早期主动性康复训练对卒中偏瘫患者上肢功能恢复的疗效观察

目的观察早期主动性康复训练对卒中偏瘫患者上肢功能恢复的疗效。方法将45例卒中后7-45d的偏瘫患者,按照入院病例号单双顺序分为康复组（25例）和对照组（20例）。所有患者均接受神经内科常规药物治疗、传统物理疗法、作业治疗和理疗等治疗;另外,康复组接受早期上肢主动性康复训练和应用腕关节背伸矫形支具,对照组仍进行传统康复训练。两组训练时间为30min/次,2次/d,5d/周,治疗时间均为4个月。分别在治疗前及治疗后4个月时进行偏瘫上肢功能评分（manual function examination,MFS）和运动评定量表评分（the motor assessment scale,MAS）。康复治疗4个月后,第3、6、12个月进行随访,评价MFS和MAS。对出院后继续自我练习2个月的患者进行功能磁共振成像检查。结果治疗后4个月,康复组MFS、MAS评分较治疗前分别增加10.8±1.1和5.3±1.5,对照组增加4.4±0.4和1.9±0.8,两组增加值比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。②康复组第3、6、12个月MFS、MAS随访评分均高于对照组,两组比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）③头部功能磁共振成像显示,康复组患者患侧第一运动区和辅助运动区均有高信号显示;对照组患侧和健侧第一运动区有高信号显示,而患侧辅助运动区无高信号显示。结论早期主动性康复训练对提高上肢功能的恢复和降低上肢致残率有显著疗效。     

Effects of aerobic exercise training and irbesartan on blood pressure and heart rate variability in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

The present pilot study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of an aerobic exercise training (AET) program alone or combined with an antihypertensive agent (irbesartan) to reduce blood pressure (BP) and enhance heart rate variability (HRV) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients.

METHODS:

Twenty-one patients were randomly assigned to a double-blind treatment with exercise and placebo (n=11) or exercise and irbesartan (n=10). Subjects underwent 24 h BP monitoring and 24 h electrocardiographic recording before and after the 12-week AET. HRV was investigated using three indexes from the power spectral analysis and three indexes calculated from the time domain. The AET program consisted of exercising on a calibrated ergocycle for 30 min three times per week. Five patients in the placebo group were excluded during follow-up because they were not compliant.

RESULTS:

There was no change in 24 h systolic and diastolic BP before (130±14 mmHg and 70±3 mmHg, respectively) and after (128±8 mmHg and 70±8 mmHg, respectively) exercise training in the placebo group, whereas in the irbesartan group systolic and diastolic BP decreased from 135±9 mmHg and 76±9 mmHg to 126±12 mmHg and 72±8 mmHg, respectively (P<0.02). There were no changes in HRV parameters in either group.

CONCLUSIONS:

The present study suggests that a 12-week AET program is not associated with a significant reduction in BP or enhancement in HRV, whereas an AET program combined with irbe-sartan is associated with a reduction in 24 h BP.     

Usefulness of a state-legislated,comparative database to evaluate quality in colorectal surgery

PURPOSE: Colorectal surgery, a high-volume procedure, has been targeted for performance improvement to reduce length of stay. Specific postoperative quality indicators and readmission rates should be analyzed concomitantly to assure that adverse events are not associated with earlier discharge. METHODS: From July 1, 1990, to June 30, 1997, 1,218 consecutive patients who underwent transabdominal colorectal surgery were analyzed for length of stay, mortality, morbidity, and discharge disposition. Each patient was assigned an Admission Severity Group rating 0 to 4 using a hospital-based state-legislated software system (Atlas) to validate comparative performance internally and externally. Readmission data within 120 days of discharge were available for the last 678 consecutive patients from July 1, 1993, to June 30, 1997, using Lastword (computerized medical records). RESULTS: The annual frequencies of the 1,218 procedures were 173, 183, 175, 146, 167, 189, and 185, respectively, from July 1990 through June 1997. Severity distribution was 32 for Admission Severity Group 0, 517 for Admission Severity Group 1, 540 for Admission Severity Group 2, 128 for Admission Severity Group 3, and 1 for Admission Severity Group 4, with no annual difference (P=0.012). There was a significant reduction in total length of stay of 3.1 (12.9–9.8) days during the seven years (P=0.001). The overall operative mortality rate was 1.4 percent, and the morbidity was 2.6 percent, with no annual differences (P=0.655 andP=0.033, respectively). The disposition to home did not change (P=0.21). Of the 678 patients followed up for readmission, 100 (14.7 percent) were readmitted within 120 days, with no annual difference (P=0.302). CONCLUSION: Mortality, morbidity, disposition, and readmission rates were not affected by a decreased length of stay after colorectal surgery.Presented at the Research Forum at the meeting of The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, San Antonio, Texas, May 2 to 7, 1998.     

心理干预联合放松训练对晚期癌痛患者疼痛程度及睡眠的影响探讨

目的：观察对晚期癌痛患者施以心理疏导和放松训练联合干预方式的临床应用效果。方法选择2013年12月—2014年12月在该院住院治疗的晚期癌痛病例1000例做为研究对象,随机分为试验组500例与对照组500例,对照组施以一般护理内容,试验组则于对照组护理内容基础之上加用心理干预联合放松训练干预,比较两组晚期癌痛病例干预后相关指标的差异性。结果试验组晚期癌痛病例干预后疼痛评分、PSQI评分均显著低于对照组入选对象(P<0.05)。结论对晚期癌痛患者施以心理疏导和放松训练联合干预,能够显著降低该类患者的癌痛程度,改善其睡眠质量,具有现实的推广价值。     

子宫全切手术治疗子宫肌瘤126例临床分析

目的：比较经腹与经阴道子宫全切术治疗子宫肌瘤的临床疗效。方法将该院于2011年5月—2014年5月收治的126例子宫肌瘤患者随机分为两组,观察组选用经子宫全切治疗,对照组选用经腹子宫全切术治疗,观察并比较两组患者各手术指标以及术后并发症情况。结果观察组各手术指标以及术后恢复指标均明显低于对照组,比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论经阴道子宫全切术治疗子宫肌瘤的临床疗效好,具备微创手术特点,能有效减少术中出血量等指标,患者术后恢复速度较快,值得在临床上予以推广。     

134例严重外科创伤的急诊救治分析

目的：探讨严重外科创伤患者的救治措施。方法对134例严重外科创伤患者的损伤类型、救治方法及救治效果进行总结。结果该组患者经床旁B超检查表现阳性66例（90.4%）,X线检查表现阳性77例（95.1%）,胸腹腔穿刺检查表现阳性50例（86.2%）,早期漏诊患者均为胸腹部损伤。患者平均住院时间（28.7±3.7）d,治愈率77.6%,致残率14.9%,死亡率7.5%。结论针对严重外科创伤患者要优先处理危及生命安全的器官损伤,适时应用损伤控制性手术策略,以保证救治的成功率。     

肺隔离症17例手术治疗分析

目的：探讨肺隔离症的手术治疗方法和效果。方法回顾性分析该院在2003年3月-2014年3月间收治的17例肺隔离症患者的临床资料。结果①该组17例患者中,术前确诊者13例;术中确诊4例;②采用肺叶切除术对患者进行治疗,全部痊愈,无1例死亡;③术后并发症的发生率为17.64豫(3/17),经对症处理后均缓解;④术后随访6个月~10年,复查X线胸片和CT,结果显示均正常。结论肺隔离症是临床中比较少见的肺先天性畸形,临床表现无特异性,易发生误诊和漏诊,临床中以肺叶切除术治疗为主,效果良好,值得临床推广。     

彩色超声对原发性胆囊癌的诊断价值

目的：探讨原发性胆囊癌的彩色超声图像特征,提高原发性胆囊癌的超声诊断准确率,减少临床的误诊和漏诊。方法回顾性分析了该院2009年以来45例原发性胆囊癌患者的超声图像特征及检查结果,并与手术后的病理结果进行了对照。结果45例胆囊癌中术前彩色超声诊断了35例,准确率77.8%,误诊10例,误诊率22.2%,根据彩色超声图像的特点将原发性胆囊癌分为5型。结论彩色超声为原发性胆囊癌的首选检查方法,对临床诊断和鉴别诊断具有重要价值,但还应与其他检查相结合以提高早期诊断率。     

中药治疗与传统认知训练联合虚拟技术对阿尔兹海默病患者的疗效评价

目的:运用中药辨证治疗与传统认知训练,联合虚拟现实情景互动技术,对轻度阿尔兹海默病患者进行早期认知干预,观察其疗效。方法:将符合纳入条件的68例患者,随机分为对照组(n=34例)和治疗组(n=34例),均予每周6天、连续6个月的治疗,对照组给予中药辨证论治结合传统认知训练,治疗组在对照组的基础上联合虚拟现实情景互动(Anokan-VR)技术治疗。采用简易智能精神状态检查量表(MMSE),功能独立性评定(FIM)量表、韦氏记忆测验修订版(WMS,1999)对两组患者治疗前及治疗后的疗效进行评价比较。结果:治疗前后两组的MMSE评分、FIM评分、WMS评分,均有显著性变化(P0.05);且治疗后治疗组的效果明显优于对照组(P0.05或P0.01)。结论:传统认知训练结合中药辨证论治,可改善轻度阿尔兹海默病患者的认知功能,在此基础上联合虚拟现实情景互动技术,疗效更佳。     

不同运动方式改善原发性高血压患者自主神经功能的疗效对比

目的:探讨有氧抗阻运动对原发性高血压患者产生降压疗效的自主神经功能变化。方法:将106例原发性高血压患者随机分为3组,抗阻组(35例)、有氧组(36例)以及联合组(35例),3组在口服药物的基础上分别进行中等强度抗阻运动、慢跑以及有氧抗阻运动辅助治疗。疗程结束后,对3组患者进行血流动力学测定和心血管自主神经功能评测。结果:疗程结束后,3组收缩压和舒张压均明显低于治疗前(均P0.05),联合组收缩压和舒张压均较抗阻组和有氧组低(均P0.05);抗阻组心率变异性(HRV)-高频功率(HF)明显低于治疗前,HRV-低频功率(LF)和HRV-LF/HF明显高于治疗前,有氧组与联合组治疗后HRV-HF明显高于治疗前,HRV-LF和HRV-LF/HF治疗后低于治疗前,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05);3组治疗后HRV比较:3组中联合组HRVHF最高,HRV-LF、HRV-LF/HF联合组最低,其次为有氧组,3组比较差异具有统计学意义(均P0.05);疗程结束后有氧组与联合组BPV-LF明显低于治疗前(均P0.05),抗阻组BPV-LF较治疗前明显增高(P0.05);3组中BPV-HF值差异无显著性(P0.05),联合组BPV-LF值最低,其次为有氧组,抗阻组最高,3组差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:有氧抗阻运动能够明显改善患者心血管自主神经功能,优于单纯抗阻运动及有氧运动。