取腱器配合腓肠肌筋膜瓣翻转术治疗跟腱断裂疗效观察

目的介绍利用取腱器切取腓肠肌筋膜瓣,翻转缝合断裂跟腱的临床效果。方法选取2008年1月~2012年12月我院跟腱断裂病人21例,男15例,女6例,平均年龄33.5岁,为剧烈运动后跟腱撕裂伤,均采用手术治疗。俯卧位,跟腱断裂部位纵行手术切口,马尾状撕裂部位梳理整齐后编织缝合,根据需要腱膜的长度于切口近端相应部位作纵行小切口,用取腱器取筋膜条,自皮下隧道牵出远端切口,翻转,光滑面朝后加固缝合断裂跟腱。术后长腿石膏固定4周,短腿石膏固定2周。结果 21例患者均获得术后随访,平均随访时间2.3年(1~5年)。根据Arner Lindholm评分标准,优16例,良4例,差1例,优良率95.2%。结论取腱器微创小切口下取腓肠肌腱膜方法具有小切口,创伤小,美观等优点,术后正规康复功能锻炼后临床效果良好。     

Kinaesthetic role of muscle afferents in man,studied by tendon vibration and microneurography

Summary The characteristics of vibration-induced illusory joint movements were studied in healthy human subjects. Unseen by the subject, constant frequency vibration trains applied to the distal tendon of the Triceps or Biceps induced an almost constant velocity illusory movement of the elbow whose direction corresponded to that of a joint rotation stretching the vibrated muscle. Vibration trains of the same duration and frequency applied alternatively to the Biceps and Triceps evoked alternating flexion-extension illusory movements.During successive application of vibration trains at frequencies from 10 to 120 Hz, the perceived velocity of the illusory movements increased progressively from 10 to 70–80 Hz, then decreased from 80 to 120 Hz. The maximal perceived velocity was three times higher during alternating vibration of the Biceps and Triceps than during single muscle stimulation.Unit activity from 15 muscle spindle primary endings and five secondary endings located in Tibialis anterior and Extensor digitorum longus muscles were recorded using microneurography in order to study their responses to tendon vibration and passive and active movements of the ankle.Primary endings were all activated by low amplitude tendon vibration (0.2–0.5 mm) previously used to induce illusory movements of the elbow. The discharge of some was phase-locked with the vibration cycle up to 120 Hz, while others responded one-to-one to the vibration cycle up to 30–50 Hz, then fired in a sub-harmonic manner at higher frequencies. Secondary endings were much less sensitive to low amplitude tendon vibration.Primary and secondary ending responses to ramp and sinusoïdal movements of the ankle joint were compared. During the movement, the primary ending discharge frequency was almost constant, while the secondary ending activity progressively increased. During ankle movements the primary ending discharge appeared mainly related to velocity, while some secondary activities seemed related to both movement velocity and joint angle position.Muscle spindle sensory ending responses to active and passive ankle movements stretching the receptor-bearing muscle (plantar flexion) were qualitatively and quantitatively similar. During passive reverse movements (dorsiflexion) most of the sensory endings stopped firing when their muscle shortened. Active muscle shortening (isotonic contraction) modulated differently the muscle spindle sensory ending discharge, which could stop completely, decrease or some times increase during active ankle dorsiflexion. During isometric contraction most of the muscle spindle sensory endings were activated.The characteristics of the vibration-induced illusory movements and the muscle spindle responses to tendon vibration and to active and passive joint movements strengthened the possibility of the contribution of primary endings to kinaesthesia, as suggested by several previous works. Moreover, the present results led us to attribute to proprioception in the muscle stretched during joint movement a predominant, but not exclusive, role in this kind of perception.     

桡侧腕短伸肌腱部分移位修复第一腕掌关节脱位的应用解剖与手术设计

目的:为桡侧腕短伸肌腱部分移位修复第一腕掌关节脱位提供解剖学依据。方法:30侧成人上肢标本,将桡侧腕短伸肌腱分为上、中、下3部分,进行形态学测量。结果:桡侧腕短伸肌腱长度为(15.3±1.9)cm(10～22.5cm),其宽度:上段为(15.4±5.2)mm(5.3～23.8mm),中段(10.0±3.0)mm(4.2～18.5mm),下段(5.5±0.6)mm(3.7～9.6mm);厚度:上段为(0.6±0.3)mm(0.1～1.4mm),中段为(1.8±0.7)mm(0.7～3.0mm),下段为(2.1±1.2)mm(0.8～3.1mm)。结论:桡侧腕短伸肌腱部分转位有足够的长度以修复第一腕掌关节脱位。     

Tensile load on the flexor digitorum profundus tendon during palmar and lateral blocking exercises: Influence on blocking force and distal interphalangeal joint flexion angle

Study DesignThis is a basic science research.IntroductionIsolating excursion of the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) in zones I and II is common practice in the current management after flexor tendon repair. During this procedure, the proximal interphalangeal joint is sometimes fully extended with unmeasured external forces at the middle phalanx when the distal interphalangeal joint is actively flexed.Purpose of the StudyThe purpose of the study was to investigate the incremental effect of external force with palmar blocking versus lateral blocking and increased angles of flexion on internal tendon forces at the repair site for a safer application of force by the treating therapist.MethodsEight human cadaveric fingers were studied. To simulate palmar or lateral finger blocking, a compression force of blocking was applied from 5N (510 grams) to 25N (2,550 grams) on the skin surface of the palmar or the lateral aspect of each of these middle phalanges in 5N increments. The tensile load on the FDP tendon during distal interphalangeal joint flexion from 0° to 60° was measured in 10° increments.ResultsDuring palmar blocking, the tensile load was significantly increased with increases in palmar blocking force. However, no significant increase in the tensile load on the FDP tendon was observed at any lateral blocking.DiscussionLateral blocking exercise can be performed with less tensile force on the FDP tendon when performing blocking exercise after flexor tendon injury repair.ConclusionsThis study supports the concept that lateral blocking with incremental joint angles allows a safer application of force for the healing tendon.     

手部屈指肌腱损伤的显微外科修复与功能康复

目的探讨手部指屈肌腱损伤的治疗方法和疗效.方法1994年至1999年间共收治82例115条指屈肌腱损伤,分析其病史后进行总结.其中男58例,女24例,年龄2岁～55岁,平均39岁.用改良Kessler法缝合,早期系统的康复治疗.结果按TAM法评定疗效,优38例,良36例,可5例,差3例,优良率91.4%.结论手部指屈肌肌腱损伤显微外科修复加系统的康复治疗,对预防肌腱粘连有重要意义.     

有限切开腱周内缝合法治疗新鲜闭合性跟腱断裂

目的探讨新鲜闭合性跟腱断裂有限切开腱周内缝合术的初步临床应用结果。方法对27例新鲜闭合性跟腱断裂患者采用有限切开腱周内缝合术修复跟腱。采用Amer-Lindholm疗效评定标准进行功能评价。结果平均随访32个月,无感染及跟腱再断裂,腓肠神经支配区皮肤感觉正常。功能评定：优23便（85．2％）,良4例（14．8％）。结论有限切开腱周内缝合法治疗新鲜闭合性跟腱断裂,能有效保护断端血运,创伤小,再断裂及感染机会少,功能恢复好,是治疗新鲜闭合性跟腱断裂的又一选择。     

Inertial Flywheel Resistance Training in Tendinopathy Rehabilitation: A Scoping Review

BackgroundInertial Flywheel Resistance Training (IFRT) has recently emerged as a beneficial rehabilitation option for some musculoskeletal disorders. Although the use of resistance training as treatment for tendinopathy has become widespread, it is unclear if IFRT has efficacy as a treatment option for tendinopathies.ObjectiveTo identify current evidence on IFRT in the treatment of tendinopathy, evaluating intervention parameters and outcomes.MethodsThis scoping review was reported in accordance with the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Databases searched included MEDLINE, CINAHL, AMED, EMBase, SPORTDiscus, Cochrane library (Controlled trials, Systematic reviews), and five trial registries. Two independent reviewers screened studies at title, abstract and full text. Following screening, data were extracted and charted, and presented as figures and tables alongside a narrative synthesis. Any study design conducted on adults, investigating the effects of IFRT for tendinopathy were included. Data were extracted on intervention parameters and outcomes of IFRT interventions.ResultsFour studies on patellar tendinopathy were included. A variety of outcomes were assessed, including pain, function, strength, power, and tendon morphological and mechanical properties, particularly changes in tendon thickness. IFRT intervention parameters were largely homogenously prescribed, with slight variances.ConclusionDespite a paucity of studies to date on the effects of IFRT for treating tendinopathy, preliminary evidence for beneficial effects of IFRT on clinical outcomes in patellar tendinopathy is encouraging. As IFRT is a relatively new and unexplored method in tendinopathy rehabilitation, definitive conclusions, and recommendations cannot be made at present, which should be addressed in future research, due to the potential therapeutic benefits highlighted in this review.     

高频超声应用在手部肌腱断裂缝合术中的作用

目的：探讨高频超声在手部肌腱断裂缝合术中的应用价值。方法选择2009年3月~2013年6月在东阳市横店集团医院手外科就诊并术前进行超声定位的98例手部肌腱断裂患者为实验组,2014年1~6月就诊未行超声定位的48例患者为对照组,分别记录两组患者手术时间,术后高频超声探查肌腱修复效果和评估术后手指康复情况,并进行统计分析。结果两组最终完成全部超声监测检查的为实验组76例、对照组40例。实验组平均手术时间明显少于对照组[(30±20)min比(60±30)min],差异有高度统计学意义(P<0.01);实验组术后腱性连接率高于对照组[(72.4豫,55/76)比(52.5豫,21/40)],实验组瘢痕形成率低于对照组[(27.6%,21/76)比(47.5%,19/40)],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);实验组TAM手部功能康复评估良好率高于对照组[(86.8%,66/76)比(67.5%,27/40)],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论采用高频超声可明显降低手术时间和术后瘢痕连接,术后高频超声持续监测肌腱修复水平可明显提高术后手部功能康复。