Oral tuberculosis associated with a treatment with anti-rheumatic drugs

BACKGROUND: The use of immunosuppressive medication is a dominant risk factor for infection in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methotrexate (MTX) is one of the traditional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. Adalimumab [a human anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha (anti-TNF-alpha) monoclonal antibody] represent an important advance in the treatment of RA and has been recently come in use. TNF-alpha plays a role in the host defense against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and notably in granuloma formation. Infections occur at a high rate among those who use one or the combination of the two medications. METHOD: We examined a female patient that was referred to our department for evaluation and treatment of a granular lesion on the soft palate and uvula, complaining of mild dysphagia. The patient was treated for 4 months with MTX and adalimumab for RA before the oral lesion appeared. RESULTS: The histopathological examination of a specimen of the oral lesion, taken by biopsy, showed a chronic inflammation characterized by tuberculous granulomas. Polymerase chain reaction test and culture of a new specimen was positive for M. tuberculosis. CONCLUSIONS: The therapeutic use of MTX or/and adalimumab for the treatment of RA or few others diseases, can cause oral tuberculosis.     

双炔失碳酯或丙睾配伍dl-15甲基PGF_(2α)抗早孕的临床比较

本文报告65例双炔失碳酯配伍d1-15甲基PGF_(2α)(以下简称PG)抗早孕结果并与33例丙睾配伍PG抗早孕结果进行比较。结果显示,双炔失碳酯组完全流产59例,占90%;不全流产3例,占5%;失败3例,占5%;总有效率95%。丙睾组完全流产27例,占82%;不全流产6例,占18%;总有效率100%。两组总有效率无显著差异;完全流产率无显著差异;但不全流产率有明显差异(P<0.05)。药流后点滴出血天数,双炔失碳酯组平均为8.1±5.0天;丙睾组平均为18.9±19.1天;两组有明显差别(P<0.05)。双炔失碳酯经阴道给药后无一例发生心、肝、肾功能变化。     

黄芪对ESWL致兔肾损伤后缺氧诱导因子-1α表达的影响

目的探讨缺氧诱导因子-1α（HIF-1α）在ESWL致肾脏损伤中的作用及黄芪是否通过调节HIF-1α的表达而发挥对肾脏的保护作用。方法45只家兔随机分为对照组、ESWL损伤组和黄芪治疗组,每组15只,除对照组外,所有动物接受ESWL处理（18kV,1 500次）。黄芪治疗组家兔于冲击前3d至后2d,每天注射黄芪注射液2.0g/kg。2周后处死家兔,取肾脏HE染色观察肾组织形态学改变,免疫组织化学染色观察HIF-1α在肾脏中的表达。结果ESWL处理后肾小管上皮细胞肿胀、脱落,小管内可见大量管型,肾间质大量炎细胞浸润;黄芪治疗组以上病变显著减轻。ESWL损伤组HIF-1α显著表达于肾小管上皮细胞及间质,黄芪能够明显抑制HIF-1α的表达。结论HIF-1α参与了ESWL对肾脏的损伤,黄芪可能通过抑制HIF-1α的表达发挥对肾脏的保护作用。     

山羊血浆TNF与MODS的关系

在山羊ＭＯＤＳ的模型上，观察了血浆ＴＮＦ与ＭＯＤＳ的关系，３２只山羊分为三组：失血性休克组（Ｈ）；门静脉毒素血症组（Ｅ）；失血性休克＋内毒素血症组（Ｍ）。结果表明，三组动物血浆ＴＮＦ均见升高，Ｍ组最明显。动物死亡率及ＭＯＤＳ的发生率也是Ｍ组最高。可以认为ＴＮＦ持续升高导致ＭＯＤ发生发展的重要因素之一。     

风湿性心脏病二尖瓣置换术中细胞因子水平的变化

目的测定风湿性心脏病二尖瓣置换术中细胞因子水平,了解它们的变化规律。方法 11例体外循环(CPB)下二尖瓣置换术患者,分别于术前,主动脉阻断前,主动脉阻断后5min,主动脉开放后10min、1h、2h、4h、24h测定白介素6(IL-6)、白介素8(IL-8)、白介素10(IL-10)以及肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)。结果IL-6、IL-8、IL-10水平在CPB开始后逐渐升高,在主动脉开放后2h左右达到高峰(P<0.01)。之后逐渐下降,到主动脉开放后24h已显著下降。TNF水平在CPB开始后逐渐升高,在主动脉开放后24h仍维持在很高的水平(P<0.01)。结论CPB下二尖瓣置换术中既有促炎因子水平的升高,又有抗炎因子的激活。     

龙芽楤木总甙对前列腺素及环核苷酸的影响

用龙芽楤木总甙的生理盐水溶液给小鼠ip,连续7d。实验证明:龙芽楤木总甙能显著刺激前列腺素E_2和F_(2a)的合成,诱导cAMP含量明显增加,cGMP含量明显下降。对组织胺释放无影响,从而为在分子水平探讨该药作用机理提供了依据。     

Immunoglobulin mimicry by Hepatitis C Virus envelope protein E2

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) establishes persistent infection in the majority of infected individuals. The currently accepted hypothesis of immune evasion by antigenic variation in hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) of glycoprotein E2 does not however, explain the lack of subsequent immune recognition. Here, we show that the N-terminal region of E2 is antigenically and structurally similar to human immunoglobulin (Ig) variable domains. E2 is recognized by anti-human IgG antibodies and also possesses common amino acid (aa) sequence features of the conserved v-gene framework regions of human Ig light chains in particular but also heavy chains and T cell receptors. Using a position specific scoring system, the degree of similarity of HVR1 to Ig types correlated with immune escape and persistence in humans and experimentally infected chimpanzees. We propose a unique role for threshold levels of Ig molecular mimicry in HCV biology that not only advances our concept of viral immune escape and persistent infection but also provides insight into host-dependent disease patterns.     

Microarray analysis on Phase II drug metabolizing enzymes expression in pregnant rats after treatment with pregnenolone-16alpha-carbonitrile or phenobarbital

We previously reported the expression profiles of 9 cytochrome P450 isozymes (CYPs) proteins and those of 40 CYPs genes in pregnant rat's liver, placenta and fetal liver after treatment with pregnenolone-16alpha-carbonitrile (PCN) or phenobarbital (PB). This study was carried out focusing on the gene expression profiles of Phase II drug metabolizing enzymes, Glutathione S-transferase isozymes (GSTs) and UDP-glycosyltransferase isozymes (UDPGTs). Fischer 344 (F344) pregnant rats were daily treated intraperitoneally with 50 mg/kg of PCN or 80 mg/kg of PB from 13 to 16 days of gestation (DG). They were sacrificed on 17 DG, and microarray analysis using Affymetrix Rat Expression Array 230 A was performed. Among 16 GSTs genes examined in this study, 7 genes were significantly induced in dam's liver and 3 genes in fetal liver, respectively, in the PCN-group, while 8 genes were significantly induced in dam's liver and 1 gene in fetal liver, respectively, in the PB-group. On the other hand, among 11 UDPGTs genes examined, 5 genes were significantly induced in dam's liver and 3 genes in fetal liver, respectively, in the PCN-group, while 5 genes were significantly induced in dam's liver and 1 gene in fetal liver, respectively, in the PB-group. There were no significant changes in the placenta of all groups. This is the first report of the gene expression profiles of Phase II drug metabolizing enzymes in pregnant rat and fetal livers and placenta after treatment with typical inducers of drug metabolizing enzymes.     

Single-Cell RNA Sequencing of Tumor-Infiltrating NK Cells Reveals that Inhibition of Transcription Factor HIF-1α Unleashes NK Cell Activity

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α黑素细胞刺激素基因转染对小鼠骨髓来源的树突状细胞成熟的影响

为观察转染α黑素细胞刺激素(-αMSH)基因的树突状细胞(DC)的功能和特性,以腺相关病毒(AAV)为载体将α-MSH基因导入小鼠骨髓来源的未成熟DC(-αMSH-DC),用ELISA检测-αMSH-DC培养上清中-αMSH及IL-12水平,用流式细胞仪分析-αMSH-DC表面分子的表达,以-αMSH-DC提呈OVA抗原刺激致敏T细胞,通过ELISA测定IL-2水平来观察其抗原提呈功能。结果显示,在-αMSH-DC培养上清中检测到-αMSH的分泌,-αMSH-DC表面分子表达下调,分泌IL-12的能力降低,抗原提呈功能被抑制。-αMSH-DC可部分抵抗LPS上调表面分子表达和促进IL-12分泌的作用。表明-αMSH基因可籍AAV载体导入未成熟DC,并有效地表达,α-MSH基因修饰的DC成熟受到抑制。