Laparoscopic sigmoid colectomy: Total laparoscopic approach

Laparoscopic surgery seems set to make a significant impact on the practice of colorectal surgery. However, to date, the majority of surgeons have used a technique of laparoscopic assistance whereby initial laparoscopic mobilization of the bowel is followed by extracorporeal mesenteric and bowel division and subsequent restoration of bowel continuity. This report describes a technique of totally laparoscopic left-sided colonic resection, transanal specimen delivery, and intracorporeal colorectal anastomosis. The technique employed is described in detail and the indications and controversies surrounding such an approach are discussed.     

真皮下血管网皮瓣修复感染创面的研究

目的：探讨真皮下血管网皮瓣的抗菌能力和临床修复感染创面的应用。方法：以家猪为实验动物，在臀部两侧分别形成传统的岛状皮瓣和真皮下血管网岛状皮瓣，用细菌计数、吖啶橙荧光染色测定白细胞吞噬指数和白细胞内杀菌率等方法，进行对比。结果：真皮下血管网岛状皮瓣的抗菌力明显降低。 １９８９年起临床应用 ５例，创面彻底清创后用吻合血管的真皮下血管网游离皮瓣修复，全部成活。结论：该皮瓣抗菌力虽低于传统皮瓣，但仍可用于修复感染创面。     

Simulation for population analysis of Michaelis-Menten elimination kinetics

A simulation study was conducted to compare the cost and performance of various models for population analysis of the steady state pharmacokinetic data arising from a one-compartment model with Michaelis-Menten elimination. The usual Michaelis-Menten model (MM) and its variants provide no estimate of the volume of distribution, and generally give poor estimates of the maximal elimination rate and the Michaelis-Menten constant. The exact solution to the Michaelis-Menten differential equation (TRUE) requires a precise analysis method designed for estimation of population pharmacokinetic parameters (the first-order conditional estimation method) and also considerable computational time to estimate population mean parameters accurately. The one-compartment model with dose-dependent clearance (DDCL), in conjunction with the first-order conditional estimation or Laplacian method, ran approximately 20-fold faster than TRUE and gave accurate population mean parameters for a drug having a long biological half-life relative to the dosing interval. These findings suggest that the well-known MM and its variants should be used carefully for the analysis of blood concentrations of a drug with Michaelis-Menten elimination kinetics, and that TRUE, in conjunction with a precise analysis method, should be considered for estimating population pharmacokinetic parameters. In addition, DDCL is a promising alternative to TRUE with respect to computation time, when the dosing interval is short relative to the biological half-life of a drug. This work was supported in part by the Epilepsy Research Foundation, the Nakatomi Foundation, and a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Science, and Culture of Japan.     

普理灵疝装置和疝塞在无张力腹股沟疝修补中的对比研究

目的探讨更为合理的无张力疝修补方法。方法分别应用普理灵疝装置 (polyprop ylene proleneherniasystem ,PHS )和疝塞 (MeshPlug&Patch)作为疝修补材料行疝修补术 ,将 10 0例腹股沟疝患者随机分为PHS组和Plug组 2组 ,每组各 5 0例 ,对 2组的临床资料进行对比。 结果随访 6～ 10个月 ,PHS组与Plug组手术时间平均为 35min和 4 0min ;术后并发症发生率为 2 % (1 5 0 )和 8% (4 5 0 ) ;平均住院日 2d和 3d ;均无复发。Plug组 1个月内 6例 (PHS组 0例 )有异物感 ,两组差异有显著意义 (P <0 0 5 )。结论普理灵疝装置和疝塞均能较好地修补腹股沟疝 ,普理灵疝装置尤其适用于消瘦和疝环或腹横筋膜缺损较大的腹股沟疝患者 ,而疝塞在肥胖和疝环或腹横筋膜缺损不太大的腹股沟疝患者更有优势。     

第四脑室囊虫病诊断及手术治疗

目的：探讨四室脑囊虫诊断及治疗方治。方法：回顾分析1992年5月--2002年12月收治的四室脑囊虫21例，术前所有患者行头颅CT扫描，其中15例MR检查，21例患者行血清及脑脊液囊虫ELISA检查。所有患者术前1d行脑室外引流，均经枕下正中入路行四室囊虫摘除术，其中1例行脑室腹腔分流术。结果：CT扫描示四脑室呈囊性扩张且伴脑积水，MRI矢状位T1加权像示四室完整的包囊。血清囊虫ELISA检查19例阳性，脑脊液21例阳性。所有患者术后高颅压症状均立即解除，随访27．4月未见复发。结论：MRI是诊断四室脑囊虫最准确的方法。血清囊虫-ELISA检查简便，但脑脊液检查比血清更敏感。术前脑室外引流很有必要，枕下正中入路四室囊虫摘除术是有效的治疗方法。     

冷冻异体手指复合组织移植再造拇指200指

对１９７例拇指Ⅲ～Ⅳ级缺失者，采用自体姆甲瓣游离移植包裹冷冻异体手指的复合组织（骨、关节、肌腱、腱鞘）再造拇指２００指。笔者认为冷冻能降低异休手指组织的抗原性，术前、后不用抑制排异反应的制剂与激素，无急性排异反应发生。手术成功率９６．４％，异体手指存活率９１．５％。术后３个月感觉恢复，测定对掌功能１４４例，优良率为９１．６％。平均随访时间４年５个月，部分病例远期出现异体骨吸收及关节变性，可能与骨片未镶嵌好，术后活动过早及慢性排异有关；但主要是移植组织未及时恢复神经血管的营养支配有关。为此取■甲瓣时内附着趾关节２块骨片，挖去异体指骨内骨髓，植入自体新鲜红骨髓及松质骨，有利于血管长入异体骨及促进宿主对其爬行替代。提出合理设计供足阳趾胫侧的保留皮瓣，尽量维持趾长度，供皮瓣区中厚皮片植皮，保存第１背侧跖骨肌及跗内外侧血管及足背皮神经，可减少足的并发症。     

吻合腓肠浅动脉的游离小腿后侧皮瓣修复手掌软组织及神经缺损

目的 探讨修复手掌软组织及神经同时缺损的新方法。方法 利用吻合腓肠浅动脉的游离小腿后侧皮瓣修复手掌软组织及神经缺损6例。结果 临床应用6例，全部成活，术后10～13个月随访，皮瓣外形近似正常手掌，两点辨别觉为5mm，感觉为S4；患指感觉恢复为S3两例，S4四例。结论 利用吻合腓肠浅动脉皮瓣修复手掌软组织及神经缺损是理想的方法。     

成人腰椎峡部裂型滑脱症的微创治疗

Objective To investigate the clinical experiences and technical skills of adult isthmic spondylolisthesis. Methods Twenty-one patients with adult isthmic spondylolisthesis underwent minimally invasive surgery. There were 12 men and 9 women, with the mean age of 51.7 years. Isthmic spondylolisthe-sis occurred at the L4.5 in 7 patients, and at the L5S1 in 14 patients. According to Meyerding classification, 13 cases were of Grade Ⅰ, 7 of Grade Ⅱ, 1 of Grade Ⅲ. Under general anesthesia, guiding by fluoroscopy, the surgeries performed minimally invasive microendoscopic(METRx) techniques for posterior decompression, interbody cage fusion and novel Sextant-R percutaneous pedicle screw techniques for deformity reduction and fixation. Results Seventeen cases were followed up 1 year postoperatively. The average low back pain VAS reduced from preoperative 6.0±2.6 to postoperative 2.9±2.5. The average leg pain VAS decreased from preoperative 6.7±3.3 to postoperative 2.8±1.6. The average ODI decreased from preoperative 44.3% to post-operative 27.1%. The Nakai good and excellent rate was 90%. The mean operative time 170 min, blood loss 160 ml, and postoperative stay in bed 7.5 d. The sagittal spondylolisthesis rate significantly decreased from preoperative 35.5%±2.5% to postoperative 8.3%±7.5%. The lordotic angle from preoperative 11.5°±1.7° in-creased to postoperative 16.8°±9.5°; the intervertebral disc height from preoperative (5.4±2.5) mm increased to postoperative (9.1±3.0) mm. According to Lenke judgement for fusion, complete fusion rate was 76%, in-complete fusion rate was 12%, nonfusion rate was 12%. Conclusion The minimally invasive microendo-scopic (METRx) assisted with a novel Sextant-R percutaneous pedicle screw systems for deformity reduction and fixation to treat adult isthmic spondylolisthesis, is not only a minimally invasive and safe surgical tech-nique, also an effective treatment for deformity reduction and fixation.     

踝部开放性骨折的急症手术治疗

目的探讨踝部开放性骨折的损伤特点及相关的急症手术技术特点。方法2001年8月至2006年4月，急症手术治疗踝部开放性骨折51例，男39例，女12例；年龄18-72岁，平均36岁。伤口Gustilo分度，Ⅰ度3例，Ⅱ度37例，ⅢA度7例，ⅢB度3例，ⅢC度1例。急诊给予有效抗生素治疗，尽早开始手术。冲洗及彻底清创后，根据骨折类型、粉碎程度及伤口情况制定骨折处理的顺序，依次完成骨折复位、固定。结果48例患者获得随访，随访时间8-48个月，平均26个月。无一例发生深部感染。12例伤口发生浅表皮缘坏死，2例伤口延迟愈合，2例伤口发生浅表感染。踝部骨折在10-18周（平均13周）愈合。采用AOFAS踝后足功能评分标准，48例评分在76-100分，平均90分。结论踝部开放性骨折在急症手术时应彻底清创，注意保护皮肤活力。在处理后踝骨折时，可采用胫骨远端脱出法。多数手术应先精确复位、固定外踝骨折，对旋后内收型、外踝严重粉碎的踝部骨折应先进行内踝骨折的复位、固定。对严重的下胫腓联合分离，应直视下复位且常规使用下胫腓螺钉固定。     

足背动脉跨区供血的足背及足底内侧联合皮瓣的解剖研究与临床应用

目的探讨应用同一血管蒂（足背动脉）跨供区（足背与足底内侧）联合皮瓣游离移植的可行性。方法对足背和足底内侧2个皮瓣进行解剖学研究。采用10只成人新鲜足标本分别从足背动脉（5只）、足底内侧动脉（5只）加压灌注碳素墨汁甲醛。在足底和足背不同部位取全层皮肤做脱水透明标本处理，在显微镜下对0．3-0．5mm厚铺片进行观察，以确定不同动脉的供血范围。设计以足背动脉供血的跨足背与足底内侧2个皮瓣供区的新皮瓣移植术式，并用来修复手部大面积皮肤缺损。结果足背皮瓣与足底内侧皮瓣存在丰富的交通血供区，从足背动脉灌注碳素墨汁甲醛，其分布范围除整个足背外，在足底分布如下：以足底中线纵轴为基线可及中线外侧（1．7±0．5）cm；以足底中线横轴为基线，上可及中线上（4．5±1．5）cm，下可及中线下（3．8±0．9）cm。从足底内侧动脉灌注碳素墨汁甲醛，其分布范围除整个足底内侧区域外，在足背区可及躅长伸肌外侧（0．6±0．5）cm。以足背动脉供血的跨区联合皮瓣血供丰富，临床应用12例全部成功。结论以足背动脉供血的跨区联合皮瓣切取面积大，血供可靠，可以用来修复手部大面积皮肤缺损。