Adaptation to audiotactile asynchrony

Previous research has revealed the existence of perceptual mechanisms that compensate for slight temporal asynchronies between auditory and visual signals. We investigated whether temporal recalibration would also occur between auditory and tactile stimuli. Participants were exposed to streams of brief auditory and tactile stimuli presented in synchrony, or else with the auditory stimulus leading by 75 ms. After the exposure phase, the participants made temporal order judgments regarding pairs of auditory and tactile events occurring at varying stimulus onset asynchronies. The results showed that the minimal interval necessary to correctly resolve audiotactile temporal order was larger after exposure to the desynchronized streams than after exposure to the synchronous streams. This suggests the existence of a mechanism to compensate for audiotactile asynchronies that results in a widening of the temporal window for multisensory integration.     

Analysis of fMRI data by blind separation of data in a tiny spatial domain into independent temporal component

Independent Component Analysis (ICA) is a promising tool for the analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) time series. In these studies, mostly assumed is a spatially independent component map of fMRI data (spatial ICA). In this paper, we assume that the temporal courses of the signal and noises are independent within a Tiny spatial domain (temporal ICA). Then with fast-ICA algorithm, spatially neighboring fMRI data were blindly separated into several temporal courses and were preassumed to be formed by a signal time course and several noise time courses where the signal has the largest correlation coefficient with the reference signal. The final functional imaging was completed for the signals obtained from each voxel. Simulations showed that compared with the spatial ICA method, the new temporal ICA method is more effective than the spatial ICA in detecting weak signal in a fMRI dataset. As background noise, the simulations include simulated Gaussian noise and fMRI data without stimulation. Finally, vivo fMRI tests showed that the excited areas evoked by a visual stimuli are mainly in the region of the primary visual cortex and that evoked by auditory stimuli are mainly in the region of the primary temporal cortex.     

Architectonic parcellation of the temporal operculum in rhesus monkey and its projection pattern

Summary Cyto- and myeloarchitectonic investigation of the temporal operculum and the exposed superior temporal gyrus was combined with a connection study of the projection fibers of the pertinent areas in the rhesus monkey.A belt-like organization of the auditory region with a koniocortex core (corresponding to AI) surrounded by belt areas was revealed. This organization principally resembled that of the auditory region of the cat (Rose and Woolsey, 1949; Woolsey, 1961) and that of other sensory regions (Sanides, 1972; Sanides and Krishnamurti, 1967). The belt is composed of one prokoniocortex area (proA, corresponding to AII) in parinsular location and of a caudal (paAc), lateral (paAlt) and rostral (paAr) parakoniocortex area. The latter has a particular character. It was found to be the target of thalamic projections of the caudalmost portion of GMpc. In contrast to the other parakonio areas it does not receive associations of the koniocortex.The belt areas, including the prokoniocortex, are ipsilaterally and transcallosally interconnected as in the somatic sensory (Jones and Powell, 1969a, b; Pandya and Kuypers, 1969; Pandya and Vignolo, 1969) and visual regions (Myers, 1962; Kuypers et al., 1965; Karol and Pandya, 1971).The koniocortex core is formed by two areas, Kam and Kalt, corresponding to the architectonic organization hitherto only known in man. The medial area (Kam) has a large number of homotopical callosal projections except at its medial border (to proA). The lateral area receives less callosal fibers, particularly most of its lateral portion is devoid of terminations. Since the belt areas are rich in callosal projections the supratemporal plane shows a pattern of three stripes of callosal terminations with two intermittent stripes void of terminations.While the projections of the koniocortex into the belt areas terminate prevalently in layer IV, the parakoniocortex sends fibers only into layers I and II of the koniocortex. This corresponds to results in somatic sensory (Pandya and McKenna, unpublished observations) and visual regions (Kuypers et al., 1965; Sanides and Vitzthum, 1965b; Spatz, personal communication).In contrast to other sensory regions the auditory koniocortex receives its exceptionally dense, homotopic callosal connections in the whole outer stratum with emphasis on layer III, as opposed to layer IV in the somatic sensory region.     

Lipoma of the temporal region: a rare case series

Lipomas are common benign tumours that can occur in most parts of the body. Lipomas arising from the deep temporal fat pad, found between the two layers of the deep temporal fascia, are rare, however; there has been only one documented case report to our knowledge. We describe a second case arising from the temporal fat pad in a patient treated at our unit, having previously reported the first one, and discuss the relevant anatomy and management.     

High-resolution computed tomographic study of the retrotympanum

Summary The aim of this study was to define the imaging of the retrotympanum precisely by means of high-resolution CT. Based on 66 scans of petrous bones performed in 49 patients observed in an otologic department, several retrotympanic structures were studied: the pyramidal eminence, ponticulus, subiculum, chordal ridge, tympanic sinus of Proctor, sinus tympani and recess of the facial n. The variations in morphology and depth were noted as well as the relationship between the pyramid and the facial canal. In a second phase the same anatomic structures were studied in 24 temporal bones removed from embalmed cadavers and investigated with the same radiologic technique. Anatomic correlations were made for six temporal bones to confirm the general applicability of our radiologic hypotheses. In CT the pyramidal eminence was visualised in 100% of cases, the chordal ridge in 52%, the ponticulus in 63% and the subiculum in 57%. As regards the different recesses, the sinus tympani was visualised in 95% of cases, the posterior tympanic sinus of Proctor in 38%, the fossula of Grivot in 47% and the facial recess in 80%. The mean depth of the sinus tympani was 2.7 mm and that of the tympanic sinus of Proctor was 1.65 mm; the fossula of Grivot was assessed as 2.1 mm and the facial recess as 2.2 mm. A better knowledge of these sinuses and their variations will aid the surgeon, particularly in a posterior tympanotomy or a retro-facial approach.

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Étude tomodensitométrique en haute résolution du rétrotympanum — Confrontations anatomiques

Résumé Le but de ce travail était de définir avec précision en tomodensitométrie haute résolution l'imagerie du rétrotympanum. A partir de 66 TDMs des rochers réalisés chez 49 patients suivis en ORL, plusieurs structures du rétrotympanum ont été étudiées : éminence pyramidale, ponticulus, subiculum, crête cordale, sinus tympanique de proctor, sinus tympani et récessus du facial. Les variations morphologiques et de profondeur ont été notées ainsi que le rapport entre la pyramide et le canal facial. Dans un deuxième temps, à partir de 24 temporaux prélevés sur cadavres embaumés, explorés selon la même technique radiologique, les mêmes structures anatomiques ont été étudiées. Des corrélations anatomiques pour 6 temporaux ont été réalisées pour confirmer l'ensemble de nos hypothèse radiologiques. En tomodensitométrie la visibilité de l'éminence pyramidale était obtenue dans 100% des cas, celle de la crête cordale dans 52% des cas, du ponticulus dans 63% des cas et du subiculum dans 57% des cas. Pour ce qui est des différents récessus, le sinus tympani était visible dans 95% des cas, le sinus tympani de Proctor dans 38% des cas, la fossette de Grivot dans 47% des cas et le recessus du facial dans 80% des cas. La profondeur moyenne du sinus tympani était de 2.7 mm, le sinus tympani de Proctor mesurait 1.65 mm, la fossette de Grivot était évaluée à 2.1 mm et le récessus du facial à 2.2 mm. La meilleure connaissance de ces sinus et de leur variation aidera le chirurgien en particulier pour une tympanotomie postérieure ou un abord rétro-facial.

     

Neophobia and conditioned taste aversion deficits in the rat produced by undercutting temporal cortex

Adult male hooded rats with parasagittal knife-cuts between the amygdala and temporal cortex (n = 8), with electrolytic basolateral amygdala lesions (n = 8), and sham-operated controls (n = 8), were tested for neophobia and LiCl-induced aversion to a 0.1% saccharin solution in a one-bottle forced choice paradigm. Both types of lesion produced equal deficits in neophobia and conditioned aversion. It was concluded that severing the connections between the amygdala and the temporal cortex produces the same deficits as basolateral amygdala damage. Possible anatomical substrates for these effects are discussed.     

A planimetric study of therapy-dependent development of temporal bone pneumatization in secretory otitis media

The present study is based on the results of a planimetric investigation of temporal bone pneumatization in 43 children. Radiological and clinical follow-up studies 10 years after therapy for secretory otitis media indicate an adaptation in the size of pneumatization to an almost normal area. The increase shows that a myringotomy is sufficient in cases of serous effusion, whereas a mucous fluid requires long-term middle ear ventilation. Received: 5 August 1999 / Accepted: 3 December 1999     

癫痫患者P50听觉诱发电位的研究

目的 探讨Ｐ５０在癫痫患者检测中的临床价值。方法 对２５例癫痫患者进行Ｐ５０测试,分析Ｐ５０波的潜伏明和波幅以及在不同刺激频率时Ｐ５０波幅的比率。选择年龄、性别２与患者组相匹配的２５名健康受试者对照组,结果 癫痫患者组Ｐ５３波的潜伏期较长,波幅则显著减低,其中以１８例颞叶癫痫２表现显著,７例额叶癫痫２不明显。刺激频率稍加快时,患者组Ｐ５０的波幅比率明显减小。结论Ｐ５０波的潜伏期和以应异常与颞叶功能     

抗青光眼术后行白内障超声乳化的临床观察

目的：为了观察抗青光眼外引流术后的白内障患者,采用颞侧切口行白内障超声乳化联合人工晶体植入术（简称Ｐｈａｃｏ＋ＩＯＬ）,并观察疗效。方法：将上述患者分为两组。Ａ组作颞侧巩膜隧道切口,行Ｐｈａｃｏ＋ＩＯＬ,Ｂ组行白内障囊外摘除联合人工晶体植入术（简称ＥＣＣＥ＋ＩＯＬ）,并观察术后眼压、视力改变以及并发症。结果：两组的术后眼压与术前对比差异均不显著,术后１周Ａ组视力高于Ｂ组,但１个月后两组视力差异不明显。术后并发症：Ａ组较Ｂ组明显减轻。结论：采用颞侧切口行超声乳化术是治疗抗青光眼术后白内障的一种较理想手术方法。