无锡市盆底功能障碍性疾病的流行病学调查

目的:调查盆底功能障碍性疾病(PFD)的流行病学特征及相关危险因素.方法:采用问卷调查和常规体检方式,选取2011年9月～2013年6月在该院妇科就诊的2 655例患者为研究对象,通过检查获得临床资料进行分析.结果:2655例中651例患有PFD,患病率24.52％.其中盆腔器官脱垂(POP)患者349例,患病率13.15％;压力性尿失禁(SUI) 302例,患病率11.37％.无生育史的女性PFD发生率低,有生育史的女性PFD发生率明显高,而选择阴道分娩的女性发生率高于剖宫产分娩的女性.随着年龄增加,PFD发生率也随之上升.PFD对患者的生活质量产生不同程度的影响,产次多、年龄高、患有便秘、阴道分娩、产程延长、子宫切除术均为POP和SUI的危险因素,绝经是POP的危险因素,会阴裂伤是SUI的危险因素.结论:PFD在该市女性人群中较为常见,会对患者的生活质量产生影响,应引起高度重视.     

Systemic immune responses to an inactivated,whole H9N2 avian influenza virus vaccine using class B CpG oligonucleotides in chickens

Commercial vaccines against avian influenza viruses (AIV) in chickens consist mainly of inactivated AIV, requiring parenteral administration and co-delivery of an adjuvant. Limitations in T helper 1 or T helper 2 biased responses generated by these vaccines emphasize the need for alternative, more efficacious adjuvants. The Toll-like receptor (TLR) 21 ligand, CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN), has been established as immunomodulatory in chickens. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the adjuvant potential of high (20 μg) and low (2 μg) doses of CpG ODN 2007 (CpG 2007) and CpG ODN 1826 (CpG 1826) when administered to chickens with a formalin-inactivated H9N2 AIV. Antibody responses in sera were evaluated in 90 specific pathogen free (SPF) chickens after intramuscular administration of vaccine formulations at 7 and 21 days post-hatch. Antibody responses were assessed based on haemagglutination inhibition (HI) and virus neutralization (VN) assays; virus-specific IgM and IgY antibody responses were evaluated by ELISA. The results suggest that the vaccine formulation containing low dose CpG 2007 was significantly more effective at generating neutralizing (both HI and VN) responses than formulations with high or low doses of CpG 1826 or high dose CpG 2007. Neutralizing responses elicited by low dose CpG 2007 significantly exceeded those generated by a squalene-based adjuvanted vaccine formulation during peak responses. A significantly higher IgM response was elicited by the formulation containing low dose CpG 2007 compared to high and low doses of 1826. Although the low dose of CpG 2007 elicited a higher IgY response than CpG 1826, the difference was not statistically significant. In conclusion, 2 μg of CpG 2007 is potentially promising as a vaccine adjuvant when delivered intramuscularly with inactivated H9N2 virus to chickens. Future studies may be directed at determining the mucosal antibody responses to the same vaccine formulations.     

Start‐up designs for response‐adaptive randomization procedures with sequential estimation

Response‐adaptive randomization procedures are appropriate for clinical trials in which two or more treatments are to be compared, patients arrive sequentially and the response of each patient is recorded before the next patient arrives. However, for those procedures that involve sequential estimation of model parameters, start‐up designs are commonly required in order to provide initial estimates of the parameters. In this paper, a suite of such start‐up designs for two treatments and binary patient responses are considered and compared in terms of the numbers of patients required in order to give meaningful parameters estimates, the number of patients allocated to the better treatment, and the bias in the parameter estimates. It is shown that permuted block designs with blocks of size 4 are to be preferred over a wide range of parameter values. For the case of two treatments, normal responses and selected start‐up procedures, a design incorporating complete randomization followed appropriately by repeats of one of the treatments yields the minimum expected number of patients and is to be preferred. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

药物治疗应激性胃溃疡的研究进展

应激性胃溃疡是由于应激引起的以胃黏膜糜烂、表浅溃疡以及胃黏膜出血为特征的应激胃黏膜病变。其发病原因与生活息息相关,发病人数日益增多。近年来相应的药物基础研究主要围绕着抑制应激所造成的氧化损伤、抗炎症因子的表达、调节胃酸等,并取得大量的研究成果,对于治疗应激性胃溃疡的药物选择逐渐多样化,植物提取物对应激性胃溃疡的作用得到越来越多的关注。文中就目前对应激性胃溃疡的药物治疗研究情况作一综述。     

雷公藤多苷联合常规治疗对紫癜性肾炎患儿血清学指标的影响

目的:研究雷公藤多苷联合常规治疗对紫癜性肾炎患儿血清学指标的影响.方法:选择2011年3月～2014年6月期间在我院儿科接受治疗的紫癜性肾炎患儿进行研究,随机分为常规治疗组和雷公藤组,检测两组患者的免疫标志分子、细胞因子以及蛋白酶分子含量.结果:(1)免疫标志分子:与常规治疗组血液中免疫标志分子的含量比较,雷公藤组血液中CD28、B7-2、CD54、CD11a、CD11b、CD18的含量较低;(2)细胞因子:与常规治疗组血清细胞因子含量比较,雷公藤组血清中肿瘤坏死因子-a(TNF-α)、转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)、胰岛素样生长因子(IGF1)、胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白IGFBP-3、肝细胞生长因子(HGF)和结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)含量较低;(3)蛋白酶分子:与常规治疗组血清蛋白酶分子含量比较,雷公藤组血清中基质金属蛋白酶2、9(MMP2、MMP9)、胱蛋白酶C(Cys C)含量较低,TIMP1、β1,3半乳糖基转移酶(β1,3GT)、Cosmc含量较高.结论:雷公藤多苷联合常规治疗有助于抑制自身免疫反应,减少紫癜性肾炎相关细胞因子产生,调节蛋白酶平衡,是治疗紫癜性肾炎的理想方法.     

七氟醚不同麻醉深度对术后应激反应以及血清兴奋性氨基酸、S-100β、NSE含量的影响

目的:研究七氟醚不同麻醉深度对术后应激反应以及血清兴奋性氨基酸、S-100β、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)含量的影响.方法:将2013年4月～2014年5月期间在我院接受静吸复合麻醉的120例患者纳入研究,根据七氟醚麻醉深度不同分为两组,观察组患者接受高浓度七氟醚麻醉[脑电双频指数(BIS)值35～45]、对照组患者接受低浓度七氟醚麻醉(BIS值50～60),比较两组患者的术后应激反应以及血清兴奋性氨基酸、S-100β、NSE含量.结果:(1)应激反应:观察组患者的血清皮质醇(Cor)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、肾上腺素(E)含量低于对照组(P＜0.05);(2)兴奋性氨基酸:观察组患者的血清谷氨酸(Glu)、天冬氨酸(Asp)、甘氨酸(Gly)含量低于对照组(P＜0.05);(3)血清生化指标:观察组患者的血清S-100β、NSE含量低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论:高浓度七氟醚麻醉(BIS值35～45)有助于缓解术后应激反应、减少神经细胞损伤、降低血清兴奋性氨基酸含量、S-100β、NSE含量,是更为理想的七氟醚麻醉深度.     

纤维支气管镜肺泡灌洗治疗对急诊重症肺炎合并呼吸衰竭患者血清学指标的影响

目的:研究纤维支气管镜肺泡灌洗治疗对急诊重症肺炎合并呼吸衰竭患者血清学指标的影响.方法:将2012年9月～2014年8月期间我院收治的重症肺炎合并呼吸衰竭患者40例纳入研究,随机分为两组,观察组患者接受纤维支气管镜肺泡灌洗联合常规治疗,对照组患者接受常规治疗,比较两组患者的呼吸功能指标、血清炎症指标以及外周血信号通路.结果:(1)呼吸功能:观察组患者的氧合指数(PaO2/FiO2)、动态顺应性(Cdyn)水平高于对照组,呼吸做功(WOB)水平低于对照组(P＜0.05);(2)炎症指标:观察组患者的CD11b+中性粒细胞比例、可溶性髓系细胞触发受体-1(sTREM-1)、高迁移率族蛋白B1(HMGB 1)含量低于对照组(P＜0.05);(3)信号通路:观察组患者外周血中JAK、PI3K、ERK、JNK、p38、BMK1的mRNA含量低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论:纤维支气管镜肺泡灌洗治疗有助于改善呼吸功能,缓解炎症反应,抑制炎症相关信号通路的激活.     

实验动物运输福利的研究进展

运输是实验动物行业的必要环节,运输过程的装卸、装载密度、运输时间、禁食禁水、运输笼盒、环境温度等因素如控制不当,均会使实验动物产生应激。本文介绍了国内外动物运输福利法规,从运输过程中对被运输动物产生应激影响的因素进行了探讨,总结了实验动物运输中减少动物应激的措施和方法。     

Developing Item Response Theory–Based Short Forms to Measure the Social Impact of Burn Injuries

Objective

To develop self-reported short forms for the Life Impact Burn Recovery Evaluation (LIBRE) Profile.

Is Going Beyond Rasch Analysis Necessary to Assess the Construct Validity of a Motor Function Scale?

Objective

To examine whether a Rasch analysis is sufficient to establish the construct validity of the Motor Function Measure (MFM) and discuss whether weighting the MFM item scores would improve the MFM construct validity.