观察．疗效满意．报告如下。