肩关节后脱位合并肱骨近端骨折1例

2018年6月笔者接诊1例电击伤后导致肩关节后脱位合并肱骨近端骨折患者,经过肱骨近端骨折手术复位内固定后,术后发现肩关节后脱位并未纠正,随后立即行闭合复位术,术后患者肩关节功能恢复良好。分析肩关节后脱位及其合并伤的发病率、治疗策略、预后情况,介绍经验教训,提高认识,减少误诊。     

内眼术后方应用于白内障术后疗效观察

目的:观察内眼术后方应用于白内障术后的临床疗效。方法:采用随机对照的研究方法,选择2014年10月至2015年9月在上海中医药大学附属龙华医院眼科确诊的Ⅲ级核白内障患者63例(63眼),分为对照组30例和治疗组33例。由同一手术医师行白内障超声乳化联合人工晶体植入术。对照组给予左氧氟沙星滴眼液、妥布霉素地塞米松滴眼液滴眼,妥布霉素地塞米松眼膏涂眼,治疗组术后在对照组治疗的基础上给予内眼术后方口服,每日1剂,早晚餐后温服。治疗7 d后,观察两组患者治疗前后角膜内皮计数、角膜厚度变化,比较两组患者治疗后角膜内皮变化、角膜内皮丢失率、角膜厚度变化、角膜水肿程度。结果:两组患者术前角膜内皮计数和角膜厚度比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。手术后,对照组角膜内皮计数较手术前明显减少,角膜厚度明显增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组角膜内皮计数较手术前有所减少,角膜厚度有所增加,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。手术后两组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组角膜内皮变化、角膜内皮丢失率、角膜厚度变化、角膜水肿程度比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:内眼术后方可减轻手术对角膜内皮的损伤,对保护白内障超声乳化联合人工晶体植入术后角膜内皮功能有较好的疗效。     

Protective and Risk Factors for Humerus Head Necrosis After Proximal Humerus Fracture Treated with Internal Locking Plate

BackgroundProximal humerus fractures (PHF) are common and lead to post-traumatic humerus head necrosis (HHN) in 3–35% after ORIF with an internal locking plate. Few studies focus on this condition and risk factors remain a discussion topic. Hertel’s criteria for initial head ischemia right after fracture (fracture complexity, medial hinge displacement and short metaphyseal head extension) have recently been correlated to HHN, but there is still a clear lack of evidence on the topic. Due to its anatomical similarities to the proximal femur, some authors argue that PHF may as well benefit from early surgery to avoid head necrosis.MethodsIn this 10-year retrospective study, we assessed 305 patients from a single center. All cases were treated with a PHILOS plate through a deltopectoral approach. The mean follow-up time was 467 days. The primary endpoint was HHN.ResultsHHN was diagnosed in 12 patients (4%), 10 of which were diagnosed within the first year and one case 4 years after surgery. A positive correlation (p < 0.04) was found between HHN and fracture type (both in AO and Neer’s classification), initial neck-shaft-angle (NSA) and metaphyseal head extension (MHE). Medial hinge displacement (MHD) occurred in all HHN cases. Achieving perfect reduction (< 2 mm dislocation) was relevant to avoiding HHN (p = 0.035). Although HHN developed in 32% of the high risk cases (four-part fractures with a short MHE), it was completely avoided (0%) when perfect reduction was achieved. Time until surgery after admission was neither a protective nor a risk factor for HHN.ConclusionWe conclude that fracture complexity (four-part and C-fractures) as well as disruption of the medial hinge with a metaphyseal head extension smaller than 8 mm are relevant risk factors for humerus head necrosis. A combination of these criteria generated an high risk pattern with a 32% rate of HHN. Though often difficult to achieve, perfect reduction was a clear protective factor and reduced HHN to 0%. Perfect reduction may be key to inosculation and, therefore, salvage of the humerus head, especially in high risk cases. Surgery timing did not correlate with HHN.Level of EvidenceLevel 3, retrospective cohort study.     

加速康复外科理念在腹股沟疝手术中的应用

目的:比较应用加速康复外科治疗方案和传统方法治疗腹股沟疝的效果.方法:对比研究47例腹股沟疝病人,分别采用加速康复外科和传统的治疗方案,比较两组病人术后住院时间、住院费用、术后进食时间、下床活动时间和并发症的发生率等.结果:两组病人均痊愈出院.加速康复组病人与对照组相比,术后进食和下床活动时间均明显提前,住院费用及住院时间亦减少.结论:加速康复外科治疗方案更有利于指导腹股沟疝病人的治疗.     

减重代谢术后患者饮食依从性影响因素的质性研究

目的 探讨减重代谢术后患者饮食依从性的影响因素.方法 基于态度-社会影响-自我效能模型,通过描述性质性研究,利用目的抽样法选取2019年11月-12月于江苏省某三级甲等综合医院复诊的20例减重代谢术后患者进行半结构式访谈,运用定向内容分析法进行资料分析.结果 归纳出态度(有益身心的积极态度、不适体验的消极态度)、社会影...     

Mitral valve surgery after a failed MitraClip procedure

OBJECTIVESAmong patients undergoing transcatheter mitral valve repair with the MitraClip device, a relevant proportion (2–6%) requires open mitral valve surgery within 1 year after unsuccessful clip implantation. The goal of this review is to pool data from different reports to provide a comprehensive overview of mitral valve surgery outcomes after the MitraClip procedure and estimate in-hospital and follow-up mortality. Open in a separate windowMETHODSAll published clinical studies reporting on surgical intervention for a failed MitraClip procedure were evaluated for inclusion in this meta-analysis. The primary study outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes were in-hospital adverse events and follow-up mortality. Pooled estimate rates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of study outcomes were calculated using a DerSimionian–Laird binary random-effects model. To assess heterogeneity across studies, we used the Cochrane Q statistic to compute I² values.RESULTSOverall, 20 reports were included, comprising 172 patients. Mean age was 70.5 years (95% CI 67.2–73.7 years). The underlying mitral valve disease was functional mitral regurgitation in 50% and degenerative mitral regurgitation in 49% of cases. The indication for surgery was persistent or recurrent mitral regurgitation (grade >2) in 93% of patients, whereas 6% of patients presented with mitral stenosis. At the time of the operation, 80% of patients presented in New York Heart Association functional class III–IV. Despite favourable intraoperative results, in-hospital mortality was 15%. The rate of periprocedural cerebrovascular accidents was 6%. At a mean follow-up of 12 months, all-cause death was 26.5%. Mitral valve replacement was most commonly required because the possibility of valve repair was jeopardized, likely due to severe valve injury after clip implantation.CONCLUSIONSSurgical intervention after failed transcatheter mitral valve intervention is burdened by high in-hospital and 1-year mortality, which reflects reflecting the high-risk baseline profile of the patients. Mitral valve replacement is usually required due to leaflet injury.     

The provision of a time-critical elective surgical service during the COVID-19 Crisis: a UK experience

IntroductionWith the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, all elective surgery was temporarily suspended in the UK, allowing for diversion of resource to manage the anticipated surge of critically unwell patients. Continuing to deliver time-critical surgical care is important to avoid excess morbidity and mortality from pathologies unrelated to COVID-19. We describe the implementation and short-term surgical outcomes from a system to deliver time-critical elective surgical care to patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.Materials and methodsA protocol for the prioritisation and safe delivery of time-critical surgery at a COVID-19 ‘clean’ site was implemented at the Nuffield Health Exeter Hospital, an independent sector hospital in the southwest of England. Outcomes to 30 days postoperatively were recorded, including unplanned admissions after daycase surgery, readmissions and complications, as well as the incidence of perioperative COVID-19 infection in patients and staff.ResultsA total of 128 surgical procedures were performed during a 31-day period by a range of specialties including breast, plastics, urology, gynaecology, vascular and cardiology. There was one unplanned admission and and two readmissions. Six complications were identified, and all were Clavien-Dindo grade 1 or 2. All 128 patients had preoperative COVID-19 swabs, one of which was positive and the patient had their surgery delayed. Ten patients were tested for COVID-19 postoperatively, with none testing positive.ConclusionThis study has demonstrated the implementation of a safe system for delivery of time-critical elective surgical care at a COVID-19 clean site. Other healthcare providers may benefit from implementation of similar methodology as hospitals plan to restart elective surgery.     

瑞芬太尼与曲马多复合异丙酚静脉麻醉用于宫腔镜电切术

目的 探讨瑞芬太尼与曲马多复合异丙酚用于宫腔镜电切术的麻醉效果.方法 选择门诊ASA Ⅰ～Ⅱ级宫腔镜电切术患者60例,随机分为瑞芬太尼组(R组)、曲马多组(T组)和单用异丙酚组(P组),每组各20例,R组瑞芬太尼1.0 μg·kg-1持续静注60秒,异丙酚2mg?kg-1诱导,T组曲马多2mg·kg-1 异丙酚2mg·kg-1诱导,P组单用异丙酚2mg·kg-1诱导,维持每次追加异丙酚0.5～1.0mg·kg-1,观察术中血流动力学的变化,注射痛和术后宫缩痛的发生情况,记录异丙酚用量、手术时间以及不良反应.结果 三组麻醉后SBP和DBP有不同程度下降(P＜0.01),R组HR诱导后5min、7min与诱导前比较明显下降(P＜0.01),R组、T组注射痛明显低于P组(P＜0.01),T组术后宫缩痛、呼吸抑制发生率明显低于R组、P组(P＜0.0D,R组、P组组间无差异(P＞0.05).R组、T组异丙酚用量明显少于P组(P＜0.01).术后患者无恶心、呕吐发生.结论 瑞芬太尼与曲马多复合异丙酚用于宫腔镜电切术较单用异丙酚具有麻醉效果好,能减少异丙酚用量,减轻异丙酚的注射痛,值得临床推广应用.     

Perception of Labial Size and Objective Measurements-Is There a Correlation? A Cross-Sectional Study in a Cohort Not Seeking Labiaplasty

IntroductionPoor genital self-image is a common phenomenon leading to an increasing interest in female genital surgery over the last years.AimThe aim was to correlate objective measurements of the labia minora with the individual subjective perception of the labial size.MethodsIn a cross-sectional study with 200 premenopausal women (median age 33.5 years) presenting for gynecological issues other than vulvar diseases, labial width and length were measured, and psychological and physical complaints were assessed. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors that influenced self-reported complaints and subjective perception of labia size.Main Outcome MeasureThe main outcome measure was labial appearance (width and length in mm, color), subjective perception of the labial size, and complaints.ResultsThe median width of the labia minora was 19.0 mm (interquartile range = 12.6–27.5), and the median length was 35.5 mm (interquartile range = 27.8–48.9). The objective size of the labia was significantly associated with womens' subjective perception of the labial size, but not with self-reported complaints. Nearly one-third of the women (n = 53, 27%) reported complaints of their labia minora which were mainly physical (n = 41, 77%) or a combination of physical and psychological problems (n = 9, 17%), while only a small group reported experiencing only psychological complaints (n = 3, 6%). Predictors of complaints were previous cosmetic surgery and the subjective perception of the labia size. The latter was significantly associated with discomfort during intercourse and when visiting a sauna and by labia minora that protruded over the labia majora.Clinical ImplicationsCutoff values to define labial hypertrophy and to justify labial reduction surgery should be avoided.Strength & LimitationsThis is a large sample of labial measurements in women not seeking labiaplasty. Standardized and validated questions regarding quality of life, sexuality, and body image could have provided more insight into psychological aspects.ConclusionThese data demonstrate the variability of labial anatomy and its perception.Widschwendter A, Riedl D, Freidhager K, et al. Perception of Labial Size and Objective Measurements-Is There a Correlation? A Cross-Sectional Study in a Cohort Not Seeking Labiaplasty. J Sex Med 2020;17:461–469.     

Clinical characteristics and pregnancy outcomes of infertile patients with endometriosis and endometrial polyps: A retrospective cohort study

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to discuss the clinical characteristics and the prognosis of surgically diagnosed endometriosis complicated by endometrial polyps and investigate the association between pregnancy outcomes during subsequent pregnancies.Materials and methodsFrom January 2013 to December 2016, 1263 infertile patients were enrolled in the study. We identified 451 patients with endometriosis, and divided them into a polyp group (n = 204) and a non-polyp group (n = 247) based on whether or not they were associated with endometrial polyps. Postoperative clinical pregnant women (n = 82) among the polyp group were then classified into a study group and a control group composed of those undergoing a singleton pregnancy (n = 164) who delivered during the same time period. Clinical statuses and complications during pregnancy and delivery were collected from hospitals and by telephone interviews and surveys through the mail.ResultsThe prevalence rate of endometriosis infertile group was obviously higher than the non-endometriosis infertile group ([45.23%; 204/451] versus [17.12%; 139/812]). Women suffering from stage 1 to 4 endometriosis had a 42.44% (73/172), 40.69% (59/145), 55.89% (38/68) and 51.52% (34/66) occurrence rate of endometrial polyps, respectively. The frequency of endometrial polyps for stage 3 and 4 patients was obviously higher than that of stage 1 and 2 patients ([53.73%; 72/134] versus [41.64%; 132/317]). Moreover, the occurrence rate of deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) was 57.81% (37/64), which was obviously higher than that of ovarian endometriosis (42.42%; 98/231) and peritoneal endometriosis (44.23%; 69/156). Of the 204 women diagnosed with posterior endometrial polyps, 89 became pregnant, 7 pregnancies ended in a spontaneous abortion, and 82 successfully delivered a baby. The clinical pregnancy rate of patients in stages 1 and 2 was wholly higher than that of patients in stages 3 and 4 ([48.70%; 56/115] versus [37.71%; 26/82]). The postsurgical pregnancy status of patients suffering from peritoneal endometriosis was slightly better than those with ovarian or DIE, but differences were not statistically significant (P = 0.626). We also found that the pregnancy rate was statistically elevated in patients whose EFI scores range from 7 to 10. When compared to the control group, women with endometriosis and endometrial polyps had a higher risk of their pregnancy being complicated by placenta previa (13.41%) and cesarean delivery (59.76%).ConclusionPatients with endometriosis have a higher frequency of endometrial polyps. We found that a combined hysteroscopy and laparoscopy surgical procedure is an effective way to increase pregnancy rates. Different endometriosis stages and types in patients were associated with clinical pregnancy and spontaneous abortion rates. Women affected by both endometriosis and endometrial polyps have an independently elevated risk of placenta previa and cesarean delivery during pregnancy.