七叶皂苷钠治疗胫腓骨骨折所致肢体肿胀的Meta分析

目的：评价七叶皂苷钠治疗胫腓骨骨折所致肢体肿胀的疗效及安全性。方法计算机检索CNKI 、CBM、万方、维普从建库到2015年3月31日前七叶皂苷钠治疗胫腓骨骨折所致肢体肿胀所有临床研究文献,采用RevMan5．3软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入4项研究,共398例患者。七叶皂苷钠组较甘露醇组治疗胫腓骨骨折所致肿胀有效率更高,差异具有统计学意义[OR＝2．68,95％CI（1．41,5．10）,Z＝3．01,P＝0．003];七叶皂苷钠组与甘露醇组治疗胫腓骨骨折所致肿胀疗程上差异无统计学意义[MD＝－1．08,95％CI（－3．17,1．01）,Z＝1．01,P＝0．31];联合用药组较甘露醇组治疗胫腓骨骨折所致肿胀有效率更高,差异具有统计学意义[OR＝4．37,95％CI（1．37,13．96）,Z＝2．49,P＝0．01];联合用药组较甘露醇组治疗胫腓骨骨折所致肿胀疗程更短,差异具有统计学意义[MD＝－1．58,95％CI（－1．98,1．17）,Z＝7．65,P＜0．000001]。结论七叶皂苷钠单独使用可以增加治疗胫腓骨骨折所致肿胀有效率,但不能缩短疗程;联合用药不仅能增加治疗肿胀有效率,同时能缩短疗程。     

术前 CT 平扫指导跟骨骨折闭合复位内固定的临床疗效观察

目的：探讨术前 CT 扫描指导跟骨骨折闭合复位术中固定方式的临床意义。方法对拟行手术的 SandersⅡ～Ⅲ型跟骨骨折患者36例,分为闭合复位空心螺钉内固定组18例、切开复位钢板内固定组18例,对闭合复位内固定进行患侧 CT 扫描,了解骨折具体移位形态,指导术中螺钉植入方式,并对术后3 d 及术后6个月的跟骨 bohler’s 角及跟骨高度进行测量、比较,并对跟骨功能进行 AOFAS（美国足踝外科学会踝—后足评分标准）评分。结果闭合复位空心螺钉内固定组术后第3天bohler’s 角25．3°～40°（34．8±5．12°）,跟骨高度41～54 mm（47．5±3．94 mm）,术后6个月 bohler’s 角25．4°～39．8°（34．7°±5．15°）,跟骨高度40～54 mm（47．4±5．29 mm）,术后6月 AOFAS 评分优15足,良2足,可1足,优良率94．4％,切开复位钢板内固定组术后3 d bohler’s 角26．3°～39．6°（34．8°±5．24°）,跟骨高度35．5～53．5 mm（47．6±5．25 mm）,术后6个月bohler’s 角26．2°～39．7°（34．7°±5．24°）,跟骨高度35．3～53．4 mm（47．5±5．29 mm）,术后6月 AOFAS 评分优13足,良3足,可2足,优良率88．9％,两组组内比较有统计学差异（P ＜0．05）,组间比较,跟骨高度和 bohler’s 角角度测量结果无统计学差异。结论闭合复位空心螺钉内固定术前 CT 平扫,可以直观的了解跟骨折的具体移位情况,可以更加准确的复位及调整螺钉的布局,符合骨折复位、固定的基本原则,术后关节面塌陷及骨折再移位较切开复位内固定无统计学差异,但减少了切开复位的手术并发症,提高了临床疗效。     

神经刺激仪定位在老年桡骨骨折手术患者行肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞麻醉中的应用价值

目的 探讨神经刺激仪定位用于老年桡骨骨折患者行肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞麻醉效果。 方法 选择行肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞老年桡骨骨折患者100例,随机分为S组(50例)和P组(50例),分别在神经刺激仪和传统异感法定位下予罗哌卡因行神经阻滞,比较两组患者麻醉效果及满意度。 结果 S组操作,臂丛感觉神经阻滞起效、完善及运动神经阻滞起效时间均短于P组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);S组麻醉满意度优于P组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 神经刺激仪定位应用于老年患者行肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞,安全有效。     

不稳定股骨转子间骨折不同内固定方法的疗效比较

目的 浅析不同内固定方法对不稳定股骨转子间骨折的疗效差异。方法 2009年1月至2013年5月行内固定手术的不稳定股骨转子间骨折患者36例,采用Gamma钉固定10例为A组,动力髋螺钉(DHS)固定11例为B组,股骨近端抗旋髓内钉(PFNA)固定15例为C组。对不同的内固定方式的术中出血量、手术时间、术后并发症、骨折愈合时间及髋关节功能评分等相关数据进行统计学分析。结果 各组患者术后均获随访,平均随访时间1年半,住院及随访期间无死亡病例。C组手术时间较A、B两组短,且有统计学意义(P<0.05)。B组术中出血量最多,愈合时间长,C组出血最少,但与A组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术中A组发生股骨颈干角变小1例,髋内翻1例;B组发生髋内翻2例,头钉穿出1例,内固定松动1例;C组无相关并发症发生。骨折愈合时间A、B、C三组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。A、C两组髋关节功能评分均较B组高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但A、C两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 PFNA是治疗不稳定股骨转子间骨折一个很好的选择,手术操作简便,损伤较小,出血少,固定牢靠,术后髋关节功能恢复较好,值得临床推广。     

The comparison of Nice knots and traditional methods as an auxiliary reduction-fixation technique in pre-contoured locking plate fixation for comminuted Robinson type 2B clavicle fracture: A retrospective study

Open reduction and pre-contoured locking plate fixation is a popular treatment option for displaced midshaft clavicle fracture. Lag screw and cerclage are 2 main intraoperative techniques to reduce and fix fragments. However, both lag screw and metallic cerclage have disadvantages. The doubled-suture Nice knot has been reported in many areas of orthopedic surgery for its effectiveness. This study aims to compare the outcomes of comminuted mid-shaft clavicle fractures reduced by Nice knots vs traditional techniques (lag screw or/and metallic cerclage) when bridged with pre-contoured locking plates.We retrospectively reviewed 101 patients (65 females and 36 males) diagnosed with midshaft clavicle fractures with at least one wedge fragment reduced by either Nice knots or traditional methods and bridged with pre-contoured locking plates between December 2016 and April 2019. Operation time, functional outcomes, pain, patient satisfaction, fracture healing, and complications were assessed at a follow-up of 12 to 40 months.The mean age of all the patients was 50.8 years. There were 52 and 49 patients in the Nice knot group and traditional group respectively, and no differences between 2 groups were found in general patient characteristics, fracture type, follow up and injury-to-surgery duration. The Nice knot group had significant less operation time (P < .01) than the traditional group (mean and standard deviation [SD], 78.6 ± 19.0 compared with 94.4 ± 29.9 minutes, respectively). For healing time, functional score, pain, satisfaction and complications, there were no significant differences between groups, despite the Nice knot group had slightly better results.Both Nice knots and traditional methods treated for comminuted Robinson type 2B clavicle fractures were effective and safe. And the Nice knots seemed to be superior with significant less operation time.     

Associations of childhood overweight and obesity with upper-extremity fracture characteristics

Childhood obesity is a growing epidemic in the United States, and is associated with an increased risk of lower-extremity physeal fractures, and fractures requiring operative intervention. However, no study has assessed the risk upper extremity physeal fractures among overweight children. Our purpose was to compare the following upper-extremity fracture characteristics in overweight and obese children with those of normal-weight/underweight children (herein, “normal weight”): mechanism of injury, anatomical location, fracture pattern, physeal involvement, and treatment types. We hypothesized that overweight and obese children would be higher risk for physeal and complete fractures with low-energy mechanisms and would therefore more frequently require operative intervention compared with normal-weight children.We performed a cross-sectional review of our database of 608 patients aged 2 to 16 years, and included patients who sustained isolated upper-extremity fractures at our level-1 pediatric tertiary care center from January 2014 to August 2017. Excluded were patients who sustained pathologic fractures and those without basic demographic or radiologic information. Using body mass index percentile for age and sex, we categorized patients as obese (≥95th percentile), overweight (85th to <95th percentile), normal weight (5th to <85th percentile), or underweight (<5th percentile). The obese and overweight groups were analyzed both separately and as a combined overweight/obese group. Demographic data included age, sex, height, and weight. Fractures were classified based on fracture location, fracture pattern (transverse, comminuted, buckle, greenstick, avulsion, or oblique), physeal involvement, and treatment type. Of the 608 patients, 58% were normal weight, 23% were overweight, and 19% were obese. There were no differences in the mean ages or sex distributions among the 3 groups.Among patients with low-energy mechanisms of injury, overweight/obese patients had significantly greater proportions of complete fractures compared with normal-weight children (complete: 65% vs 55%, P = .001; transverse: 43% vs 27%, P = .006). In addition, the overweight/obese group sustained significantly more upper-extremity physeal fractures (37%) than did the normal-weight group (23%) (P = .007).Compared with those in normal-weight children, upper-extremity fracture patterns differ in overweight and obese children, who have higher risk of physeal injuries and complete fractures caused by low-energy mechanisms.Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective comparative study.     

Therapeutic efficacy of arthroscopy-assisted transosseous fixation with the Versalok suture anchor for tibial eminence fractures in adults

To investigate the clinical outcomes of arthroscopy-assisted transosseous fixation of tibial eminence fractures with the Versalok suture anchor in adults.A total of 23 adult cases of tibial eminence fractures treated between June 2016 and March 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The results of the preoperative drawer test and Lachman test were positive. Radiography and computed tomography were performed before and after the procedure. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed in every patient after admission. Arthroscopy-assisted fracture reduction and Orthocord high-strength suture fixation with two Versalok anchors were performed in all the patients. The International Knee Documentation Committee scale and the Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale were used to evaluate outcomes during the follow-up period. Additionally, the KT-2000 knee stability test was performed.At the final follow-up, all the fractures had proceeded to bony union and no wound infection was observed. The average Lysholm Knee Score of the affected knees was 93.1 (range, 90–98), which was not significantly different from that of the healthy knees (t = 0.732, P = .132). Based on the International Knee Documentation Committee scale results, 21 patients were graded as normal and the other 2 patients were graded as nearly normal. The KT-2000 test showed that the anterior displacement of the affected side and the healthy side was less than 3.6 mm in all cases.The outcomes indicated firm fixation and good fracture healing with minimal trauma. Thus, arthroscopy-assisted transosseous fixation with Versalok suture anchors for adult tibial eminence fractures seems to have satisfactory clinical outcomes.     

Use of N-butyl cyanoacrylate in the successful transcatheter arterial embolization of an arteriovenous fistula caused by blunt pelvic fracture: A case report and review of literature

Rationale:Traumatic arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) of the pelvis are uncommon and present with a variety of clinical manifestations; their detection may be difficult. An endovascular approach is usually the first choice of treatment, because surgical intervention is complicated due to the location of the lesions.Patient concerns:A 68-year-old man was admitted with severe pelvic pain following a fall.Diagnosis:A pelvic bone fracture (Young and Burgess Classification, lateral compression type II) was revealed on pelvic computed tomography (CT), while a pelvic sidewall hematoma, unaccompanied by any vascular injury, was detected on multidetector CT.Interventions:Pelvic angiography revealed an AVF between the internal iliac artery and vein, which was undetected by MDCT. The AVF was successfully treated using transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) with n-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA).Outcomes:The patient recovered well and was discharged 4 weeks later. No complications were noted at the 8-month follow-up.Lessons:AVF may occur as a complication of blunt pelvic bone fracture. A high index of suspicion, angiography, and prompt diagnosis resulted in the successful management of our patient who presented with risk factors. Furthermore, TAE using NBCA enables a minimally invasive and effective treatment of traumatic pelvic AVF.     

Traumatic atlanto-axial rotatory subluxation and dens fracture with subaxial SCIWORA of Brown-Sequard syndrome: A case report

Rationale:A case of traumatic atlanto-axial rotatory subluxation (AARS), dens fracture, rupture of transverse atlantal ligament (TAL), and subaxial spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality (SCIWORA) of Brown-Sequard syndrome has never been reported in a child.Patient concerns:A 7-year-old boy presented to hospital with torticollis, neck pain, and limited neck rotation after a seat-belt injury sustained during a car accident. Neurologic examination revealed right-side motor weakness and left-side sensory abnormality, known as Brown-Sequard syndrome.Diagnosis:Radiologic examinations revealed type II AARS (Fielding and Hawkins classification), increased atlanto-dental interval (ADI) of 4.5 mm due to a type 1B TAL rupture (Dickman classification), a displaced transverse dens fracture along with an ossiculum terminale, and an intramedullary hemorrhage on the right side of the spinal cord at C3–4.Interventions:The patient immediately received methylprednisolone, and his motor weakness and sensory abnormality gradually improved. At the same time, the patient underwent initial halter traction for 2 weeks, but he failed to achieve successful reduction and required manual reduction under general anesthesia.Outcomes:At the 7-month follow-up visit, radiologic examinations showed a corrected type II AARS that was well maintained and normalization of the ADI to 2 mm. The reduced transverse dens fracture was well maintained but still not united. All clinical symptoms were significantly improved, except the remaining motor weakness of the right upper extremity.Lessons:To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of traumatic AARS, dens fracture, TAL rupture, and subaxial SCIWORA of Brown-Sequard syndrome in a child. Appropriate diagnosis and careful treatment strategy are required for successful management of complex cervical injuries in a child.