二阶导数光谱法测定电光灵滴眼剂中盐酸丁卡因含量

目的　测定电光灵滴眼剂中盐酸丁卡因含量。方法　采用二阶导数光谱法 :波长范围 2 0 0～ 380nm ,狭缝 2nm ,Δλ =4nm ,2 30nm与 2 5 0nm振幅值范围 - 0 .2 5～ +0 .2 5。结果　盐酸丁卡因浓度在 10～ 5 0 μg·ml-1范围内 ,浓度与振幅值线性关系良好 ,回归方程为A =0 .0 0 176C +0 .0 0 2 ,相关系数r =0 .9999,平均回收率为 10 1.4 % ,RSD =0 .83%。结论　本测定方法简单 ,结果准确 ,速度快     

Comparative Efficacy of 2 Topical Anesthetics for the Placement of Orthodontic Temporary Anchorage Devices

This study compared the effectiveness of topical benzocaine 20% versus a combination of lidocaine, tetracaine, and phenylephrine in providing sufficient analgesia for the placement of orthodontic temporary anchorage devices (TADs). The 2 topical anesthetics were tested against each other bilaterally using a randomized, double-blind, crossover design. The agents were left in place for the amount of time prescribed by the manufacturer. The TAD was then placed, and each subject rated the degree of pain on a Heft-Parker visual analogue scale. A pulse oximeter was used to record the preoperative and postoperative pulse rates. Statistically significant differences in perceived pain (P < .05) and success rate (P < .01) between drugs were seen, but no significant difference in pulse rate change between the topical anesthetics was observed (P > .05). It was concluded that when the efficacy of topical benzocaine and of a combination product was compared as the sole anesthetic to facilitate acceptable pain control for placement of orthodontic temporary anchorage devices, the combination product was considerably more efficacious.     

米索前列醇合并盐酸丁卡因胶浆用于人工流产术中临床效果观察

目的：探讨人工流产术前松弛宫颈的最好的用药方法,减轻疼痛程度,减少药物副反应。方法：选择600例自愿要求行人工流产手术、无手术禁忌的早孕妇女、年龄在20～40岁,随机分成A、B、C三组,A组于人工流产术前1h舌下含服米索前列醇100μg,吸宫前2min于宫颈管内注入盐酸丁卡因胶浆1支;B组于术前4h口服米索前列醇400μg;C组于术前4h阴道后穹隆放置米索前列醇400μg,放置后平卧30min。结果：三组对比宫颈松弛度、术中镇痛效果差异无统计学意义,P〉0.05,但A组扩张宫颈显效率、无痛率明显高于B、C两组,差异有统计学意义,P〈0.005。A组用药后药物副反应明显低于B、C两组,差异有统计学意义,P〈0.005。结论：小剂量米索前列醇联合丁卡因胶浆用于人工流产术前宫颈松弛度高、镇痛效果好,副反应明显减少,适合在基层使用。     

盐酸丁卡因注射液稳定性分析

目的通过对不同工艺配制的盐酸丁卡因注射液的长期考察,遴选药品稳定性较高的配制工艺。方法配制7种pH盐酸丁卡因的溶液,采取2种灭菌方式,配合2种储存条件进行注射液含量的长期考察。结果配制盐酸丁卡因注射液pH控制在4.2-4.6之间,灭菌温度为115℃25min即可,两种储存条件均可。结论满足以上3种条件后,盐酸丁卡因注射液的稳定性有长足的提高,可以延长药品的有效期。     

Behavioral pharmacology of local anesthetics: Reinforcing and discriminative stimulus effects

The reinforcing properties of several short-acting esteratic local anesthetics were determined in rhesus monkeys experienced in the IV self-administration of cocaine. In addition, the discriminative stimulus properties of these and several other local anesthetics of both the ester and amide class were determined in rats trained to discriminate procaine from saline in a 2-lever operant task. IV delivery of chloroprocaine, dimethylprocaine or dimethocaine maintained responding above vehicle levels in most monkeys while propoxycaine, piperocaine and dimethylaminoethanol (Deanol) failed to maintain self-administration behavior. Thus some, but not all, short-acting esteratic local anesthetics are positive reinforcers in rhesus monkeys. In addition, it is unlikely that the reinforcing effects of dimethylprocaine are mediated by its metabolite dimethylaminoethanol. In rats, all local anesthetics tested except piperocaine and procainamide resulted in responding on the procaine-appropriate lever indicating procaine-like discriminative stimulus effects for these compounds. In addition, injections of d-amphetamine resulted in principally procaine lever responding. All local anesthetics that were self-administered by rhesus monkeys had discriminative stimulus effects in rats that were similar to those of procaine. However, not all local anesthetics that were procaine-like in rats were self-administered by rhesus monkeys. These data may represent a separation of these two stimulus properties for local anesthetics although other variables such as species differences may play a role.     

不同pH和浓度丁卡因溶液喉部表面麻醉效果临床观察

用不同pH和浓度的丁卡因溶液喉部表面麻醉临床观察150例。pH7.4浓度0.5％与pH4.8浓度分别为0.5％和2％丁卡因溶液进行了比较，其有效量前者为28.2±8.9mg，后两者分别为54.9±13.1和123.8±48.8mg；手术全程时间为17.5±6.2、28.4±8.3和23.4±10.3分钟；手术成功率为100％、80％和88％；前者手术前后心率升高不明显，提示副作用较小，后两者均有明显升高。结果表明，提高丁卡因溶液pH，使麻醉用量减少，效果加强，安全性提高，值得临床推广试用。     

盐酸丁卡因胶浆联合CO2激光治疗尖锐湿疣的疗效及安全性评估

目的观察盐酸丁卡因胶浆联合CO2激光治疗尖锐湿疣的疗效及安全性,为尖锐湿疣的治疗探索一条新途径。方法将82例尖锐湿疣患者分为对照组和观察组,每组41例,对照组采用CO2激光治疗,而观察组采用盐酸丁卡冈胶浆联合CO2激光治疗,观察比较两组的痊愈率、复发率以及不良反应发生情况。结果治疗结束时观察组的痊愈率为92．7％,明显高于对照组的70．7％,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;随访3～6个月后,观察组复发率为12．2％,明显低于对照组的46．3％,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;观察组不良反应发生率为9．8％,对照组为4．9％,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论盐酸丁卡因胶浆联合CO2激光治疗尖锐湿疣疗效显著且安全性好,明显降低了患者的复发率．可以作为治疗的首选用药方案之一。     

不同剂量的米索前列醇配伍盐酸丁卡因胶浆用于绝经后取环的临床观察

目的：探讨绝经后取器手术中舌下含服米索前列醇的用量,缩短手术时间,降低药物副作用,达到松弛宫颈,减轻疼痛程度的目的,避免因IUD取出带来的机械损伤。方法：采用400μg和200μg两种不同剂量的米索前列醇舌下含服配伍盐酸丁卡因胶浆用于绝经1年以上,放置金属单环20年以上的农村妇女,观察两组术中宫口松弛、术中疼痛、术前阴道出血、腹坠痛及取器效果的情况。结果：A组用药剂量小,其松弛宫颈、镇痛及取器效果效果与B组无差异,术前阴道出血、腹痛等副反应明显低于B组P＜0.01。结论：将米索前列醇计量减少到200μg合并盐酸丁卡因胶浆用于绝经后取环,达到了常规用量松弛宫颈、镇痛的作用,其药物副反应小,取器成功率略高于常规用量。     

环甲膜穿刺丁卡因表面麻醉在ICU患者气管插管中的应用

目的探讨环甲膜穿刺丁卡因表面麻醉在ICU患者气管插管中的可行性、安全性及有效性。方法纳入2009年11月至2010年2月四川大学华西医院中心ICU内41例需要气管插管的患者,随机分为环甲膜穿刺丁卡因表面麻醉组（丁卡因组）和对照组。记录基础生命体征,插管时、插管后1 min、5 min时血流动力学变化,低氧发生率,插管时间,插管成功率,插管后低血压发生率,全麻药物用量及相关并发症。结果丁卡因组气管插管时和插管后1 min的心率（HR）、平均动脉压（MAP）变化率及心率收缩压乘积（RPP）均显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）。两组患者插管成功率、低氧发生率无显著差异（P〉0.05）。丁卡因组诱导期间全麻药（异丙酚）用量、插管后低血压发生率、血管活性药物使用总量均明显小于对照组（P〈0.05）。丁卡因组所有病例环甲膜穿刺均一次性操作成功,穿刺时间不超过1 min,无一例出现局麻药过敏、中毒反应、皮下或纵隔积气、食道损伤和气胸等并发症,所有患者气管插管时无死亡。结论环甲膜穿刺丁卡因表面麻醉在ICU患者气管插管中可以减轻气管插管时患者血流动力学的波动,减少插管后低血压发生率,减少全麻药、血管活性药物的用量,是一种安全、有效、快速、简便易行和微创的操作方法,必要时可选择性使用。