富血小板血浆与皮质类固醇治疗肩袖肌腱病疗效对比的Meta分析

目的：探讨富含血小板血浆（platelet-rich plasma,PRP）注射与皮质类固醇（corticosteroids,CS）注射治疗肩袖肌腱病在肩关节功能恢复、疼痛缓解和关节活动度方面的临床疗效。方法：计算机检索Cochrane Library,EMBASE,PebMed,中国知网（CNKI）,万方数据库中PRP注射与CS注射肩袖肌腱病的随机对照试验（randomized controlled trial,RCT）文献,检索时间为建库至2022年4月20日。由2名研究者根据纳入和排除标准,进行文献筛选、数据提取及质量评价,并采用Review Manager 5.4.1软件对提取的数据进行统计学分析。比较注射后短期（3~6周）、中期（8~12周）、长期（≥ 24周）的视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale,VAS）,美国肩肘医师协会（American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons,ASES）评分,西安大略肩袖疾病评分指数（Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index,WORC）,以及肩关节活动度（range of motion,ROM）。结果：共纳入7篇RCT文献,共379例患者,其中PRP组188例,CS组191例。Meta分析结果显示：两组在短期和中期随访内VAS、ASES及WORC比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。长期随访ASES评分[MD=7.1,95% CI （2.06,12.14）,P=0.006]和VAS[MD=-1.55,95% CI （-2.65,-0.55）,P=0.002]比较,差异有统计学意义。两组ROM比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：对于肩袖肌腱病的患者,PRP与CS在疼痛缓解及功能恢复方面的短期和中期随访疗效相似。然而,长期随访发现,PRP较CS在功能恢复和疼痛缓解方面体现出优势。肩关节活动度在整个随访期间无明显差异。     

Isotretinoin induced achilles tendinopathy: Histopathological and biomechanical evaluation on rats

Objective

The aim of the present study was to evaluate histopathological and biomechanical effects of isotretinoin on Achilles tendon.

Ironman triathletes: MRI assessment of the shoulder

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this paper was to demonstrate the prevalence of shoulder magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities, including abnormal bone marrow signal at the acromioclavicular (AC) joint in symptomatic and asymptomatic Ironman Triathletes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The shoulders of 23 Ironman Triathletes, seven asymptomatic (group I) and 16 symptomatic (group II), were studied by MRI. A separate, non-triathlete group was evaluated specifically for AC joint marrow signal abnormalities to compare with the Ironman Triathletes. RESULTS: Partial thickness tears of the rotator cuff, rotator cuff tendinopathy, and AC joint arthrosis were common findings in both groups of triathletes. Tendinopathy was the only finding that was more prevalent in the symptomatic group, but this was not a statistically significant difference (p = 0.35). There were no tears of the glenoid labrum seen in group I or II subjects. Of note is that 71% (5/7) of group I subjects and 62% (10/16) of group II subjects had increased signal changes in the marrow of the AC joint (p = 0.68). The comparison group showed a lower prevalence (35%, p = 0.06) of this finding. CONCLUSIONS: No statistically significant difference was found among the findings for group 1, group 2, or the comparison group, although the difference between the comparison group and Ironman Triathletes approached statistical significance when evaluating for AC joint abnormal signal. Shoulder MRI of Ironman Triathletes should be interpreted with an appreciation of the commonly seen findings in asymptomatic subjects.     

Interventions for prevention and in-season management of patellar tendinopathy in athletes: A scoping review

IntroductionPatellar tendinopathy (PT) has a high prevalence in jumping athletes and presents a significant burden on athletes and clinicians due to its long-lasting duration and persistent symptoms. This scoping review aimed to map existing evidence on prevention and in-season management interventions for PT in athletes, evaluating intervention parameters and outcomes.MethodsThis scoping review was reported in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR. Databases searched included MEDLINE, CINAHL, AMED, EMBase, SPORTDiscus, and the Cochrane library (Controlled trials, Systematic reviews). All primary study designs investigating prevention or in-season management interventions for PT, while maintaining athletes in sport were considered for inclusion.Results5987 articles were identified with 29 included in the review. Five studies investigated exercise-based prevention interventions on athletes at risk for PT, including two randomized controlled trials (RCTs), two cohort studies and one case-control study. 24 studies investigated in-season management or rehabilitation in athletes with PT, including 18 RCTs, three case reports, one cohort study, one case series, and one retrospective review. Of these 24 studies, 22 used various resistance training interventions, one used ESWT and one used patellar strapping and taping. The types of resistance training included eccentric, heavy-slow, isometric, inertial flywheel, blood-flow restriction, and isotonic training. Eccentric training was used in 9 studies, with single leg decline squats the most common exercise used in 7 studies. Outcome measures and intervention parameters were heterogenous throughout studies.ConclusionDespite a dearth of studies on preventative interventions for athletes with PT, resistance training may be a useful prophylactic method. Eccentric, heavy slow and isometric resistance training have been found to be feasible and clinically beneficial in-season. There are a lack of studies showing that ESWT offers any additional benefit over resistance training in competing athletes. Patellar strapping and taping may offer short-term pain relief during training and competition. Systematic reviews are required to make definitive recommendations for PT.     

富血小板血浆治疗腱病概况

腱病是临床常见的疾病，给社会造成巨大的经济负担。注射富血小板血浆(PRP)作为对抗腱病发生发展的手段之一，有望为腱病的治疗带来新的选择。但是腱病是一大类疾病的统称，其具体分型间存在明显异质性。与此同时市售PRP本身也具有许多种类，因此本文对PRP在腱病中应用的文章进行了文献综述，以期科学评判PRP对腱病的治疗效果。对于传统保守治疗无效的慢性腱病患者而言，使用多个浓缩步骤制备的多次超声引导的PRP注射仍然具有治疗潜力，其中疗效最为明确的是膑腱炎以及肱骨外上髁炎。     

Alpha‐2 adrenergic stimulation triggers Achilles tenocyte hypercellularity: Comparison between two model systems

The histopathology of tendons with painful tendinopathy is often tendinosis, a fibrosis‐like condition of unclear pathogenesis characterized by tissue changes including hypercellularity. The primary tendon cells (tenocytes) have been shown to express adrenoreceptors (mainly alpha‐2A) as well as markers of catecholamine production, particularly in tendinosis. It is known that adrenergic stimulation can induce proliferation in other cells. The present study investigated the effects of an exogenously administered alpha‐2 adrenergic agonist in an established in vivo Achilles tendinosis model (rabbit) and also in an in vitro human tendon cell culture model. The catecholamine producing enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase and the alpha‐2A‐adrenoreceptor (α_2A AR) were expressed by tenocytes, and alpha‐2 adrenergic stimulation had a proliferative effect on these cells, in both models. The proliferation was inhibited by administration of an α_2A AR antagonist, and the in vitro model further showed that the proliferative alpha‐2A effect was mediated via a mitogenic cell signaling pathway involving phosphorylation of extracellular‐signal‐regulated kinases 1 and 2. The results indicate that catecholamines produced by tenocytes in tendinosis might contribute to the proliferative nature of the pathology through stimulation of the α_2A AR, pointing to a novel target for future therapies. The study furthermore shows that animal models are not necessarily required for all aspects of this research.     

A simple blind tenolysis for flexor carpi radialis tendinopathy

BackgroundFlexor carpi radialis (FCR) tendinopathy is an entity with a chronic form (repetitiveness of work) and an acute form (acute overstretching of the wrist). Confirmation of this syndrome can be established by injection of a small amount of a local anesthetic in the sheet of the FCR at this tender point. Complete relieve of the symptoms after injection confirms the existence of a tendinopathy of the FCR. Whereas rest and/or local application of steroids do not have a persistent effect on the short term outcome, a tenolysis could be performed. Before performing a tenolysis underlying causes should be excluded or treated.MethodsIn this article a simple and save technique is described, using a small Beaver knife to open the osteofibrous tunnel of the flexor carpi radialis tendon, without opening the carpal tunnel.ResultsRelieve of complaints could be reached up to almost two third of all cases.ConclusionIn cases in which non-operative treatment is not effective regarding FCR tendinopathy, a simple blind technique by opening the osteofibrous tunnel could be successful.     

肩关节镜手术治疗钙化性冈上肌肌腱炎

 目的探讨钙化性冈上肌肌腱炎的病理特点和肩关节镜手术的疗效。方法 2009年 3月至 2010年 10月采用关节镜下手术治疗钙化性冈上肌肌腱炎 34例。根据法国关节镜协会分类方法将钙化灶分成三组: 小(20 mm)。所有病例均行关节镜下钙化灶清除术和肩峰下滑囊切除术.同时行肩峰成形术(8例).肩袖修补术(10例)。所有研究病例均在术前及术后随访时采用 Constant评分、疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analog scale.VAS)评估其疗效.手术前后均摄肩关节 X线片和 MR检查.其中 9例行组织学和透射电镜检查。结果 34例患者获得平均 11.5个月的随访。术前 1个月、术前 2天和末次随访时 Constant评分分别为(36.1±6.9)分、(55.6±12.4)分和(89.7±2.7)分. VAS评分分别为(8.2±0.8)分、(7.03±0.7)分和(1.7±0.3)分.治疗前后评分的差异均有统计学意义.而三组间(小、中和大钙化灶)疗效的差异无统计学意义。患者在术后随访期间均未复发。病理检查发现钙化灶周围组织未见胶原纤维退变.周围可见新生胶原.细胞未见坏死溶解。结论正确认识钙化性肌腱炎的临床特点并准确把握手术时机是取得良好疗效的关键。肩关节镜手术是治疗钙化性肌腱炎安全、有效且微创的方法。对不同大小的钙化灶.术后均可取得满意的效果。     

Psychological factors during rehabilitation of patients with Achilles or patellar tendinopathy: a cross-sectional study

Objectiveto examine psychological factors during rehabilitation of patients with Achilles or patellar tendinopathy as well as the association between psychological factors and tendinopathy severity, sport participation, and satisfaction with activity level and tendon function.Designcross-sectional study. Setting: online survey platform.Participants119 patients (mean age: 44 years (SD 14)) diagnosed with Achilles or patellar tendinopathy.Main outcome measuresA range of patient-reported psychological and outcome measures were recorded. Multivariate regression analyses were performed to establish the association between each psychological factor and outcome measures, adjusted for relevant confounders.ResultsPsychological readiness and confidence to return to sports (I-PRRS) and pain catastrophizing (PCS) were significantly associated with tendinopathy severity (modified VISA), sport participation(OSTRC-O), and satisfaction. Kinesiophobia (TSK) and the importance to patients of returning to pre-injury activity level were significantly associated with sports participation and satisfaction.ConclusionThe current study provides evidence of impairments in psychological factors during rehabilitation of patients with Achilles and patellar tendinopathy. Most investigated psychological factors were associated with tendinopathy severity, function, participation, and satisfaction. Physical therapists should recognize patients with lack of psychological readiness to return to sports and also patients with kinesiophobia or catastrophizing thoughts when experiencing pain.