Breast augmentation with silicone implants: the role of surgical drainage—report on 502 consecutive patients

Breast augmentation is one of the most frequently performed cosmetic surgery procedures worldwide. We report on a series of 502 consecutive cosmetic breast augmentations by a single surgeon, using both the submuscular and submammary approaches. A vacuum drain was placed in the surgical pocket at the end of the procedure. The drain fluid collection was recorded immediately after the surgery and the following day before removal. A tenfold increase in the amount of fluid collection was noted in the drain’s reservoir. Thirteen patients presented with minor wound healing problems at the second postoperative follow-up, which were treated conservatively; two of them had the implant removed and replaced after 2 months. There were only two capsular contractions at 1-year follow-up. We focus our discussion on the drainage in the early postoperative period and conclude that the routine use of a surgical drainage reduces the risk for complications. Based on our findings, we advocate that short-term routine use of a surgical drain is advisable.     

外科手术切口脂肪液化的诊疗体会

目的 探讨外科手术切口病因及预防措施.方法 回顾分析我科自2001年5月～2005年7月施行大、中手术后发生切口脂肪液化的60例病例.结果 肥胖,术中皮下脂肪层使用电刀,术中切口器械挤压时间长,大块组织钳夹,老年人、糖尿病等可引发切口脂肪液化.结论 手术切口脂肪液病因较多,肥胖、术中使用电刀、器械挤压时间长、老年人糖尿病均为重要影响因素.     

游离背阔肌皮瓣修复四肢肿瘤切除后创面

我院骨科组于1985年5～10月份为4例患下肢高分化低度恶性肿瘤的病人,在化疗的配合下施行肿瘤局部大块切除,吻合血管的背阔肌肌皮瓣移植修复创面等综合治疗,早期获得了满意的效果.4例病人中有2例患小腿软骨肉瘤,1例小腿脂肪肉瘤和1例髋部纤维肉瘤.背阔肌肌皮瓣较适用于修复软组织缺损大的创面,其大而扁平的肌肉部分几乎能完全覆盖缺损,外形亦常较满意.     

图表比较教学法在微生物学教学中的应用

图表比较教学法作为微生物学教学的直观教学手段在本科教学中占有十分重要的地位，是形象思维和抽象思维两种思维方式的协调统一。有利于反映各知识层面的内在联系，可使学生加深对知识的理解，增强分析和综合问题的能力，以利于提高教学质量。     

Effects of simplifying choice tasks on estimates of taste heterogeneity in stated-choice surveys

Researchers usually employ orthogonal arrays or D-optimal designs with little or no attribute overlap in stated-choice surveys. The challenge is to balance statistical efficiency and respondent burden to minimize the overall error in the survey responses. This study examined whether simplifying the choice task, by using a design with more overlap, provides advantages over standard minimum-overlap methods. We administered two designs for eliciting HIV test preferences to split samples. Surveys were undertaken at four HIV testing locations in San Francisco, California. Personal characteristics had different effects on willingness to pay for the two treatments, and gains in statistical efficiency in the minimal-overlap version more than compensated for possible imprecision from increased measurement error.     

游离腓骨皮瓣结合交锁髓内钉治疗前臂复合组织缺损

目的 探讨应用游离腓骨皮瓣结合交锁髓内钉治疗前臂复合组织缺损的可行性与疗效.方法 对5例前臂骨(尺骨和/或桡骨)和软组织缺损的患者,应用同侧/对侧游离腓骨皮瓣移植,同时应用Smith-Nephew交锁髓内钉对游离腓骨进行固定.供区植皮.结果 5例皮瓣全部存活.根据Anderson评分标准评定:优1例,良3例,可1例.骨折愈合时间为12～17周,平均14.6周,术后无骨不连与感染发生.结论 游离腓骨皮瓣结合交锁髓内钉是治疗前臂复合组织缺损的可行方法.     

应重视口腔颌面部恶性肿瘤的综合序列治疗

口腔颌面部恶性肿瘤约占全身恶性肿瘤的3％，虽然所占比例不高，但l大l其解剖部位特殊．涉及美观和重要的生理功能，冈此对患者机体和心理的影响不容忽视。早期（Ⅰ、Ⅱ期）口腔颌面部恶性肿瘤无论采用手术和（或）放射治疗，均能取得良好效果。但遗憾的是，大多数患者就诊时，已属局部一区域晚期（Ⅲ、Ⅳ期）。由于受到局部解剖和维持功能的限制，单纯通过扩大手术切除范围和改进现有手术技术，除能改善患者生存质量外，已无法提高此类患者的生存率，延长其生存时间。     

三叶草钢板治疗肱骨近端3、4部分骨折

我院于2003-2006年运用三叶草钢板对32例肱骨近端3、4部分骨折进行手术治疗取得满意结果,现报告如下。1临床资料32例肱骨近端骨折,男21例,女11例;年龄25~82岁,平均54·4岁。根据Neer分型[1],其中Ⅳ型3部分11例,4部分4例;Ⅴ型3部分12例,4部分3例;Ⅵ型3部分1例,4部分1例。病程1~10 d,平均4·5 d。损伤原因:跌伤22例,交通伤7例,高处坠落伤3例。2治疗方法选用臂丛麻醉或全麻,患者取“沙滩椅”位,采用改良Thompson切口。将上臂外展以利切口暴露,以肱二头肌肌间沟作为解剖标记。如有肱骨头脱位应先复位,将钢板根据肱骨外形塑形,精确匹配肱骨近端…