腹腔镜减重代谢袖状胃手术要点与适应证

腹腔镜袖状胃切除最开始是作为超级肥胖病人的前期手术出现,随后发现单独的腹腔镜袖状胃切除手术可以显著减轻体重和肥胖相关的并发症,并且具有手术难度低,术后并发症少等优点,因此近些年来应用的越来越多。虽然《中国肥胖与2型糖尿病外科治疗指南(2019)》对于腹腔镜袖状胃切除手术要点及适应证进行了进一步的规范,但由于中国开展减重代谢手术时间较短,手术不规范导致的减重效果不佳,严重并发症的情况依然存在。因此手术细节和相关技术要点的进一步优化,必将有利于手术的推广与开展。     

Surgical vs non-surgical management of Weber B fractures: A systematic review

BackgroundThe aim of this systematic review was to compare surgical and non-surgical management of Weber B ankle fractures.MethodsA systematic computer-based search was conducted using the MEDLINE (via OvidSP), EMBASE (via OvidSP) and Central databases. Data were extracted regarding functional outcome, radiological union, range of motion (RoM), infection rate and quality of life (QoL).ResultsThere were no significant differences identified between surgical and non-surgical management of Weber B fractures with respect to functional outcome. There is a higher rate of complication following surgical management, including infection, reoperation, thromboembolic events and death. With respect to QoL and ankle RoM, this review identified no differences between surgical and non-surgical management.ConclusionsThere is a need for further published literature evaluating the most efficacious management as there is a poverty of high-level research available. Currently, the available literature does not overwhelmingly favour a particular approach to Weber B ankle fractures.     

Closed incision negative pressure therapy: Results of recent trials and recommendations for clinical practice

BackgroundOpen abdominal surgery is associated with high rates of wound complications . Surgical site infection (SSI) is associated with prolonged length of stay, delayed treatment and high rates of readmission ^{(1, 3, 4)}. Negative pressure wound therapy over closed incisions (ciNPWT) is a novel approach to prevention of SSI. We reviewed the outcomes of studies comparing ciNPWT and standard therapy in open abdominal wounds to assess the efficacy of the current evidence base.AimTo assess the effect of negative pressure wound therapy used over closed incisions in open abdominal surgery.MethodsSearch of relevant terms was conducted on PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane to identify studies published between Jan 2006–Feb 2019. Studies were chosen based on specific inclusion criteria. Articles were screened to assess demographics, study design and outcomes.ResultsSeven retrospective and six prospective randomised controlled trials were identified for inclusion, totalling 3048 participants. 967 received ciNPWT and 2081 received standard treatment. Studies assessed a mix of surgeries (colorectal n = 6, pancreaticoduodenectomy n = 1, gynaecologic n = 1, acute care surgery n = 1, mixed open n = 2). ciNPWT was statistically significant in reducing SSI in 9 of 13 studies.ConclusionciNPWT in open abdominal surgery has demonstrated promising results for reducing SSI rate in some trials however, patient selection remains unclear. Recent randomized controlled trials have failed to demonstrate benefit overall with use of ciNPWT in open abdominal surgery. Further multicentre prospective trials are needed for cost-benefit analysis and appropriate patient-selection.     

Timing of surgical fixation in traumatic spinal fractures: A systematic review

BackgroundThe optimal timing of fracture fixation following spinal injury is controversial. Many spinal fractures occur as part of polytrauma requiring a complex management strategy. Whilst the decision to stabilize unstable spinal column injuries is without debate, the duration between injury and definitive fixation can impact on the incidence of post-operative complications. This study was designed to systemically summarize and compare the complication profile of early vs late stabilization of spinal injuries, in an attempt to unveil an appropriate treatment protocol for traumatic spinal fractures.MethodsA comprehensive search strategy was performed on the PubMed, Cochrane, and Google Scholar databases using key words. The search strategy provided 1120 results. Forty-six articles were reviewed for full-text. Reference lists were analysed for potential additional texts.ResultsSixteen articles met the inclusion criteria and were included for systematic review. Studies were controversial and the overall result was inconclusive. Several studies favour early stabilisation to reduce post-surgical complication rates, especially in cases of patients with high Injury Severity Scale (ISS) scores. However, this is challenged by a small number of studies reporting a higher mortality rate in the early-stabilisation cohort.ConclusionDue to limited studies and a small overall cohort, the authors would cautiously recommend the early surgical fixation of unstable spine fractures in the stable trauma patient. For severely injured patients, the discordance among literature warrants the need for further investigation.     

肝内胆管细胞癌手术相关辅助治疗的进展

肝内胆管细胞癌(ICC)预后极差,手术治疗联合包括化疗、放疗、分子靶向药物治疗、肝局部毁损治疗、介入治疗、抗病毒治疗等在内的综合治疗,能够形成互补作用,防止其术后复发。本文就ICC手术联合辅助治疗的最新进展予以综述,为ICC的综合治疗及临床研究提供新的思路。     

三种手术方式治疗cT1N0期甲状腺癌的近期疗效及安全性比较

目的对比三种手术方式治疗cT1N0期甲状腺癌的近期疗效及安全性。 方法回顾性队列研究2017年1月至2019年5月73例cT1N0期甲状腺癌患者资料,根据术式不同分为3组。25例患者纳入开放组,将实施全乳晕入路腔镜手术治疗的24例患者纳入全乳晕组,将经口腔前庭入路腔镜手术治疗的24例患者纳入经口腔组。采用SPSS23.0软件进行处理,围术期相关指标、视觉模拟评估量表(VAS)、Vancouver疤痕评定量表(VSS)评分以( ±s)表示,多组间采用单因素方差分析;疗效、并发症用χ²检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。 结果经口腔组、全乳晕组治疗总有效率(91.7%、87.5%)均比开放组(64.0%)高(P<0.05);经口腔组、全乳晕组手术时间长于开放组(P<0.05),但术中出血量、术后引流量及术后住院时间均比开放组低(P<0.05);经口腔组术后3 d、1个月的VAS评分、VSS评分<全乳晕组<开放组(P<0.05);经口腔组、全乳晕组并发症发生率(8.3%、8.3%)比开放组低(32.0%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 结论相比开放手术,腔镜下甲状腺手术治疗cT1N0期甲状腺癌的疗效更佳、并发症更少、住院时间更短,可作为优选治疗方案。     

闭合性踝关节骨折术后发生手术部位感染的危险因素分析

背景:踝关节骨折是临床常见骨折,关于闭合性踝关节骨折术后切口感染的研究相对较少,如何降低术后感染率和切口不愈合风险是手术治疗成功的关键。目的:分析闭合性踝关节骨折患者内固定术后发生手术部位感染(SSI)的危险因素,为临床制订预防控制措施提供参考。方法:回顾性分析2015年5月至2018年5月行手术治疗的206例闭合性踝关节骨折患者,男130例,女76例,年龄21~87岁,平均(48.1±17.5)岁。术后3个月内发生浅表或深部感染的19例为感染组,其余187例为非感染组。对感染组患者的病原菌类型进行分析。记录所有患者发生SSI的潜在危险因素:①患者相关:性别、年龄、体重指数(BMI)、吸烟史、高血压病及糖尿病等合并症;②创伤相关:损伤机制、骨折分型、软组织损伤程度、有无张力性水泡及是否合并脱位等;③手术相关:受伤至手术时间、美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)麻醉分级、手术时间、内置物类型、术中出血量、缝合方法及术后石膏固定等。采用单因素分析和多因素Logistic回归分析发生SSI的影响因素。结果:SSI发生率为9.2%(19/206),感染组细菌培养阳性率为94.7%(18/19),吸烟史(P=0.034)、手术时间延长(P=0.046)和术后未行石膏固定(P=0.021)是闭合性踝关节骨折术后发生SSI的独立危险因素。结论:对于闭合性踝关节骨折患者,劝告患者术前术后戒烟、有效缩短手术时间、术后早期阶段石膏固定或有利于减少SSI的发生。     

数字化技术在颅颌面外科中的应用进展与展望

数字化技术的引进极大地推动了颅颌面外科的进步。数字化三维重建、3D模型打印、数字图像模拟手术和手术导板等革新了治疗手段、降低了手术难度、提升了治疗结果的精准性和可预测性,现已成为颅颌面外科常规诊疗手段。相信随着不断完善的动态导航、智能化手术机器人的研发和使用,颅颌面外科将会获得长足的发展。